Height modern houses become more and more, but the weight of concrete blocks does not decrease. For this reason, even for domestic purposes, it would be a good idea to make a crane with your own hands. This design, naturally, will not have a large load capacity, approximately 200 kg. Of course, this is probably not the limit, but it’s better not to experiment. This crane is a completely prefabricated structure that weighs from 200 to 300 kg, so self-assembly such a crane will not cause any difficulties. In addition, this crane is very convenient to transport; it fits well in a Chinese pickup truck.
The cargo winch can be made from a worm gear with electric drive at 600 W, but the boom winch can be made from manual drive, organized through the same reducer.
You can use construction supports as a basis for outriggers on screw stops. To make drums for winches, you can use rotors from electric motors, and they should be selected according to size.
The mobile platform must be equipped with wheels that were previously on the conveyor trolley. This makes it possible to easily move the crane from one position to another; all that needs to be done is to remove the outriggers.
Removal and installation of these supports will take approximately five minutes. For this reason, the design can be considered quite mobile. However, there is a drawback: to move the crane you need to lower the boom to zero level, otherwise the crane may overturn due to imbalance.
Crane with his own hands he has a five-meter arrow made from a pipe Ø 7.5 cm, and square profile at the very base, made from a pair of corners. In addition, the crane has a portal to lift the boom, and a rotating mechanism, which is based on a hub from a truck.
As a counterweight, you can use a frame from a non-working machine complete with four caterpillar tracks, or just bricks. The winch does not include a brake, since the need to use it is a big question.
The turning mechanism also does not have a brake, since the crane is not designed to work with high speeds and therefore, the inertial forces are too small.
The thinnest metal used for this tap is approximately 3 mm. The outrigger and the base are, for the most part, made of a rectangular pipe, with dimensions 85 by 50 and 85 by 55. A 200 channel channel is used to make the base of the tower. The hook cage is equipped with a powerful bearing, which means that the rotation of the hook does not depend on the pulley. At the same time, during rotation, overlapping or twisting of the track is eliminated.
The length of the stop screws is 40 cm. This is the reason that the installation of the crane can be carried out even on extremely uneven surfaces.
Now about the wheels, not everything is so smooth here. It's about about a small flaw. The essence of the problem is that when using a crane with the described wheels on loose soil, the wheels burrow into the ground while moving, and if the soil is hard, then there are no problems. The described construction can be considered one-time use, this means that after you have completed necessary work, it should be disassembled for metal or until next time. It is for this reason that this design has little load capacity and is not durable.
A crane of this type can be manufactured in approximately three days, taking into account the fact that all the necessary components are prepared. The production of gearboxes was made from the first items that came to hand. The gearboxes have the following gear ratios: 1 to 30 and 1 to 35.
A three-phase motor is connected to a single-phase network. It has a shaft output of 600 W and capacitors with a capacity of 80 microfarads. The weight of all installations, if not taking into account counterweights, will be approximately 250 kg, with a relatively low cost. The bulk of the components used are borrowed from other designs; you only have to worry about purchasing cables and bearings.
After you make a crane with your own hands, you can easily lift 150 -200 kg, which is quite impressive considering that it is not intended for industrial scale.
A simpler version of the tap:
Any user of the site will agree with the statement that one of the most necessary things during construction is a crane. The steel hero becomes an indispensable assistant when there is a need to lift a large load.
A lifting mechanism is usually associated with a huge structure tens of meters high. However, in private house-building, when compact mechanisms for construction come to the fore, one needs an option with a boom length not exceeding 5-7 meters.
But renting it is not a cheap pleasure, especially if the construction lasts for more than one month.
In this case, there is only one way out - roll up your sleeves and build a homemade mini-crane with your own hands. And our forum members will help you with this!
How to make a homemade faucet
Saving on your own health and trying manually lift an unbearable load, especially if the construction of the house is carried out independently and without the involvement of hired labor work force, they don’t lead to any good. We have already told our readers. Now we are making a crane with our own hands to build a house called “ mini-pioneer."
"Pioneer" is a mobile collapsible design, with the help of which the load is lifted to a given height. So homemade the crane can be used when digging foundations and construction installation work ah on the construction of houses.
