Korean fir ( Latin name- Ábies koreána) is a coniferous tree belonging to the Pine family. It can reach 15 meters in length. Long-lived: average age is 150 years old, but there are some individuals whose age reaches 300 years. The crown has the shape of a cone. Juveniles have light gray, smooth bark. As they age, they will change color to brownish-red.

Description and main characteristics

It is widespread in the southern part of Korea, including on Jeju Island. It grows in mountainous areas at altitudes from 1000 to 1850 meters above sea level.

According to the description, Korean fir is rich green in color, with a lush cone-shaped crown. Young shoots have a yellowish tint, which turns purple with age. Young seedlings have smooth grayish bark. Over time, it turns red-brown. The trunk is straight. The hard, thick, curved needles are dark green in color. The length is 10−20 mm, width 2−3 mm. Darker on top, shiny below. Young plants have a more spiny top. Fir cones are cylindrical in shape. Their sizes are small: length 5−7 cm, width 2−3 cm. Adult cones have a violet-purple color.

Plant varieties

This species is classified according to the size of its annual growth. This allows you to imagine what the tree will be like after some time. There are 5 groups:

microscopic (growth 1−3 cm per year);
miniature (3−8 cm per year);
dwarf (8−15 cm per year);
medium-sized (15−30 cm per year);
full-grown (30 or more cm per year).

Use in landscape design

This type is widely used in arranging parks and gardens both in the Moscow region and in other regions of Russia. However, these plants suffer greatly from air pollution, with the exception of a few varieties. They look good against the background of other trees and shrubs and complement a pleasant landscape. They are used to create hedges, as they do not require constant trimming due to their natural shape. Thanks to their thick, non-falling needles, the branches are used by florists to decorate compositions.

Fir is one of the favorites among gardeners. The rich color of the needles, blue-violet cones that never fall off, as well as the symmetrical formation of the tree's silhouette give it beauty and elegance. The following varieties are most often used in landscape design:

There are many more varieties of fir, but not so common, for example: Korean fir, Fliegende Untertas, Blue Emperor bonsai.

Reproduction methods

Sowing seeds should be done in autumn or spring, and before that it is mandatory to go through a period of stratification, which lasts 30-40 days (keeping the seeds at the required temperature). This process is needed to speed up seed germination after planting. Harvesting occurs at the very beginning of the ripening of cones. Seeds can be snowed: they are placed on pre-compacted snow in a prepared and cleaned place, covered with matting or straw, covered with polyethylene and, finally, covered with snow.

Cuttings are taken from a one-year-old tree and planted in the soil, where drainage should be added before this. The land may not be very fertile. Acidic soil is also acceptable. For good rooting, the plant should be treated with special chemicals.

Diseases and their prevention

A sharp change in temperature has a detrimental effect on this plant. Due to changes, the tree may lose lush needles and young buds. In the worst case, the fir may die.

The dacha has long ceased to be a place for growing potatoes, and modern summer residents decorate their plots with ornamental plants with great enthusiasm. One of these is the Korean fir, the planting and care of which will be discussed in this article.

Korean fir: plant description

When talking about Korean fir, it is important to indicate its description, since this tree has a number of differences from its more popular relatives. Under natural conditions, Korean fir is a giant tree that can grow up to 14 meters in height. The trunk of such a tree can have a diameter of about 1 meter.

But when growing decorative varieties This tree rarely manages to achieve similar results, although common features are still found:

the Korean fir tree has an attractive cone-shaped crown;
the needles on the tree have an unusual emerald color, although the lower part of each needle is silvery, with a waxy streak;
Korean fir has a peculiar cone shape, which is distinguished by its purple color and large size - up to 10 cm in height and 4 cm in width; usually the cones rise up on the branches, which gives the tree a special elegance;
the color of the bark is reddish, although young shoots are usually yellow;
the branches on the tree trunk are located quite densely, making it very attractive and even a little like an artificial spruce;
Korean fir has excellent winter hardiness, which is comparable to frost resistance Siberian cedar; thanks to this, it can be grown not only in the latitudes of Ukraine, but also in the northern part of Belarus and in the coldest regions of Russia;
V summer time this tree is no less resistant to drought, especially if we're talking about about adult representatives of the species.