The basis of the mechanism is a supporting running frame, installed permanently or on a mobile chassis. The rotating part of the crane is mounted on the frame. The boom can be rotated manually or electrically. The crane design itself is made on a modular basis and can be disassembled into several parts for the convenience of moving the mechanism from one construction site to another.
The stability of the structure is ensured thanks to a counterweight and steel cable guys (turnbuckles), and the load is lifted using a winch and a block.
The experience of our forum member, who decided to build a mini “Pioneer” on his own, is interesting. He needed this construction mechanism to build a private house from timber.
Voldemort:
“I am almost single-handedly building a house from six-meter timber. It is impossible to lift and carry it alone. That is why I decided to assemble a mechanism in order to take the timber from the stack, place it at the sawing site and lift it to the plinth.
As the height of the building increases, our forum member plans to place a crane on the floor beams of the house.
A forum member assembled the frame from a corner 63x63x5 mm. The 5-meter-long boom was made from a pipe with a diameter of 50 mm. To strengthen the structure, two corners 30x30x3 mm were used. Also included in the plans Voldemora includes further extension of the boom by another 2 meters.
Voldemort:
– The lifting capacity of the mechanism is approximately 150 kg, but the design can lift more weight, and in order to achieve this, it is necessary to increase the multiplicity of pulleys.
Translated from Greek, Polyspaston means “tensioned by several ropes.” They call it a chain hoist construction device for lifting loads. It consists of several blocks connected to each other by a rope or cable that goes around the blocks in a circle. A pulley block allows you to lift a load with less effort than the weight of the load.
The simplest pulley allows you to get a three-fourfold gain in strength; we should not forget that friction losses are inevitable in this system. Even in best models blocks they reach 10%. And the more you gain in strength, the more the distance over which the equipment can move the load decreases.
Voldemort:
– It took me a week to make all the components and mechanisms. I spent another two days assembling and fine-tuning the mechanism. The swing drive and the boom lift drive are a six-fold manual pulley. The lifting drive is also a manual double chain hoist.
Voldemort notes that it would be much more convenient to control a mechanism with electric drives - to lift the load from a remote control on a long cord, as is done in industrial models. But in this case, the complexity of manufacturing all the mechanisms increases significantly, which will lead to an increase in the cost of the design and an increase in the time for manufacturing the crane.
The details of the device's manufacture are interesting.
Voldemort:
– As a turntable, I took two faceplates that I found at work. Basically, I assembled the mechanism from what was at hand. Instead of an axle, I welded a 30 mm bolt. I did not take a bolt made of high-strength steel, because such ones weld worse, do not stretch or bend, and immediately burst if their strength limit is exceeded.
All components of the device are lubricated with lithol.
To reduce the weight of the counterweight, the length of the support legs is 2 meters. When independently manufacturing and calculating the components of such a device, one point should be taken into account. The fact is that with a radius of the rotating faceplate of 200 mm and a distance of 2 meters to a counterweight weighing 100 kg, a tensile load of 1 ton acts on the central bolt. And this does not take into account the weight of the boom and the load being lifted!
It is also important to check the device for stability.
Voldemort:
– To begin with, let’s imagine that our crane is a single beam that rests on one support, and this support should be the shortest distance from the axis of rotation. Three forces act on the beam: the weight of the load, the weight of the counterweight and the mass of the mechanism. In order not to take into account the mass of the boom, I underestimated the weight of the crane by 50 kg. The calculation is approximate and simple, but it is better with it than without it at all.
Boom lift drum Voldemort Made from a tube with a diameter of 100 mm.
Voldemort:
– There is a nuance here - the drum cannot be placed close to the blocks. It needs to be shifted slightly along the axis towards the first block so that the second layer of cable is wound evenly.
A forum member made the blocks from three washers: two large and one small. All blocks are without bearings. It is important to ensure that the blocks bend well with the rope. That is, either the rope must be flexible, or the blocks must be of large diameter. Otherwise, when the boom is raised without load, the cables may fly out of the blocks.
Voldemort:
– My rope has a diameter of 12 mm, but it is very thick - there was simply no other way. If I extend the boom, I will install a more flexible cable with a diameter of 5 mm, because its working load is 150 kg, and its breaking load is 850 kg.
When designing block systems, it is important to understand how the chain hoist works and is calculated. Let's look at this using the example of a mini-pioneer.