Did you know? Except decorative properties, Korean fir also perfectly purifies the air in the area and collects harmful microelements with its needles. In addition, it has a pleasant pine aroma.

Korean fir varieties for cultivation

Planting Korean fir at random may lead to the fact that the variety you have chosen will not take root in your region or may disappoint with its decorative qualities. In addition, Korean fir has two varieties at once - tall varieties with pyramidal or cone-shaped crowns, and low-growing varieties, the crown of which is more similar to a flattened ball.

It is worth noting that among the Korean fir there are species that differ in the shape of the cones, the color of the needles, and preferences in relation to growth conditions, Therefore, let’s look at the most popular varieties in more detail:

. Dwarf Korean fir, which is distinguished by a cushion-shaped crown and grows in diameter to no more than 70 cm, and in height - only 0.5 meters. It is distinguished by thick dark green needles with a bluish bottom. The needles themselves are soft, up to 2 cm long. Cones are not typical for this variety.
It takes root best in areas where there are no winds or drafts, but there is plenty of light. It is better to choose slightly acidic and loose soil. If it is characterized by poor fertility, then this problem can be corrected independently. The Korean fir variety Brilliant is best planted in containers or on rocky gardens.
. This is a tall tree that can reach a height of more than 5 meters. It is distinguished by a cone-shaped crown, while the main trunk is often absent or difficult to distinguish. The main disadvantage is its slow growth (it grows no more than 12 cm per year). Among the advantages are interesting upturned “curly” dark green needles and 7-centimeter green-purple cones.
The variety tolerates frost well, but its branches can break under the weight of snow. When planting this variety, choose bright places with acidic and loose soils. The Silberlock variety is ideal for single plantings, creating Japanese gardens or rockery decorations.
. large tree, maximum height which can reach 7 meters. The crown has a conical shape and is about 3 meters in diameter. It is distinguished by the bright green color of its very dense needles, which in the lower part may have a bluish-gray color. The buds are very attractive because they are purple-blue in color. Their length is small - only 5 cm, but they very densely cover the branches of the tree.
The Molly fir variety likes to grow in well-lit areas that are not blown by the wind. Does not like heavy watering, although the tree must be watered frequently. Best used for single plantings.
. Another dwarf representative of the Korean fir, which is distinguished by a compact and symmetrical crown of only 80 cm in height. This tree is more like a slow-growing shrub (annual growth is only 5-7 cm). Another feature of the variety is its dense and long needles (4 cm) blue tint. But cones can be found extremely rarely, as on all representatives of dwarf fir.
For good growth This variety is recommended to be planted in well-lit areas where there is sandy or loamy soil with a high humus content. Compacta fir is most often used for planting in containers and rock gardens. It takes root well near ponds and walking paths.
. The tree of this variety is different small height(only about 1.5 meters) and a dense compact pillow without a pronounced center. Over the course of a year, it grows by about 6 cm. It is distinguished by short, thick and soft needles, the upper part of which is purple-silver in color, and the lower part is white. The cones are also purple or dark blue and small in size.
It's practically the only variety Korean fir, which is able to grow in slightly shaded places, and also loves moist, nutritious soil (but do not forget about drainage). The variety is best able to decorate alpine coaster and oriental gardens.

Important! In a summer cottage, fir can be planted not only for decoration, but also to protect other plants from the wind. It is noteworthy that this coniferous tree is an excellent neighbor not only to its relatives, but also to fruit and berry bushes and trees.

Features of planting Korean fir

Since the homeland of fir is the temperate and subtropical zones, it follows that the tree is not able to take root in all areas. Therefore, the place for planting it should be chosen with special care, and sometimes significant changes should be made to your site.

Choosing a landing site

Features of choosing a place for Korean fir largely depend on the selected variety of this tree. But the basic requirements will be:

good lighting, since shade and partial shade are destructive for most varieties;
absence of other large trees near, especially if you want to plant tall fir varieties;
no strong drafts, to which young seedlings are especially intolerant.

Important! Keep in mind that fir grows slowly, but in adulthood it will be quite large. Therefore, when planting it, try to retreat as far as possible from buildings and other trees. Another feature of this plant is the shallow location of the roots, which also does not allow planting large plants close up.

Soil requirements

Korean fir does not require many nutrients when grown, so you can choose almost any soil for planting it. Even loamy soils and heavy soils are suitable for this purpose, which the plant is able to “ennoble” over time, making their composition more structured.

It is best to plant Korean fir on sandy soils or other types of light soils with big amount organic substances. Acidic soils are also suitable for this purpose.

Just keep in mind that fir does not like wetlands, as well as areas that are flooded with water in the spring. If your site is just like this, take care of a good drainage system in advance.

How to plant Korean fir correctly

Having decided on the planting site, let's figure out how to plant Korean fir seedlings so that they not only take root, but also grow into an attractive bush.

Firstly, perfect time The best time to plant is early spring, before young buds and shoots have appeared on the seedlings.

Secondly, the age of the seedling for planting must be at least 4 years, although even 10-year-old trees are excellent for this purpose. It is not recommended to use younger seedlings, as in the summer they will suffer due to strong light, and in the winter they may die from frost.

We prepare a deep planting hole for the seedling. In this matter, it is important to take into account the characteristics of the variety - the larger the crown and root system, the larger the hole should be. On average, its depth can vary from 50 to 80 cm. When preparing a hole, it is important to fill it with a mixture of soil dug from it with humus and peat ( we take 1 part of the soil from the site and 0.5 each of humus and peat).

Having poured this mixture in a mound into the hole, give it time to settle, then start planting - spread the roots of the Korean fir over the earthen mound and fill it with the rest of the soil. After planting, the fir is watered generously with several buckets of water, and the circle around the trunk is mulched.
It is very important that when planting, the root collar is not buried in the soil. If it ends up underground, the tree will not grow and after a while it may even die.

Important! When planting fir, you can pursue two goals - growing single lush trees or creating a hedge. In the first option, it is necessary to leave a distance between trees of at least 5 meters, and in the second - only 2 meters.

How to care for Korean fir

Korean fir, except correct landing, also requires care, which is important to base on the needs of the tree, as well as based on the characteristics of the soil on your site and the time of year. Trees that were planted in decorative containers will require special attention. They will need watering and fertilizing more often.

Watering the plant and caring for the soil

Young seedlings that do not yet have a strong root system need moisture more. In particular, immediately after planting, it is worth adding moisture to the soil every 10-15 days. The same should be done with those Korean fir trees that are grown in containers.

As for adult large trees, it is worth adding moisture to them no more than 2-3 times during one growing season, since fir is a drought-resistant plant. However, if the summer turns out to be very dry, it would not be a bad idea to organize twice a day of watering during the month.

Today, a large variety of ornamental plants are grown in household plots. Previously, such trees and shrubs were rare. Today the market offers huge selection various plants. They are adapted to the peculiarities of the domestic climate.

Decorative trees and shrubs can decorate the landscape and bring novelty and originality to the design. One of these plants is Korean fir. Features of the growth and care of this tree will be discussed further.

Description

Korean fir (photo below) belongs to the category of evergreen trees. It has a wide and fairly dense crown. Its shape visually resembles a cone. Young shoots have a yellowish tint. They have a grooved surface. Over time, young shoots acquire a purple color.

Trees that are ready to be planted in the ground have a smooth textured bark. During this period it is distinguished by a light gray color. With age, the bark darkens and acquires a brownish-red hue. The tree can grow up to 15 m.