Voldemort:
– The principle of operation of a pulley block is similar to the operation of a gearbox - you gain in strength, but lose in the length of the rope and, consequently, the speed of lifting the load.
In the gearbox main characteristic- this is the gear ratio, and in a chain hoist - the multiplicity, i.e. the ratio of all rope branches to those running off the drum. If we have 6 sections of rope, it means the chain hoist is six-fold.
This means that the pulling load on the drum will be 6 times less than the weight of the load, and the rope itself, if it is designed for 100 kg, then rolled 6 times, will lift 600 kg.
Do-it-yourself construction mini-cranes
The design turned out to be so successful that many of our users decided to repeat it and even give the crane mobility by placing it on a Gazelle.
Forum member with nickname plumag proposes using a similar mechanism with a higher load capacity and equipped with electric drives to install concrete pillars. And in order to be able to transport such an individual crane on public roads, make the structure collapsible and partially and completely install it in the body at the site of the intended work. This will allow short time recoup all costs associated with the manufacture of the device.
At FORUMHOUSE you can learn everything about self-help, and also get acquainted with the mini-pioneer. The portal discusses everything you need to know to make a faucet, from a concrete mixer to a pipe bender. Topics from forum members about making useful household items that will help you build.
Our video will tell you what tools you need to set up a carpentry workshop. See how to make A yourself in this tool, which will simplify work on your site near the country house.
Lifting machines are designed to help a person lift something heavy to a height. Most lifting mechanisms are based on simple system blocks - chain hoist. It was known to Archimedes, but now many people do not know about this brilliant invention. Remembering your physics course, find out how such a mechanism works, its structure and scope. Having understood the classification, you can begin to calculate. For everything to work out, here are instructions for constructing a simple model.
Block system - theory
The invention of the chain hoist gave a huge impetus to the development of civilizations. The block system helped build huge structures, many of which have survived to this day and puzzle modern builders. Shipbuilding also improved, and people were able to travel great distances. It's time to figure out what it is - a chain hoist and find out where it can be used today.
Simplicity and efficiency of the mechanism Structure of the lifting mechanism
A classic chain hoist is a mechanism that consists of two main elements: a pulley; flexible connection
The simplest scheme: 1 – movable block, 2 – fixed, 3 – rope Pulley is metal wheel, which has a special groove for the cable along the outer edge. An ordinary cable or rope can be used as a flexible connection. If the load is heavy enough, ropes made of synthetic fibers or steel ropes and even chains are used. To ensure that the pulley rotates easily, without jumping or jamming, roller bearings are used. All elements that move are lubricated.
One pulley is called a block. A pulley block is a system of blocks for lifting loads. The blocks in the lifting mechanism can be stationary (rigidly fixed) and movable (when the axis changes position during operation). One part of the pulley is attached to a fixed support, the other to the load. Movable rollers are located on the load side.
Fixed block The role of the stationary block is to change the direction of movement of the rope and the action of the applied force. The role of the mobile is to gain strength.
Movable block How it works - what's the secret?
The operating principle of a pulley block is similar to a lever: the force that needs to be applied becomes several times smaller, while the work is performed in the same volume. The role of the lever is played by the cable. In the operation of a chain hoist, the gain in strength is important, so the resulting loss in distance is not taken into account.
Depending on the design of the pulley, the gain in strength may vary. The simplest mechanism of two pulleys gives approximately a twofold gain, of three - threefold, and so on. The increase in distance is calculated using the same principle. To operate a simple pulley, you need a cable twice as long as the lifting height, and if you use a set of four blocks, then the length of the cable increases in direct proportion to four times.
Operating principle of the block system In what areas is the block system used?
Pulley hoist – faithful assistant in the warehouse, in production, in the transport sector. It is used wherever force needs to be used to move all kinds of loads. The system is widely used in construction.
Despite the fact that most of the heavy work is performed by construction equipment (cranes), the chain hoist has found a place in the design of load-handling mechanisms. The block system (pulley block) is a component of such lifting mechanisms as a winch, hoist, and construction equipment (various types of cranes, bulldozer, excavator).