The branches are covered with needles curved upward. She has a rich green tint. The needles are quite hard. They cover the shoots with a thick covering. The length of the needles is about 15 mm. Moreover, their width is quite large - up to 2.5 mm. Young plants have hard and prickly needles. With age, its tips acquire a slightly notched shape. The needles at the base are shiny. They have two wide light stripes here. The tops are dark green in color.

Fir cones have special form. They are distinguished by their cylindrical shape and can grow up to 7 cm in length and 2.8 cm in width. With age they acquire purple tint.

Natural habitat

Korean fir (photo can be viewed below) is found in Korea. The main habitat of these evergreen trees is Jeju Island. Almost all forests here consist of this type of fir. If a tree develops in conditions that are comfortable for it, it can live up to 150 years or even more.

Korean varieties of fir prefer to grow in open areas. This plant loves light. It can develop in the shade, however better wood feels spacious.

IN wildlife this type of tree prefers slightly acidic, loamy or slightly alkaline soils. They need quite a lot of moisture. Therefore, they prefer to be near bodies of water.

In nature, this type of fir can most often be found in the mountains. They like to grow at an altitude of 1-2 km above sea level.

Taxonomy

Photos of Korean fir, the description of which should be considered before purchasing, can be studied further. This tree was first included in the classification coniferous plants in 1907. Its description is similar to other members of the family. However, there are a number of obvious differences.

Official name This plant sounds like Abies Koreana. A tree is a plant. She is part of the large department of Gymnosperms. Abies Koreana is also a member of the Pinaceae family. The plant received its name solely due to its place of growth.

Over time, fir began to be grown in Europe and Russia. The tree is adapted to climatic conditions middle zone our country. Therefore, it is actively grown in various garden plots. Due to the peculiarities of its development in the wild, the fir of the presented species has a powerful root system. This allows the tree to hold firmly on rocky terrain and withstand winds and bad weather.

Varieties

In our country they grow various varieties Korean fir. They differ not only in appearance, but also in their developmental characteristics and requirements for environmental conditions. Experts say that if you choose a fir variety at random, you may later greatly regret such a rash act.

The conditions of the site must satisfy the plant's requirements for growing conditions. Otherwise, it simply will not be able to develop here and will die. Also, existing varieties of fir of this type can differ significantly in size. There are tall and

Varieties may differ visually in crown shape and needle color. The shape of the cones also varies. This plant is planted for decorative purposes. It can also provide a large amount of oxygen in the area. In order not to make a mistake in choosing, you need to consider the features of the most popular varieties.

Varieties Silberlock and Diamond

The Korean fir variety Silberlock is popular in our country. This is enough tall plant. It grows up to 5 m tall and even higher. Therefore, when planting it on your site, you need to provide enough free space around it. Also, this variety is not suitable for small, limited spaces.

Gardeners note that Silberlok grows quite slowly (no more than 12 cm/year). Another disadvantage is the fragility of the branches. However, the appearance of the needles is very unusual and beautiful. It looks like curls. The plant is adapted for growing in cold climates and is not afraid of severe frosts. Firs of the Silberlok variety do well in loose, acidic soils.

For small garden plots it is recommended to plant dwarf variety Diamond. Its crown visually resembles a pillow. The fir reaches a diameter of only 65 cm. It is about 50 cm in height. The needles are soft and have a bluish tint below. No bumps appear. This variety loves light and does not tolerate drafts. The soil should be slightly acidic and loose.

Variety Molly

The description of Korean fir can vary significantly for each variety. Thus, the tallest tree of this species, which is cultivated in the Russian climate, is Molly. This fir can grow up to 7 m in height. Its crown has a conical crown. At the same time, the tree is distinguished by gently sloping branches. They can reach up to 50 cm in length.

This variety of fir requires quite a lot of free space. It is planted in spacious garden plots, parks and squares. Molly has unusual bumps. They are very beautiful, distinguished by a blue-violet hue. The needles of this tree are dark green in color. The bottom of the needles has a silvery sheen.

The Molly variety likes to grow in spacious but closed areas. The plant does not tolerate drafts. Fir is also demanding on the amount of light. There must be a lot of it. The plant does not need abundant watering. However, Molly does not like drought either.