In addition to the construction industry, pulleys are widely used in organizing rescue operations. The principle of operation remains the same, but the design is slightly modified. Rescue equipment is made of durable rope and carabiners are used. For devices of this purpose, it is important that the entire system is quickly assembled and does not require additional mechanisms.
Pulley hoist as part of a crane hook Classification of models according to different characteristics
There are many executions of one idea - a system of blocks connected by rope. They are differentiated depending on the method of application and design features. Get to know different types lifts, find out what their purpose is and how the device differs.
Classification depending on the complexity of the mechanism
Depending on the complexity of the mechanism, simple ones are distinguished; complex; complex chain hoists.
Example of even models A simple chain hoist is a system of series-connected rollers. All movable and fixed blocks, as well as the load itself, are combined by one cable. Even and odd simple pulleys are differentiated.
Even lifting mechanisms are those whose end of the cable is attached to a fixed support - a station. All combinations in this case will be considered even. And if the end of the rope is attached directly to the load or the place where the force is applied, this structure and all its derivatives will be called odd.
Odd chain hoist diagram A complex pulley system can be called a pulley system. In this case, not individual blocks are connected in series, but entire combinations that can be used on their own. Roughly speaking, in this case one mechanism sets in motion another similar one.
Combining a two-fold and six-fold simple chain hoist gives a complex six-fold version The complex chain hoist does not belong to one or the other type. His distinguishing feature– rollers moving towards the load. The complex model can include both simple and complex chain hoists.
Classification according to the purpose of the lift
Depending on what they want to get when using a chain hoist, they are divided into:
Power;
Express.
A – power version, B – high-speed The power option is used more often. As the name suggests, its task is to ensure a gain in strength. Since significant gains require equally significant losses in distance, losses in speed are also inevitable. For example, for a 4:1 system, when lifting a load one meter, you need to pull 4 meters of cable, which slows down the work.
The high-speed chain hoist, by its principle, is the reverse power structure. It does not give a gain in strength, its goal is speed. Used to speed up work at the expense of the applied effort.
Multiplicity is the main characteristic.
The main indicator that people pay attention to when organizing cargo lifting is the multiplicity of the pulley. This parameter conventionally indicates how many times the mechanism allows you to win in strength. In fact, the multiplicity shows how many branches of the rope the weight of the load is distributed over.
Kinematic ratio The multiplicity is divided into kinematic (equal to the number of kinks in the rope) and force, which is calculated taking into account the cable’s overcoming the friction force and the non-ideal efficiency of the rollers. The reference books contain tables that display the dependence of the power factor on the kinematic factor at different block efficiencies.
As can be seen from the table, the force multiplicity differs significantly from the kinematic one. With a low roller efficiency (94%), the actual gain in strength of a 7:1 pulley will be less than the gain of a six-fold pulley with a block efficiency of 96%.
Schemes of pulleys of different multiplicities How to make calculations for a chain hoist
Despite the fact that theoretically the design of a pulley hoist is extremely simple, in practice it is not always clear how to lift a load using blocks. How to understand what multiplicity is needed, how to find out the efficiency of the lift and each block separately. In order to find answers to these questions, you need to perform calculations.
Calculation of a separate block
The calculation of the chain hoist must be performed due to the fact that the working conditions are far from ideal. The mechanism is subject to frictional forces as a result of the movement of the cable along the pulley, as a result of the rotation of the roller itself, no matter what bearings are used.
In addition, flexible and pliable rope is rarely used on a construction site or as part of construction equipment. Steel rope or chain has much greater rigidity. Since bending such a cable when running against a block requires additional force, it must also be taken into account.
For the calculation, the moment equation for the pulley relative to the axis is derived:
SrunR = SrunR + q SrunR + Nfr (1)
Formula 1 shows the moments of such forces:
– Srun – force from the side of the escape rope;
– Srun – force from the oncoming rope;
– q Srun – force for bending/unbending the rope, taking into account its rigidity q;
– Nf – friction force in the block, taking into account the friction coefficient f.
To determine the moment, all forces are multiplied by the arm - the radius of the block R or the radius of the sleeve r.
The force of the approaching and escaping cable arises as a result of the interaction and friction of the rope threads. Since the force for bending/extension of the cable is significantly less than the others, when calculating the effect on the block axis, this value is often neglected:
N = 2 Srun×sinα (2)
In this equation:
– N – impact on the pulley axis;
– Srun – force from the oncoming rope (taken to be approximately equal to Srun;
– α – angle of deviation from the axis.