Low-growing varieties Compact and Blue Emperor

Low-growing varieties Korean fir are Compact and Blue Emperor. The first of these plants belongs to the category dwarf trees. It reaches a height of 80 cm. The shape is symmetrical and beautiful. The color of the needles is blue. Almost no bumps. Variety loves open area and plenty of sun. The compact grows well on clay soils. This variety can decorate any area.

Some large sizes characterized by the Blue Emperor variety. This plant reaches a height of 1.5 m. It is a good option for both small and spacious areas. This is the only variety of fir of the presented type that prefers to grow in the shade.

The needles of the Blue Emperor variety are very thick, but short. It is soft and pleasant to the touch. It has purple shade. This gives the tree unusual look. The cones also differ in a similar shade. They may be purple or bluish. This variety is not afraid of wind. It is even planted next to fruit plants. This fir protects other trees from the winds.

Preparing for landing

Korean fir, planting and caring for which requires certain theoretical knowledge, requires detailed consideration. This will determine whether the tree can take root on the site. In the wild, this plant grows in temperate and subtropical climate zones. It is important to choose the right place for planting.

When choosing a site on which a seedling will grow, you need to be guided by the characteristics and requirements of a particular variety. Most firs of this species prefer light. They do not tolerate drafts, so the area must be protected from gusty winds. The root system will need enough space. It is also worth considering the size of the fir variety.

Firs of this species do not have high soil requirements. It may not contain many nutrients. The soil can be almost anything. The tree will grow even in loamy soil types. However, it feels more comfortable on light sandy soils. To ensure stable and proper development of the seedling, you need to add to the soil organic fertilizers. The tree will not grow in areas where water collects and stagnates.

Landing rules

Having correctly chosen the place for planting Korean fir, you can begin this process. It is important to choose the right time to carry out such work. Landing is carried out in early spring. The procedure must be carried out before young shoots appear on the tree.

You can replant fir that has reached 4 years of age. Younger seedlings will not be able to adapt and develop in new conditions. In summer, they most likely will not withstand the heat. Even if the tree can survive this period, it will freeze in winter. Also, transplantation is performed if the tree has not reached the age of 10 years.

The hole is dug in accordance with the characteristics of the root system of the variety. It should have a depth of 50 to 85 cm. Humus and peat mixed with soil are poured into the hole. These components are poured in the form of a mound. Fir roots spread along its slopes. Next they are covered with soil. The root collar should not be deep underground. The fir is watered with 2-3 buckets of water.

Rules of care

Korean fir, the care of which depends on the time of year, type of soil, type of tree, is quite simple. Dwarf varieties are planted in special containers. They need to be watered and fertilized more often. In such containers they are limited in access to the necessary components for harmonious growth.

Watering should be done more often for seedlings and young trees. Their root system has not yet established itself. Therefore, they need more water. Newly planted fir trees are watered at least 3 times a month. Young trees can be watered 2-3 times a season. If the weather is hot and dry, you can do this procedure more often.

After watering, the soil near the fir must be loosened. To ensure good air flow to the roots, you need to add sawdust near the fir trunk. This procedure is carried out in autumn and spring. Young trees need to be covered with paper for the winter. You can't wrap them up.

Feeding and pruning

Korean fir does not require a large amount of fertilizing. Fertilizers are applied to the soil 5 years after planting. In this case they use special compounds, intended for coniferous trees.

There is no need to trim fir branches. However, you can make the plant more magnificent with the help of special care. It is necessary to improve the shoots that grow in the center. Every year you need to remove dry branches and cones from the tree. This procedure makes the plant more decorative.

It should be noted that when planting a fir, you should not move it to another place. The plant does not tolerate such stress well. Therefore, the choice of landing site must be taken responsibly.

Plant nursery "Sign of the Earth"

Landscape design of the site

Landscape design of a site is a real art, which involves a whole group of specialists. Landscape design is distinguished by individuality, because you are unlikely to find two identical plots: each house with its surrounding area and landscape is unique. Therefore, designers and planners create a landscape design that is suitable only for you and where all your dreams are realized. Landscape design is only limited by your imagination. For example, you need to beautifully decorate your terrace for a pleasant pastime. Or maybe you are dreaming about small pond, where a cascade with murmuring water will be built. If the project includes a swimming pool, then a changing cabin is needed, and the ground around the entire perimeter must be covered with safe materials.
Having equipped a fountain, you can listen to the sound of falling water. For some, the presence of bodies of water personal plot is not necessary, then a landscape design specialist can create the appearance of the presence of water using a “dry” stream. The imagination of our landscape designers is limitless, and a photo gallery of our completed projects will help you in determining what your summer cottage should be like. Our company employs creative personalities, who are experienced and highly qualified specialists who are ready to fill your garden with life, which will bring you the joy of communicating with it for many years.
Our studio landscape design strives to preserve and improve the existing natural environment on the site. In this regard, each tree, shrub or part of the relief, at your request, will become integral organic elements of the new garden design. Our specialists love their work and will be happy to provide any assistance!

Ornamental plant nursery

We are engaged landscaping personal plots, dachas, suburban and urban areas. Our task is A complex approach to landscaping. We are ready not only to give you beautiful and adapted plants, but to deliver them and plant them.

Our plant nursery employs only competent and qualified specialists in various fields. Each of us has unique knowledge of planting and replanting plants, pruning trees and shrubs, we will tell you how to properly care for your garden and give recommendations on landscape design.

Over 50 species of fir are found in nature, which occupy the geographical areas of Central and of Eastern Europe, northern regions of Central Asia, widely distributed in Siberia and the Far East. In ornamental gardening, the 10 most popular representatives of the fir genus are used, a description of which is given in the article.

General characteristics

Most representatives of the genus Fir (Abies) share the following morphological and ecological characteristics:

large trees with a crown in the form of a regular cone
in many species the bark is smooth and light gray in color
The root system is of a core structure, going deep into the interior. The largest mass of fibrous roots is located in the upper layers of the soil

At first glance, fir resembles spruce in appearance. They are especially similar to each other from afar. Coniferous trees They are close not only in appearance, but also in name. In Old Church Slavonic, spruce is called “Yalina”, and fir is called “Yalitsa”. But there are still significant differences between them:

most fir species have smooth gray trunks with thin bark and numerous resinous nodules
the branches form a crown of a regular conical shape, narrower and neater than that of spruce
the needles at the ends are blunt with white longitudinal stripes

Fir is easy to distinguish when it bears fruit.. Spruce cones hang down, and fir “cobs” stick straight up. When the seeds ripen, they immediately fall out. It is impossible to pick up a cone filled with grains from the ground. If they are needed for sowing, they are looked for below or cut off along with the cones before they fall.

Most types of fir need fertile, well-aerated, moist soils.

Decorative varieties are extremely sensitive to an excess of harmful substances in the air, especially carbon dioxide and car exhaust smoke. This is the reason why, in urban environments, they are much less common than other conifers.

In landscape gardening, 9 types are most often used, as well as their breeding varieties, which are similar to each other in living conditions.

Location

Firs belong to shade-tolerant plants , but grow better with sufficient lighting. They need a lot of light in the first five years after planting. Optimal conditions are sun in the morning and light partial shade in the afternoon.
Refers to wind-resistant plants, although it is better to protect them from severe turbulence. It will withstand a draft, but will suffer and lose its decorative effect.
Need high humidity air.
Plants are demanding on soil conditions.

Soils

The lifespan of most cultivated species and varieties is several decades. They require fertile, rich soil with good drainage to thrive. They do not tolerate stagnant moisture at all. Even with short-term flooding, plants quickly die.

Timing and features of planting

The optimal time in spring is April. Another deadline is the end of August, beginning of September. Although, trees with a lump of earth can be planted at any time of the year when the earth is dug.