Pull block block Calculation of the useful action of the block
As you know, efficiency is the efficiency factor, that is, how effective the work performed was. It is calculated as the ratio of work completed and work expended. In the case of a pulley block, the formula is applied:
ηb = Srun/ Srun = 1/(1 + q + 2fsinα×d/D) (3)
In the equation:
– 3 ηb – block efficiency;
– d and D – respectively, the diameter of the bushing and the pulley itself;
– q – rigidity coefficient of flexible connection (rope); f – friction coefficient;
– α – angle of deviation from the axis.
From this formula it can be seen that the efficiency is affected by the structure of the block (through the f coefficient), its size (through the d/D ratio) and the rope material (q coefficient). The maximum efficiency value can be achieved using bronze bushings and rolling bearings (up to 98%). Sliding bearings will provide up to 96% efficiency.
The diagram shows all the forces S on different branches of the rope Lifting mechanism consists of several blocks. The total efficiency of the pulley is not equal arithmetic sum all individual components. For the calculation, they use a much more complex formula, or rather, a system of equations, where all forces are expressed through the value of the primary S0 and the efficiency of the mechanism:
– S1=ηп S0;
– S2=(ηп)2 S0; (- 4)
S3=(ηп)3 S0; ….
– Sn=(ηп)n S0.
Efficiency of a chain hoist at different magnificationsSince the efficiency value is always less than 1, with each new block and equation in the system, the value of Sn will rapidly decrease. The total efficiency of the pulley will depend not only on ηb, but also on the number of these blocks - the multiplicity of the system. Using the table, you can find ηп for systems with different numbers of blocks at different meanings Efficiency of each.
How to make a lift with your own hands
In construction, during installation work, it is not always possible to fit a crane. Then the question arises of how to lift the load with a rope. And here a simple chain hoist finds its application. For its production and full-fledged work you need to make calculations, drawings, choose the right rope and blocks.
Different schemes simple and complex lifts Preparation of the base - diagram and drawing
Before you start building a chain hoist with your own hands, you need to carefully study the drawings and choose a suitable scheme for yourself. You should rely on how it will be more convenient for you to place the structure, what blocks and cable are available.
It happens that the lifting capacity of the pulley blocks is not enough, and there is no time or opportunity to build a complex multiple lifting mechanism. Then double chain hoists are used, which are a combination of two single ones. This device can also lift the load so that it moves strictly vertically, without distortions.
Drawings of a dual model in different variations How to choose a rope and block
The most important role in building a chain hoist with your own hands is played by the rope. It is important that it does not stretch. Such ropes are called static. Stretching and deformation of a flexible connection causes serious losses in work efficiency. For a homemade mechanism, a synthetic cable is suitable; the thickness depends on the weight of the load.
The material and quality of the blocks are indicators that will provide homemade lifting devices design load capacity. Depending on the bearings that are installed in the block, its efficiency changes and this is already taken into account in the calculations.
But how can you lift a load to a height with your own hands and not drop it? To protect the load from possible reverse movement, you can install a special locking block that allows the rope to move only in one direction - the desired direction.
Roller along which the rope moves Step-by-step instruction for lifting loads through a block
When the rope and blocks are ready, the diagram has been selected, and the calculations have been made, you can begin assembly. For a simple double pulley you will need:
– roller – 2 pcs.;
– bearings;
– bushing – 2 pcs.;
– clip for the block – 2 pcs.;
- rope; hook for hanging cargo;
– slings – if they are needed for installation.
Carabiners are used for quick connection Step-by-step lifting of the load to a height is carried out as follows:
1. Connect the rollers, bushing and bearings. They combine all this into a clip. Get a block.
2. The rope is launched into the first block;
3. The holder with this block is rigidly attached to a fixed support ( reinforced concrete beam, pillar, wall, specially mounted outrigger, etc.);
4. Then the end of the rope is passed through the second block (movable).
5. A hook is attached to the clip.
6. The free end of the rope is fixed.
7. Sling the load being lifted and connect it to the pulley.
The homemade lifting mechanism is ready to use and will provide double the strength benefits. Now, to raise the load to a height, just pull the end of the rope. By bending around both rollers, the rope will lift the load without much effort.
Is it possible to combine a chain hoist and a winch?
If to homemade mechanism, which you will build according to these instructions, attach an electric winch, you will get a real crane, made by yourself. Now you don’t have to strain at all to lift the load; the winch will do everything for you.
Even a manual winch will make lifting the load more comfortable - you don’t need to rub your hands on the rope and worry about the rope slipping out of your hands. In any case, turning the winch handle is much easier.
Pulley hoist for winch In principle, even outside the construction site, the ability to hiking conditions With a minimum of tools and materials, building a basic pulley for a winch is a very useful skill. It will be especially appreciated by motorists who are lucky enough to get their car stuck somewhere in an impassable place. Made on a quick fix the pulley will significantly increase the performance of the winch.
Overestimate the importance of the chain hoist in development modern construction and mechanical engineering is difficult. Everyone should understand the principle of operation and visually imagine its design. Now you are not afraid of situations when you need to lift a load, but there is no special equipment. A few pulleys, a rope and ingenuity will allow you to do this without using a crane.
When building a house from aerated concrete, timber, brick, etc. There is often a need to lift a load. For example, you need to “throw” blocks or wooden beams to the second floor, lift bags of cement or pour an armored belt. Doing this manually, even with the help of assistants, is not so easy - health is more expensive. Hiring a truck crane or manipulator for a small amount of work is expensive. The solution is to use a mini-crane, which, to reduce the cost of construction, is made by hand.
- How to make a lift for laying aerated concrete.
- What parts and tools are needed to build a mini crane.
- How to reduce the costs of building a universal lift.
Lift for laying aerated concrete blocks
Abroad, during the construction of private houses, cranes and various lifts are often used. This way construction goes faster, which means the “box” is cheaper, because It is more profitable to use small-scale mechanization tools than to hire laborers. Our developer relies on himself and often builds a house “with one helmet.” Therefore, the urgent question is how not to physically overstrain yourself when laying a wall from aerated concrete blocks weighing 35-40 kg.
An interesting option for an unusual homemade “helper” user FORUMHOUSE with nickname Cross. First, let's show what he took as a basis.
German mini crane with retractable central post
A special feature of the lift is the original folding “arm-boom”, with the help of which the crane, moving on wheels, can reach two opposite walls.
Cross
I am building a house myself and in order to be able to put aerated concrete blocks, built a lift according to the above model. The crane was made completely collapsible, except for the base. I didn’t measure the maximum load on the hook, but it easily lifts me (weighing 95 kg).
Technical characteristics of the lift:
- width – 2200 mm;
- height – 4200 mm;
- boom radius – 4200 mm;
- lifting capacity electric hoist– up to 800 kg;
- total weight crane with ballast - approximately 650 kg;
- lift weight without ballast – about 300 kg;
- maximum height lifting block for masonry – 3500 mm.
The working height of lifting blocks is adjustable in two ranges. The first is 1750 mm. The second is 3.5 m, for which the structure rises, sliding upward along the supporting “legs” using hydraulic jack lined with spacers made of GB blocks.
To make the lift, the user needed:
- swivel wheels;
- profile pipes for a mast, “legs” and boom with a section of 12x12 cm, 12x6 cm, wall 6 mm;
- pipe-jibs – 63x3 mm;
- powerful gate hinges;
- swivel mechanism the booms are made of ST45 steel and “205” bearings.
During operation, the design was modified. For example, the user laid the cable for the winch in a corrugated pipe and extended the cable for the control panel.
Cross
The design has a number of shortcomings that I would like to correct. For example, I’m thinking about making wireless control, replacing the gate hinges with bearings. Increase the number of “joints” in the boom at the same reach. Instead of a temporary counterweight - bags of sand concrete, pour concrete ballast.
Important nuance: so that the lift can move along construction site or, for example, by concrete slab second floor ceilings need to be supported workplace clean, because GB fragments and debris interfere with the relocation of the tap.
The design of the unusual lift attracted the interest of portal users.
Konstantin Y. Member of FORUMHOUSE
With such a lift, I think, as they do in Germany, you need to make masonry from blocks larger than standard ones. The length and height are 2-3 times greater than a regular GB. The crane has enough lifting capacity, and the laying speed will increase significantly.
According to Cross, he heard that someone on the portal had already tried to order blocks of 1x0.4x0.6 m format from a gas silicate manufacturer. But it turned out that this was not profitable for the plant, because it is necessary to reconfigure the line for the production of GB, and for the sake of a small volume (to a regular a private house) will not do this.
Vegaroma FORUMHOUSE Member
I'm wondering: is the work on site easier when using a crane? What work can be done with it and what cannot?
Cross
There is no need to install scaffolding when laying GB walls. The lift can be assembled and disassembled. I poured the concrete lintels over the windows the old fashioned way, from buckets, because... The volume is small, and it’s easier to do it with one assistant.
Grand total: The mini-crane turned out to be successful, and with some modifications to its design, the lift can be put into small-scale production.
Mini crane made from scrap metal
Another option lifting mechanism made from metal “lying underfoot” by a portal member with the nickname Peter 1.
According to Peter 1, The reason for building a crane is that the house is getting higher and higher, and the blocks and concrete are getting heavier. Therefore, after revising the “unnecessary things”, the user manufactured a completely dismountable crane with a lifting capacity of 200 kg.
Peter 1
I think my crane can lift more, but I didn’t overload it. The crane can be disassembled into parts weighing 30-60 kg and can be easily transported in a trailer passenger car. I carry an arrow on the trunk. Statically tested a structure weighing 400 kg. I usually lift up to 150 kg. This is quite enough for my construction needs.
At one time, the crane, with a boom reach of 5 m, lifts 10 blocks weighing 15 kg each, or four 15-liter buckets of solution.
The design of the crane is a hodgepodge of what was at hand. Let's list the main details:
- swivel unit - truck hub;
The hub from cars, trucks and agricultural machinery is often used to make a swivel assembly in homemade taps. The main thing is to calculate the loads acting on it and the fasteners.
- the boom is made of a pipe with a diameter of 75 mm;
- outriggers and base - a rectangular pipe with a section of 8x5 and 8.5x5.5 cm;
- the base of the tower is the “200th” channel;
- worm gearboxes for boom and cargo winches.
- three-phase electric motor with reverse, power 0.9 kW, converted to power from a 220 V network;
The crane turned out to be mobile, and by lowering the boom, it can be moved from place to place, rolling on wheels along compacted soil. Level adjustment is carried out using screw supports.
Metal, gearboxes and rollers were purchased at a recycled metal shop. Only the cable and bearings are new.
The weight of the crane without counterweight is about 250 kg. Cost of construction, taking into account the purchase of consumables - cutting discs for angle grinders, electrodes for welding inverter and paints - 4 thousand rubles.
Peter 1
Crane, + time for turning, + selection of components and fitting of components, I completed it in 3 working days. In the future, after finishing the work, I will completely disassemble it.
Inexpensive mini lift
Practice shows that when building a private house, a real crane is not always needed. Often, a developer can get by with “little expense” and make a small lift based on an electrically driven hoist.
Gexx FORUMHOUSE Member
My design is simpler than the authors above, but it suits me quite well. I bought a hoist with a load capacity of 300 kg without a block and 600 kg with a block. Tests have shown that the device can lift a load weighing 250-270 kg, then the engine protection is triggered. During the construction season, I used it to lift about 40 pallets of building blocks, 6-meter timber for the mauerlat, rafters, mortar for masonry and concrete for the reinforced belt.
The lift, again to save money, is made from used pipes, angles and channels.
The weight of objects can be such that one, or even five people, cannot move them manually, but it is necessary. In such cases it will be useful homemade device for lifting or moving heavy objects. A hand winch is the most popular device in this business. It’s not at all difficult to make a manual winch for a garage with your own hands, even at home. But first you need a calculation and a drawing of the mechanism.
What the pulley for lifting loads and the construction crane have in common is the use of the idea of increasing force - the rule of leverage. In order to balance the load on the short side of the lever, you need to apply less force to its long side to the extent that the short arm is less than the long one. The ratio of forces at the ends of the lever is called the gear ratio.
You can balance and even lift a weight with an effort less than its weight, but the path made by the end of a long lever will be longer than that of a short one, just as less force was applied to lift it. There is no gain in work (F1*L1=F2*L2), but this is not required.
The use of Archimedes' principle is implemented in different lifting mechanisms, and how depends on the purpose of the lift. Designs differ in gear ratio, principle of force transfer, mobility, strength, and energy used. Most popular for self-made kinds:
- chain hoists;
- drum structures;
- lever mechanism.
To select the type of device required for specific works, it is worth familiarizing yourself with their capabilities and limitations.
The only simpler device for moving heavy objects is a metal scrap. Main element- a wheel with a chamfer in the middle of the outer surface, the axis of which is fixed to ceiling beam. You can throw a hoist over it, and the lift with a gear ratio of 1 to 1 is ready. To increase the leverage, let's pass the hoist through another loose wheel, the axis of which is connected to the load, and fix the hoist at the top of the structure.
The gear ratio will become equal to 2. Now let's attach another wheel to the ceiling, and pass the end of the hoist through it, securing it to the axis of the lower wheel. The gear ratio will become equal to 3. And so on, by adding one wheel at a time and changing the mounting location of the hoist, you can increase the gear ratio.
The location of the wheels relative to each other may be different.
The most compact designs are those with single-axle wheels. The design of such devices has two wheel holders. Having studied the drawings of the chain hoist, it will not be difficult to assemble it with your own hands. You will need two clips:
The end of the hoist is fixed to one of the clips.
Pulley hoists also have disadvantages. To increase the gear ratio by 1, you need to add one wheel each time, as a result the weight of the mechanism increases. In addition, bending the cable on each wheel requires force, reducing the efficiency of the device. You can reduce these losses by increasing the diameter of the wheels, but at the same time there will be an increase in the weight and dimensions of the pulley. Other types of lifts do not have these disadvantages.
The principle of operation of winches resembles simple lever, fixed at a fulcrum. If the short arm of the lever is the surface of the cylinder, and the load is attached to it by a cable, you will get a winch with a gear ratio equal to the ratio of the length of the lever and the radius of the cylinder. To prevent reverse rotation, a ratcheting mechanism with a spring-loaded pawl is installed on the axis - a ratchet. You can assemble such a hand winch with your own hands according to the drawing:
However, the high gear ratio of the system will require a very long handle, which is inconvenient. The solution is found in two types of drum winches, which increase the gear ratio using gears or a worm gear.
How to make a winch with your own hands using a worm gear can be seen in the drawing:
A ratchet is not needed in this design; the gear ratio, when the worm flange passes over each gear tooth, is equal to the number of gear teeth multiplied by the ratio of the length of the handle to the radius of the worm. But a significant disadvantage will be the friction between the teeth and the comb. The mechanism requires constant lubrication.
A gearbox made of gears operates with much less friction. Using the principle of transmitting force through a pair of gears different diameters The easiest way to make a manual drum winch with your own hands is this:
Please note that a stopper is required in such devices. This design is used when low altitude or the length of the load movement. A cable guide will help increase the movement distance by evenly distributing the cable along the length of the cylinder. The easiest way to get the result is to use a spring-loaded plate or rod that presses the cable to the drum:
The most popular use for lever jacks is as a car jack. As universal device it is used less frequently, since the lifting height is small and limited.
The lifting of the load occurs as a result of repeated small movements of the platform between fixed positions on the rail. IN household rarely finds use. Positive quality lever systems are reliable and durable.
At home, you can use improvised materials and ready-made transfer units. For example, the ratchet used in a KAMAZ vehicle to equalize the braking force is a ready-made worm gear mechanism.
You can get rid of manual lifting for a long time if you assemble the motorized winch system with your own hands for work once. To do this, you need to put a gear on the winch drive axis, connecting it with a chain to the chainsaw drive sprocket on a rigid housing structure.
Combining block mechanisms with drum winches, you can work by compensating for the shortcomings of each type of lift. For example, pulley hoists do not provide a lock that prevents reverse movement of the hoist, but drum swans eliminate this very simply. But the angle between the lifting force vector and the weight vector of the pulley can be almost anything, which winches cannot boast of.
You can use purchased lifts on the farm, but, as a rule, winches are needed where stores are far away - and always urgently. It's worth looking in the garage for some parts to get out of the situation.