Seedlings take root better when they are 5 to 10 years old.

Magnitude landing pit should be twice the size of the coma, but not less than 60 cm in diameter and 60 cm in depth. When planting, the plant is positioned so that the root collar is flush with the edge of the hole.

The soil mixture for planting fir consists of the following components:

medium loam – 2 hours
leaf soil or humus - 3 hours
bottom peat – 1 hour
coarse river sand – 1 hour

When planting, complete mineral fertilizer nitroammofoska is applied at the rate of 250 - 300 g in each hole, as well as 10 kg of forest soil or sawdust.

If fir is planted on heavy natural soils, drainage at the bottom of the hole is required. It is formed from crushed stone or crushed brick, in a layer of 15 - 20 cm, and only after that the pit is filled with nutritious soil.

Care

Fertilizing is carried out 2-3 years after planting. Typically, a universal fertilizer for coniferous plants is used - 150 g per 1 m2.

Water the fir as needed when it dries out. upper layer soil, at the rate of 15-20 liters for each tree. In the hot season, the crown is sprinkled once every two weeks.

Fir favors loosening the soil and removing weeds. Recently, this process has successfully replaced mulching. It is better to use forest litter, bark, wood chips, cones, and sawdust of coniferous trees as a protective material.

Thanks to the natural shape of the crown, There is no need to trim the fir. with the exception of dry, broken and diseased branches.

Most decorative varieties are frost-resistant plants, which do not need protection for the winter. But in the first years of life, it is better to cover young plants to protect them from low temperatures. For this purpose they use modern material called "spunbond".

Varieties of spunbond have different names assigned by manufacturers different countries. The following assortment is offered for sale: Agrofibre, Agrotex, Agril, Lutrasil, AgroSUF, etc.

Any of the listed types is a non-woven fabric white, which allows air and moisture to pass through well, retains heat, increasing the temperature inside the shelter from 2 to 9 degrees compared to the environment.

In areas with cold climates, the material is often used to protect heat-loving fir varieties from severe frosts.

Read also:

The importance of superphosphate as a mineral fertilizer in the care of tomatoes, potatoes, seedlings and other crops. Ways to use it in the garden (Photo & Video) + Reviews

Description of species and varieties

Of the several dozen natural species in ornamental gardening, the following botanical fir species are most often used:

European or white
Balsamic
Single color
Korean
Mountain or subalpine
Caucasian or Norman
Tall or tall
Spanish
Arnold

Some species have breeding varieties of different sizes, shapes and colors. Read more about those that are successfully used for landscaping parks, squares and personal plots.

European - Abies alba

Botanical synonyms of the species - P. white or P. comb. In nature, it is most often found in most of Europe.

Average life expectancy is 350 – 400 years. There are many known cases of long-lived fir trees, whose age is more than 700 years.

Average height - 50 m.

Crown diameter 7 - 8 m.

The bark is smooth, light gray.

Needles, 2.5 cm long, dark green in color. The underside of the plate has two longitudinal white stripes.

The size of the cones is 15 - 16 cm.

The species is distinguished by good winter hardiness, which gains strength as the tree matures. In particularly cold winters, young plants freeze over. For this reason, they need shelter.

Severely suffers in conditions of increased air pollution, even to the point of complete death. It is not found in mass plantings; it is easier to find the species in a botanical garden or in a well-groomed area where a professional works.

Balsamic – Abies balsamea

The natural habitat of the species is the North American continent in Canada and the USA.

The average duration of growth is 150-200 years.

Among the species, fir is considered a relatively short tree that grows up to 25 m.

It has a thick, cone-shaped crown.

The color of the smooth bark is pale gray shade. Non-sharp needles characteristic of fir, dark green above. On back side the plates are two thin whitish stripes.

When young cones appear, their color is dark purple, but when ripe it changes to light brown.

The fruits reach such sizes - length - 70 cm, diameter - 3 cm.

Frost resistance is superior to other types of fir.

The following selection forms are used in landscape design: