Despite the availability of high-tech methods for heating buildings and structures, developers often choose stove heating. The reason for this is the insecurity of many settlements natural energy sources.
In the absence of natural gas pipelines in private homes, developers in most cases use stove heating. This solution will also be most beneficial when operating temporary buildings - cabins, warehouses, workshops. Sometimes a stove or fireplace is made in addition to the main heating system.
Features of using stoves
The main feature of stove heating is the frequency of combustion. This means that for some time such a system requires human participation in technological process. This participation is expressed in carrying out work on bringing fuel, starting (igniting) the furnace, and removing residual combustion products (ash). As a rule, the time required to perform these actions is small compared to the duration of the technological period (the time from the start of the fire to the start of the next fire).
The second distinctive feature is the mandatory location of the stove in a heated room, and this requires compliance with increased requirements for the fire safety condition of the building and for ventilation.
The furnace is laid out of stone or brick. These materials absorb heat during combustion, releasing it within a few hours. To increase the cooling time, a damper is built into the chimney to close it.
Note! The installation location of the damper should be as high as possible in order to use the heat of the furnace more efficiently. However, this height is limited by the possibility of convenient opening and closing.
There are stoves for temporarily heating rooms. They are small and light, heat up very quickly and cool quickly after the fire is stopped. Such stoves are called potbelly stoves.
Positive sides
The use of stoves for heating houses has long story. They are still often used due to many advantages that are not available to modern heaters:
- complete autonomy and independence from external factors if there is a supply of fuel. To operate such heating there is no need for electricity, gas, or water;
- the cost of installing furnaces is several times lower than the cost of installing equipment for using other types of heating;
- the frequency of the process and the availability of firewood in some regions, coupled with its low price, make this type of heating economical.
If you have sufficient skills, it is possible to do stove heating for a private home yourself. In its design, most often there is no liquid coolant, which is used as water. This makes it possible to stop the combustion process for a long time and resume it at any time, regardless of any conditions. The last factor is most relevant for buildings with temporary presence of people, for example, for dachas, garden houses. However, water heating can be added if desired by installing pipes and radiators.
When installing a furnace, it is possible various options execution. At the stage of construction of the stove, you can make it in the form of a fireplace, provide in the design of stove beds, dryers, stoves, and build in tanks for heating water.
Flaws
Along with many positive points Of course, there are also negative sides to using stove heating.
The initial launch requires a significant amount of time. It will take some more time to warm up the furnace array until it begins to give off heat inside the building.
Note! Fireplaces, whose open firebox generates infrared radiation that quickly warms up the volume of the room, do not have this last drawback.
Stove heating requires human intervention to operate. It is almost impossible to automate the process. The stove heating system has low efficiency. Its increase is facilitated by an increase in the length of the smoke channels - revolutions, an increase in the outer surface, as well as correct position chimney dampers during the combustion process. Firewood must be prepared in advance to ensure drying.
A good stove should be massive and have a fairly large volume. Moreover, this entire volume should be located inside the building, reducing the usable area of the rooms. The decision to install stove heating should be made at the building design stage, since stoves very often require a foundation.
Types of stove heating
In addition to traditional stove heating, which heats rooms using infrared radiation emanating from the stove body, there are also options that additionally use physical laws to increase efficiency.
Water heat exchangers
The first type involves integrating a water heat exchanger into the firebox, which is connected to a circuit with heating devices– radiators, registers, heated towel rails. This method significantly increases heating efficiency and allows you to heat even those rooms that are far from the stove and even separated from it by partitions. In addition, this method solves the problem of uneven heating of the room.
Radiators can be installed under window openings, thereby eliminating the possibility of creating cold air currents. This type of heating, similar to heating from a solid fuel boiler, is also convenient because after finishing the fire, the stove retains heat for a long time, ensuring natural circulation in the water circuit. Efficiency increases due to the fact that hot streams from burning fuel give off heat not only to the walls of the stove and chimney, but also heat the coolant in the heat exchanger. Therefore, much less heat escapes into the pipe.
Increased air circulation
The second option is based on the phenomenon of convection, with the help of which the air in the premises is given a circulation movement. This is accomplished by installing through inclined channels in the furnace body that are not related to the volume of the firebox. Sometimes additional channels are installed to ensure air circulation, structurally separated from the smoke channels. Air, heated in such channels, enters the room through the upper hole, while less heated air is drawn into the lower hole.
The speed of air movement will depend on the difference between the temperatures of the inlet and outlet flows. Convective air movement is formed in the room, providing quick and uniform heating. If you think through and correctly design such a system in advance, then heated air through air ducts can be supplied to different rooms, not in contact with the furnace volume.
Water circuit diagram
The water circuit is built into either the firebox, or into the hood or smoke channels. All options are effective, but in a hood or in smoke ducts the heat exchanger will be subject to less thermal loads and therefore its service life will be longer. Service life plays an important role here, because to replace the heat exchanger you will have to disassemble the stove and chimney.
The pipe layout for the water circuit is similar to the layout for a solid fuel boiler. It is necessary to place the pipe connecting the heat exchanger with the supply line slightly higher than the one that connects to the return line.
Important! For efficient work In a water circuit with natural coolant circulation, the heat exchanger should be located 40-50 cm below the radiators, otherwise the latter will have a temperature insufficient to warm up the internal volume.
The thing is that circulation is possible only if the temperature on the return line is significantly lower than the supply temperature. A radiator located at the same height as the heat exchanger will simply be cold, and the coolant will still cool in the pipes.
If there are only one or two radiators in the circuit and they are located in the same room, the last statement can be neglected. But in the case when a large country house is heated using this type, it is necessary to take into account radiators.
If the house is two-story, you can, for example, place a stove with a heat exchanger on the first floor, and heat the second floor using radiators included in the water circuit. If the house is low-rise and it is impossible to place the stove below the radiator installation level, it is necessary to provide for the installation of an electric circulation pump in the return line directly in front of the stove. In this case, the stove heating system turns out to be dependent on the performance of the house’s power supply system.
Brick oven
Traditionally, heating stoves in private homes are made of brick. This material allows you to obtain any shape and configuration. The Russian stove is the most obvious example of such a structure. It consists of a body with a large firebox, which is cleaned and closed after combustion and was previously used for cooking. The temperature allowed cooking as in a modern oven.
Sometimes a cooking stove is made of brick, connected by a chimney to the stove. The stove is covered with a cast iron plate with concentric rings.
Additional information: the simplest brick heating stove is laid out vertically, with a direct chimney. Such ovens are also called Dutch ovens. Their efficiency is low, since hot air simply rises and exits through the pipe. But thanks to small temperature losses flue gases these stoves can heat two rooms at once, located one above the other.
To improve heat transfer, two or three smoke revolutions are provided. To do this, a shield is laid out, inside of which there are smoke channels. At the bottom of each of them there is a closing hole for cleaning.
When constructing brick stoves, it is imperative to provide waterproofing of the casing from the foundation. The first two or three rows must be laid out from burnt bricks. It is recommended to line the firebox inside with refractory bricks.
Cast iron stove
Cast iron stoves can also be used in buildings for space heating. The advantage over brick stoves is that cast iron stoves can be installed without a special foundation, even on an interfloor ceiling. Cast iron warms up quite quickly and does not cool down for a long time.
Prices for cast iron stoves are low; almost anyone can install one. As a result, the final cost of heating using cast iron stove much lower than brick.
A cast iron stove also has disadvantages. It must be installed at a distance of at least a meter from the walls in a wooden or frame house. Such stoves cannot be built into partitions, so only one room in the building can be heated.
Self-installation
For self-made stove heating, it is necessary to think through everything in advance to the smallest detail, so that you do not have to solve unforeseen problems later. Need to calculate thermal power future furnace, the amount of material required.
Where to place
If you plan to install a brick stove in a house under construction, you need to determine its location on the plan so that it can heat as much as possible. large area. The ideal location would be approximately in the center of the house at the junction of several partitions. In this case, the chimney will be able to heat the premises of the second floor or attic.
For more efficient heating of rooms top floor holes are provided in the ceiling for the circulation of heated air. There must be at least two such holes in the ceiling within one room - one near the stove, the other on the opposite side.
Material selection
Well-fired solid clay bricks are used to construct the furnace. It is possible to use ordinary building solid bricks made of clay, provided that the firebox is lined with refractory bricks. The masonry mortar is made from oily clay with the addition of fine sand.
The part of the chimney located above the roof level must be made of sand-lime brick on cement mortar. The temperature of the flue gases in this area of the chimney is already low, and exposure to heat and atmospheric moisture (as well as exposure to wind and precipitation) will quickly destroy the clay brick.
For the manufacture of doors, grates, and valves, finished cast iron products are used, produced at enterprises specializing in the production of such products.
Important Details
When installing furnaces, it is necessary to provide many important points. Here are some of them:
- Bricks must be soaked in water before laying to improve adhesion to the mortar;
- for grates, doors, cast iron kitchen stove it is necessary to leave gaps of 0.5-1.0 cm around the perimeter of the product. These gaps are needed to compensate for the difference in temperature expansion of metal and brick;
- the cross-section of the smoke channels must be strictly observed and their narrowing must not be allowed;
- Metal cannot be used either to reinforce the masonry or to cover the furnace. With a fivefold difference in the coefficient of thermal expansion, the furnace will quickly collapse. The stove must be covered with a brick vault.
With properly installed stove heating, a well-insulated building will not require frequent heating, and staying in such a house will be comfortable, and its operation will be economical.
Universal gasification and the development of technology, it seemed, should have made stoves obsolete as a means of heating a home. But the high cost of gas supply, equipment and installation gave new life to stove heating.
Collapse
There is a lot of firewood in Russia, heating technologies have been significantly modernized. To save money, a reasonable solution is to build a brick stove with a water circuit for heating, with your own hands.
Principle of operation
In addition to the stove, the heating element of the system with a water circuit is a heat exchanger, which is built into the firebox or chimney. The water passing through the register is heated and then enters the pipes and radiators, releasing heat. Due to the temperature difference at the inlet and outlet of the heat exchanger, the liquid circulates in the circuit.
For optimal performance A circular pump is built into the system, which allows the heated liquid to be more evenly distributed throughout the pipes.
The water circuit must be pressed out and air removed. When water heats up, it increases in volume and to prevent the system from exploding, it is necessary to provide an expansion barrel. When using contour closed type, the reservoir can be anywhere in open system The expansion barrel is installed as high as possible.
To relieve pressure in the system, it must be equipped with an automatic air vent to release excess gases from the coolant and a safety valve. The devices can be combined into a security complex by including a pressure gauge.
Thus, if you include a long-burning wood-burning brick stove with a water circuit in your home heating system, you can significantly save on heating costs.
Important! The presence of a water circuit must be taken into account at the design stage of the heating system in the house.
Advantages and disadvantages
Designs with a built-in heat exchanger have many advantages:
- The system is energy efficient and economical. Brickwork will not require serious financial investments, the costs for pipes and radiators will be in any case, and the heat exchanger is an order of magnitude cheaper than ready-made boilers. When operating a stove, the cost of heating the house will be several thousand rubles for the purchase of firewood for the winter period.
- The design of a brick stove hides unsightly elements; if desired, a fireplace or decor can be added to the system.
- Heating of the room does not depend on the location of the structure; radiators can be installed anywhere
- A brick stove takes a long time to cool down; the water circuit will remain hot for several hours after the wood burns out.
Some publications include the possibility of installing it in a ready-made furnace as an advantage of the water circuit system, which is possible in principle, but in practice this option is associated with big amount problems to be solved.
Disassembling and subsequent reassembly of the stove is the most necessary thing that will have to be done. The cost of correcting an incorrectly installed register is comparable to the cost of a new stove, so contact professionals for such work. 
The disadvantage of this design is a continuation of its advantages; in order to make a stove with heat exchangers yourself, experience is required, both in laying bricks and in installing heating systems. If experience comes with age and the amount of material studied, then when building a furnace with a water circuit, its disadvantages should be taken into account:
- The fireplace is a fire hazard; it is necessary to take measures to prevent fire from reaching flammable objects;
- The stove takes up a significant area of the house, design the rooms in advance, include a large heating system in the design of the room;
- The temperature near the stove will always be higher than in the rest of the room;
- The heating process of the oven cannot be stopped instantly. If you are using a closed loop system with a circulation pump, turning off the electricity (even briefly for a few minutes) and stopping the pump will cause the water in the heat exchanger to boil. To avoid this, provide a combined system for water movement in the circuit.
- If the heating system is not used regularly, the water must be drained, which leads to premature wear of the entire structure. Otherwise, the water will freeze, which will lead to the destruction of the entire complex of devices.
- You cannot light the stove without water in the circuit. This will destroy the register and reconstruct the furnace to use the furnace in summer time, not "including" the battery apply original designs installation of heat exchangers.
- There is a risk of carbon monoxide poisoning, as with all solid fuel heating products, Special attention needs to be given correct production chimney.
Make it at home heating system based on a furnace with a heat exchanger and batteries - economical profitable solution, but design and construction must be approached competently, taking into account all the nuances of the work.
Stages of work
Creating a heating structure with a water circuit consists of several stages:
- System design, determining the location of the furnace, pipes and radiators, calculating the power of the heat exchanger.
- Manufacturing (purchase) of a register.
- Laying a furnace with simultaneous installation of a heat exchanger.
- Installation of the water circuit, including pipes, radiators, security system.
- System check.
Let's look at some stages of construction in more detail.
About the heat exchanger
When building a brick stove with a water heating boiler with your own hands, you should take into account many factors and calculate the project as a whole. Any type of materials and structures have their advantages and disadvantages.
There are several ways to install a water register in a furnace:
Depending on the location, choose the material for the heat exchanger and its shape:
- Copper - effective due to the high thermal conductivity of the metal, but due to the low melting point of copper, constant circulation of water in the system is necessary;
- Steel - heat-resistant steel with a wall thickness of 4-5 mm is used for boilers. For long service steel structures It is not recommended to drain water from them.
- Stainless steel is expensive, but most suitable material for the boiler. The only disadvantages include the complexity of manufacturing.
When choosing the type of material and installation location of the heat exchanger, it is worth remembering that by placing the water circuit in the fireplace, in the summer the entire system will heat up; to avoid this, you will have to remove separate batteries to remove excess heat.
When installing a heat exchanger in the chimney, additional dampers are added to the stove design, which do not heat the boiler during summer operation of the stove. It should be taken into account that the heat exchanger must be larger in volume than when built into the fireplace. In addition, the boiler should not reduce the throughput of the smoke channels.
Calculation of power and dimensions
For normal heating of the room, it is necessary to correctly calculate the register area and its power. For a brick kiln, an approximate calculation is sufficient; it is impossible to make an exact calculation due to many factors and variables.
It is known from practice that heating 10 m2 of space requires 1-1.5 kW of energy. From one square meter of heat exchanger you can get 5-10 kW. To determine the register power more accurately, you need to consider:
- Location of the coil in the furnace;
- Type of fuel - wood, coal. When burned, wood produces less thermal energy.
- Approximate temperature in the hearth and location of the heat exchanger;
- Average water temperature throughout the entire circuit;
- The heat transfer coefficient of the material from which the coil is made.
As the fuel burns, the power of the heat exchanger will decrease, so it is better to increase the calculated coil area by 10-15%.
Construction of a heating and cooking furnace with a water circuit with your own hands
You can make stove heating in a private house yourself, the main thing is to carefully read the recommendations and carefully and consistently carry out all types of work. First of all, you should choose suitable option, the stove can be equipped with a hob, fireplace, stove bench and drying rack. It all depends on the size of the room and functionality.
Consumables
To manufacture the structure, excluding the chimney and foundation, you will need:
- Solid red brick – 710 pcs.
- Fireclay fire-resistant brick – 71 pcs.
- Fire door 210x250 – 1 pc.
- Blower door 140x250 – 1 pc.
- Ash pan door 140x140 – 7 pcs.
- Grate 250x300 – 2 pcs.
- Cast iron hob 710x410 – 1 pc.
- Steel heat exchanger 750x500x350 – 1 pc.
- Furnace valve 130x250 – 1 pc.
- Gate valve for cooking chamber 130x130 – 1 pc.
- Steel strip 50x5x400 – 1 pc., 50x5x980 – 3 pcs.
- Steel corner 50x50x980 wall 5 – 2 pcs.
- Pre-furnace sheet 500x1000.
Diagram and dimensions of the future furnace
Characteristics of the heating and cooking structure with a register:
- Oven dimensions length/width/height 1020x1160x2380mm
- Heat exchanger size 750x500x350 mm, material - sheet steel, wall 5 mm inside the hearth, external - 3 mm.
- The register power is 5.5 kW when laying firewood 2 times a day, which is enough to heat 60 m2, the power can be increased during active operation to 18 kW when used forced circulation the heated area reaches 200 m2.
Photo of the oven:
Description of the masonry of a furnace with a water circuit
Work must begin with, then prepare necessary materials, both for the construction of the furnace and for the water circuit system.
Important! The heat exchanger must be pressure tested before installation.
In accordance with the order of the heating furnace with a water circuit, the laying and installation of devices is carried out.
Scheme of laying a furnace with a water heating boiler:
- The first row of bricks is laid out; it is important to prevent distortions, both in the horizontal and vertical planes. The masonry should be rectangular, in the future this will affect the entire structure.
- The second row begins to form the ash part, a 140x250 blower door is installed.
- Third row according to the pattern (repeat).
- The fourth row forms the hearth, for which fireclay bricks are used; grooves are made in the bricks to install the grate. The grate is installed with a gap of 5 mm, then the boiler (water circuit) is installed.
- The fifth row is placed with a gap of 5-6 mm from the boiler, leaving free space behind the heat exchanger. Two ash pan doors are installed.
- The firebox door and the sixth row of bricks are installed, the horizontal and rear channels are separated. For better traction on the fifth row, the channels should be combined.
- Rows 7 and 8 are laid out according to the pattern, yellow fireclay brick is indicated.
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- On the ninth row, a gap must be left near the exhaust pipe. The two halves of the fireclay brick above the door are cut off. The horizontal channel is divided into two parts. On the same row, ¾ fireclay bricks cut obliquely are installed.
- On the tenth row, the bricks are laid perpendicularly, the space above the heat exchanger decreases.
- On the eleventh row, the masonry from the ends of the stove is done inward, grooves are made for the hob. Installation of a cast iron hob, the gaps should be 5 mm and a steel corner.
- A cooking chamber is formed (row 12).
- Row 13 according to the pattern.
- On the 14th row, an ash door is installed, the channel increases to its entire length.
- Row 15 is similar, taking into account the dressing of the seams.
- on the 16th row, the cooking chamber is blocked using a corner and a steel strip 50x5x980.
- On the 17th row, the overlap of the cooking chamber is completed.
- on the 18th row it is necessary to install two steel strips 50*5*980. Laying as in the diagram.
- The 19th row covers the cooking dome, a hole for the hood remains in half a brick, and grooves for the valve are made in the adjacent bricks. A 130x130 valve is installed.
- Row 20 is the base of the upper flues; four ash doors are installed at the same time.
- The 21st and 22nd rows continue the formation of partitions.
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Construction proper heating– this is a very responsible process. The issue of heating houses in the private sector is becoming particularly acute. Owners of such real estate are considering the possibility of using a large list of equipment that can be purchased in the store.
Stove heating at home
The most common types of heating are stove heating in a private house with ordinary water heating. But technology does not stand still, and new solutions appear all the time, with improved functionality and convenience.
In pursuit of convenience, people try to choose systems that combine best quality. There is nothing strange that stove heating at home along with a water circuit has become very popular.
Modern heat sources of this type distribute the temperature evenly throughout the room and have good performance characteristics, and, therefore, consume fuel more economically.
In this article we will talk about such equipment, look at its photos and videos, and reveal the details of its operation and creation.
Features of operation and device
Traditional heating with a Russian stove has one significant drawback - uneven heating of the building. When using such equipment, it will be very hot near the stove, but the further you move away from it, the less heated the rooms become. Because of this, in Rus' all life in the house was centered around the stove.
Heat generators with a water heating circuit stand out against the background of an ordinary Russian stove. In this case, the operation of the stove can be compared with Using such a water circuit leads to uniform heating of all rooms in the building.
Important. One significant difference from solid fuel sources is that in addition to heating the coolant, the walls are heated through special channels through which flue gases pass. They also participate in heating the room. In addition, when heat transfer occurs from the battery to the room air, thermal radiation also occurs from the boiler firebox and its heated walls.
Such water-heated generators have become very popular in villages and dachas. This is explained by the fact that gas pipelines are not connected to them and people have no choice but to create a house with stove heating. IN country houses such sources are also widely used, this fact can be explained by their convenience and simplicity, cost-effectiveness and the need for small capital investments.
The cost of factory-made boilers will cost you a good amount, so heating your home with a stove with a water circuit is the best option for a low budget.
Registers for furnaces with a heating system
A register is an ordinary coil that is installed in the furnace firebox or the beginning of the chimney. Thanks to it, it becomes possible to connect a water heating system.
There are many different designs of such elements. They are made from metal pipes or sheet steel. The main requirement is a metal thickness of at least three millimeters, and ideally five. Sheet steel is popular because it is easier to work with.
Important. A correctly made register should work in such a way as to correctly perform maximum heat transfer to water (coolant), as well as high-quality circulation.
An important fact is that coils made of sheet steel can be easily cleaned from combustion products formed during operation. The disadvantage is that they have a small heating area, while pipe registers, on the contrary, have a large heat exchange surface.
To make such a coil, you can seek help from a professional welder who has knowledge of such equipment. But if you are good “friends” with welding machine, then you can do all the work yourself.
You can also independently prepare all the components of such a coil, and resort to the help of a welder for welding work. This way you will save monetary resources and you will be confident in the quality of the work.
Types of stoves with a water circuit
Such equipment is manufactured in two variations:
- An already installed stove is taken and a coil is installed in it. This variation is considered the most labor-intensive, and therefore is used less often. This is due to the fact that when making a coil you need to rely on the existing dimensions of the firebox;
- The heat source is laid out independently, according to the dimensions of the register. A correctly built stove will be your guarantee that it will last a long time and be reliable. It is imperative to ensure that inner dimensions shirts started from 4-5 centimeters.
If you “close your eyes” to this fact, then the water in it will begin to boil. This is even more likely when there is poor water circulation. Installing a pump can correct this drawback. The heat exchanger wall must be at least five millimeters; if it is smaller, the register will simply burn out and will need to be replaced. To replace it, you will need to disassemble the oven floor, so the cost of such carelessness will be high.
The thickness of the walls directly depends on the type of fuel used, or rather on its calorific value. So, for example, if you only heat with wood, then you can do less than three millimeters, but if you heat with coal, then it is better to take five millimeters.
In the latter case, it is necessary to create a gap between the register and the wall; it should be within one to two centimeters. This is done in order to level out the thermal expansion of the metal, thereby maintaining its integrity.
Flaws
In this section we will look at the disadvantages of such equipment:
- The register reduces the volume of the firebox. But this disadvantage can be minimized if you correctly calculate the width of the stove and heat exchanger. If the latter is installed in a ready-made stove, then you need to add fuel more often. Install the coil into the finished oven, perhaps only partially disassembling it. The disassembly process itself must be carried out efficiently so as not to spoil the bricks; To operate such equipment, periodic human intervention is required;
- No automatic adjustment capabilities;
- Periodic cleaning of the heat exchanger, as it becomes contaminated with soot and ash.
The appearance of such heating
Such heating operates on the same principle as conventional solid fuel heating. The difference is that the heat exchanger is located higher and this must be remembered when installing pipelines. The layout of a house with stove heating should also take this into account.
It is mandatory to install an expansion tank at the top of the system, which ensures the integrity of the system. During the installation of the pipelines themselves, their slopes must be taken into account; if this point is not observed, a pump will be required. It can also be installed to improve the efficiency of the system, but ideally the heating should work with or without it.
The great advantage of such ovens is that they can be used for cooking.
Users of the site know well that from the right choice heating equipment depends on the comfort and safety of living in the house. Due to the steady rise in energy prices and the high cost of gas connections, many developers are looking for an alternative to blue fuel. There are, but stove heating is not going to give up its position. In this article we look at how effective stove heating is in a private home in modern conditions.
From this article you will learn:
- What are the advantages and disadvantages of a stone stove?
- Where is the best place to install a stove in the house?
- Stove heating in the house: problems and features;
- What kind of brick should the structure be made of?
- What are the requirements for the foundation for a stone stove?
- Can it become an alternative to a solid fuel boiler?
- What you need to know about fire safety standards for stove heating in a private home.
Stove heating in a private house: pros and cons
To understand whether stove heating is suitable for modern cottage, it is necessary to understand its main advantages and disadvantages.
TO important advantages relate:
- Complete energy independence and autonomy;
- U brick stove high efficiency: it heats hot, retains heat for a long time and releases heat for a long time;
- It is easy to use and has many exterior finishing options;
- It simultaneously heats the house and allows you to cook tastier and healthier food, bake pies and heat up lunch;
- A favorable and especially cozy atmosphere is created in the house;
- The air in the room does not overheat or dry out;
- The stove in the house can become a multifunctional heat-generating device, combining a heating, cooking and water heating device;
- High maintainability. If necessary, any of the bricks can be quickly replaced.
Stove maker from St. Petersburg:
– The heat generated by the heated brick warms the human body from the inside, which is good for health . It will warm you, feed you, and heal you!
Opinion of the company's furnace master "Art Master" Vadim Kornev :
– If there is no gas in the house, and heating with electricity or diesel fuel is very expensive, then heating with a stove is what you need!
Expert on pipe and furnace works of the company "SPP Rubin" Alexey Telegin, Moscow:
– When absent central heating, in a non-gas building and a very limited budget, using this method is the best option for permanent residence families out of town!
Despite many advantages, stove heating in a private home also has a number of disadvantages:
- Prolonged warm-up before heat transfer begins. From the moment of ignition to the time when full heat transfer begins, several hours may pass.
- Inability to automate work and achieve uniform heating. As it burns out, the firewood will have to be added manually;
- Increased requirements for the quality of materials (bricks) and the professionalism of performers;
- A loss usable area in room. The larger the stove, the larger the space it can heat, and accordingly, this leads to an increase in its dimensions;
- Large mass. Depending on the size and number of bricks used, it can weigh from 4.5 tons (this is approximately 1000 bricks) to 20 tons (5000 bricks). Therefore, it is necessary to build a separate foundation for the device or resort to strengthening the main one;
- Uneven heating of rooms. The further you are from the stove, the colder it gets. That is why in village houses all life was traditionally centered around it;
- A heating device built in violation of norms and regulations - possible reason fire occurrence;
- Sudden heating can lead to cracks in the structure.
Vadim Kornev:
– The main disadvantage of this heating method is the need to manually add fuel. But if you are not too lazy to work with a saw and an ax, then owning such beauty will bring true pleasure!
Any homeowner, as soon as he thinks about stove heating, has a number of questions: is it profitable, how well can the cottage be heated, and are there any general criteria by which one can understand the degree of efficiency of such heating.
MasterOk:
– For the device to work
effectively, it is necessary to calculate its dimensions. The dimensions, and therefore the power, are determined in accordance with the heat loss of the house.
The heat loss of a building largely depends on the location of the rooms. For preliminary calculation, you can use the following formula:
On average 1 sq. m stove can heat up to 30-35 sq.m of living space.
Vadim Kornev:
– A house of 200 square meters in winter can be heated with a conventional Dutch heating and cooking system.
A Russian can heat a house much more large sizes. If the house has a complex configuration, you can install two small stoves at different ends of the house, this is better than one, but massive, larger in area. The main economic component is the price of firewood. They are different everywhere. To supply hot air to distant rooms of the house, you can use flexible heat-resistant hoses. But this is rarely done - it is unaesthetic.
It should be remembered that it is best to install a heating stove in a special furnace, or in the kitchen, living room or dining room, but so that the flood is located in a non-residential area of the house. It is better not to place it in the corners of the house, because... circulation deteriorates warm air around the house. The closer to the center, the better.
Maintenance comfortable temperature in the house depends on many factors: the quality and energy intensity of the stove itself; thermal insulation and room volume; fuel quality. You can use old boards, oak firewood, etc. as fuel. Naturally, heat transfer from different types fuel varies significantly, which affects the degree of efficiency of stove heating in the house.
Stove heating at home: o device features
When choosing stove heating, one of the most common mistakes The idea becomes that you first need to build a house, and only then start laying the heating device. The house and the stove should be perceived as two closely interconnected objects that require integrated approach and careful calculation.
“Dance from the stove!” – this is exactly what the stove-makers’ motto sounds like. This means that before starting construction, you must:
1. Understand what kind of oven you need;
3. Determine the location of its installation in the house.
5. Consider the chimney system.
Figuratively speaking, it is not the stove that is built inside the house, but the house that is built around the stove!
Alexey Telegin:
– It happens like this: the developer first builds a house, puts on the roof, does the finishing, and then suddenly remembers about heating and wants to install a stove. Here it turns out that she simply does not “fit” into the room. We have to solve this problem, redo or strengthen the foundation, break and rebuild the floors and rafter system.
“Implanting” a heating device into an already built house leads to unjustified costs.
MasterOk:
– Only if you have a project or sketch of the stove, you can link it to the house plan.
Therefore, the construction of the stove should be divided into a number of successive stages. Namely:
1. Design. At this stage:
- choose the type and design of the furnace;
- we first determine the place for it;
- we calculate safe distances at the intersections and junctions of its surface with the floor, ceiling, ceilings, roofing, walls, partitions;
- we think it over appearance, Decoration Materials, surface texture.
2. Control. At this stage, you need to make sure that all work is carried out in accordance with the project.
This approach guarantees a high-quality result.
It is also necessary to select in advance the right material for the manufacture of stoves and chimneys. It's better to apply solid brick plastic molding, since dry-pressed bricks cannot withstand high temperatures.
Alexey Telegin:
– The masonry must be made from solid red ceramic bricks, normally fired, without cracks and foreign impurities, grade not lower than M100.
It is prohibited to use burnt or unburnt, hollow, silicate, porous or lightweight bricks for laying chimneys and stoves!
Vadim Kornev:
– For laying solid wood, it is best to use good red brick, and make the firebox from fireclay brick.
Technical features
Like any construction, the construction of a furnace begins with the construction of a foundation. You need to know a number of features that will help you avoid mistakes.
Stove maker from St. Petersburg:
– There are no light brick kilns. Even a low 630x630 mm 1/4 brick with lining will weigh about 700-800 kg.
Even such a relatively “light” device cannot be installed on every floor.
Installation of stoves, fireplaces and chimneys weighing over 750 kg must be carried out on a separate foundation.
According to Alexey Telegin, the foundation must provide:
1. Uniform distribution of load on the ground in accordance with the bearing capacity of the soil;
2. Stability and protection of building structures and furnaces from external influences during house movements, shrinkage and heaving of soils.
Any foundation (its depth, dimensions and reinforcement) is calculated based on the load acting on it, as well as bearing capacity soil.
The load on the furnace foundation (given its large mass) is very different from the load acting on the main foundation. If you build the foundation in one piece, it turns out that at the site where the furnace is erected, the loads are added up, which can lead to undesirable consequences.
For buildings subject to shrinkage and movement, it is necessary to build a separate foundation for the stove, not connected to the foundation of the house.
MasterOk:
– The foundations are made independent, and if two foundations are adjacent to each other, a soft insert is installed between them.
The simplest soft insert between two foundations can be made of foam board 5 cm thick.
This will protect the foundation from any lateral loads and the destructive properties of frost heaving of the soil. It’s not without reason that they say that a separate foundation for a stove is folk wisdom.
If a single foundation is laid, the uneven load must be taken into account in the calculation. And in order to compensate for it, additional reinforcement is laid in the “body” of the foundation, in the place where the furnace is planned to be installed.
Heating water circuit
To get rid of one of the main disadvantages of a conventional stove - uneven heating of rooms, you need to:
1. Install a heat exchanger (register) filled with water into the oven;
2. Connect to the system circulation pump, which will drive heated water through the heating system - radiators or heated floors.
This system operates on the principle of a solid fuel boiler and a closed heating system.
In this case, the stone stove is multifunctional: it simultaneously performs the function of water and stove heating, which ensures uniform distribution of heat throughout the rooms.
Vadim Kornev:
– It is better to place a stove with a water circuit against one of the walls of the house to facilitate the wiring of batteries. The presence of a circulation pump, as well as an expansion tank, is required. Such devices are quite safe if the heating element is professionally welded and there is always water in the circuit.
Interesting practical experience in building a house based on a stone stove with a water circuit by a specialist from our portal Vasily Katriychuk :
– I installed a water tank in my stove. The total capacity of the system including the pipes to the riser was 65 liters. When it is heated, the water in the tank is simultaneously heated, after which, with the help of a circulation pump, the coolant is driven into the heated floors and radiators of the heating system.
With such a heating system, it is necessary to provide all safety measures. In the event of a power outage, the circulation pump will stop working, but the stove will still continue to heat the water (it cannot be turned off instantly). As a result, the water may boil and the pipes will burst. To prevent this from happening, a security group is installed in the system. And if the coolant boils, excess water is discharged.
The operating pressure in the heating system ranges from 0.6 to 2 atmospheres. The safety group will operate at a pressure of 3 atmospheres.
Vasily Katriychuk:
– In case of a power outage, you can provide a backup electricity supply system - an individual inverter or a gas generator.
In addition to providing the home with heat, a water contour furnace prepares hot water for DHW systems. And in order not to heat the stove in the summer, you can additionally install an electric boiler for the hot water system.
Let's figure out whether the house becomes dirty from a working stove and how much one stack of firewood is enough.
Vasily Katriychuk:
– I lay firewood twice – in the afternoon and in the evening. Thanks to the large firebox, I can even put logs in my wood stove. This extends the burning time on one tab. And since the heating stove is built according to all the rules, it is very economical, does not smoke, and the ash must be removed once every three days.
The register can be installed in the oven in two ways:
1. Install the heat exchanger into the already folded stove. This is expensive and you will have to partially disassemble the device. Also, the volume of coolant in the register will limit the size of the furnace;
2. Design and build the furnace under a carefully calculated heat exchanger. This method will allow you to achieve the ideal combination of oven and register, which will ensure their efficient operation.
Vasily Katriychuk:
– In my case, the water tank is installed in the firebox through removable doors.
To remove the tank at any time (for repair or maintenance), a gap of 3-4 mm is left between the walls of the heat exchanger and the walls of the furnace.
The gap is also necessary to compensate for the thermal expansion of the steel heat exchanger.
Basic knowledge of fire codes
Chimneys and heating stoves can pose a threat to combustible building structures. Fire-resistant retreats and cuttings will help to avoid this.
A setback is a fire protection structure that protects the combustible surfaces of parts of the building from the heated parts of the stove and chimney, when they are placed in parallel.
It is a set of safe distances and measures to protect combustible parts of the building.
Cutting is a fire-resistant structure that forms a non-combustible space, performed when crossing combustible parts of a building - during excavation chimney through the interfloor ceiling or stove walls, etc.
According to Alexey Telegin, The following methods help protect structures from fire:
1. The use of fireproof materials in the chimney system;
2. Increasing the distances from the heated surfaces of the stove to the combustible parts of the house in accordance with the standards;
3. Thermal insulation of furnace surfaces and nearby parts of walls, ceilings, etc.;
4. Shielding. Radiant energy emanates from any heated body. The light spectrum of high-intensity infrared radiation can ignite combustible structures at a distance of up to several meters. Fireproof partitions and screens are necessary to prevent the spread of this radiation. The shield protects against fire only in conjunction with other protection methods such as: ventilated gaps, spacing and heat dissipation;
5. Heat dissipation. Thermal insulation prevents the spread of heat, but it is also capable of storing energy, which often leads to ignition of combustible structures after the combustion process is completed. A vertical steel plate located in the groove “pulls” some of the heat to the surface, thereby reducing the temperature inside;
6. Ventilated gaps. Thanks to them, the temperature decreases (heat is removed) from heated surfaces;
7. Airtightness (tightness). The purpose of this method is to prevent oxygen from reaching the site of a likely fire.
Read our article, which talks in detail about fire safety standards and distances using installation example .
Alexey Telegin:
– Ideal protection is a structure made of fireproof materials, in which all combustible parts are removed to safe distances. It must be multi-layered, moderately strong so as not to collapse, but at the same time resist fire, heat and thermal radiation even if the walls of the stove or chimney are destroyed.
To summarize, we can say that stone stoves, with a competent approach to design, laying and installation, can become a complete heating system for a modern cottage. And the heat from the stove cannot be compared with any other!
Find out how to build it yourself. Get to know the basic principles. In the forum topic you can ask questions to professionals. We will help you build the most correct brick!
Planning to get your own country cottage, almost every future developer is forced to think about how to heat it in winter. If there is gas in the village, for obvious reasons there is usually no dilemma. But when blue fuel has to look for an alternative, then the choice is quite difficult for a city dweller. Due to “voltage surges” and power limitations electrical systems in rural areas are too unreliable. Diesel boilers and liquefied gas units seem to be autonomous, but the price of such heating is too high, and the equipment is not cheap. And affordable stove heating in a private home in all respects seems to some to be something conservative and low-tech.
Meanwhile, heating with a stove in many cases is the most the best option to heat a country home, both during the constant stay of people and during periodic visits. Furnaces operating on solid fuel, have long proven their practicality and effectiveness, but citizens who have not encountered them before are captivated by common myths and have a poor understanding of their advantages and disadvantages. It’s worth figuring out what a good old stove can do, let’s try to debunk these myths.
Vacation home with stove heating - it's beautiful and functional
Operating principle of heating stoves
Heating by stove is local. Fuel (usually wood or coal) is burned in a fuel chamber with air supply. Flue gases, under the influence of natural draft, move through long channels to the vertical exhaust passages and are removed outside. During this time, they heat the brick mass of the furnace, and the hot stone, in turn, releases heat into the room.
Myth No. 1. The stove must be heated continuously, and firewood must be constantly added.
This mode of operation is inherent in various potbelly stoves - they heat up quickly and cool down quickly. However, brick ovens are designed for 1-2 fires during the day, and each time all (or almost all) of the fuel is loaded into the chamber. Of course, you will need to set the valves in the right position in time and periodically remove ash from the ash pit. The greater the heat capacity of the stove, the better the house is insulated, the less often it needs to be heated, once a day - this is a fairly common option.
Advantages and disadvantages of a country house with stove heating
Of course, there are both positive and negative aspects that become more or less relevant in certain conditions. It is worth considering the feasibility of stove heating as a whole, weighing all the pros and cons.
The advantages of heating with a stove
- The cost of constructing a furnace (as well as its maintenance) is several times less than that of competing systems of similar power.
- Full autonomy. There is no connection to electricity, water, or gas pipeline. For example, firewood is publicly available and the price is reasonable almost everywhere.
- There is no coolant liquid - there is no danger of defrosting the pipes. Therefore, such heating is excellent for a summer house that is visited from time to time.
- Exist combined options designs with the function of cooking or heating water. And also with a dryer, oven, fireplace, etc.
- Find finished projects houses with stove heating are not a problem today.
Disadvantages of furnace systems
- Stone oven - large device, steam square meters It will take up space in the center of the house (although there are also quite compact models measuring about 1 m 2 on the floor).
- It takes time to initially warm up the furnace mass (then it does not cool down completely between fires).
- Relatively low efficiency in terms of heat transfer (increased by lengthening the strokes, using caps and “free movement of gases”).
- There is no way to automate processes.
- It is advisable to build a heavy stone stove at the stage of building a house. The layout of a house with stove heating is the prerogative of specialists.
- Firewood must be properly prepared, and in advance (for example, dry freshly cut wood for at least a season, store it under a canopy).
It is better to place the stove in the center of the house
Myth No. 2. The temperature inside a stove-heated house is very unpredictable
Some unevenness sometimes occurs, this is explained by the fact that the strongest heat transfer occurs at the end of the firebox, and by the time of the next session the channels have already cooled down. This problem does not exist if the stove is massive enough for a particular building, and its channels are folded, for example, not into a quarter of a brick, but into half. No less important is the heat capacity, as well as the insulating characteristics of the cottage’s enclosing structures. Also do temperature regime Increasing the number of fireboxes helps to make things more uniform. Let's say that instead of just a long morning melting, two shorter ones are used (morning and evening).
What is unique about the design of stone stoves?
IN in this case the device includes not only a heat-generating unit, but also heat-conducting channels and heat-transferring surfaces. Each oven consists of the following elements:
- fireboxes and blowers;
- chimneys (channels);
- outlet pipe;
- mirrors, heating panels (surfaces that give off heat);
- grate bars, doors, valves;
- independent foundation.
There are hundreds of design options for stone stoves; each device will differ in configuration, size, functionality, and thermal efficiency. Many models received proper names, but according to their purpose and special abilities they are classified as enlarged groups.
By type of calorific value:
- Long burning stoves. There may be air ducts, relatively thin walls - they quickly warm up the room, but quickly cool down, which means they need to be heated more often and for longer. Well suited for the dacha, where they are rarely visited.
- Fast burning stoves that give off heat for a long time. The combustion session is shorter, there may be fewer fireboxes themselves, since the walls of the channels are more massive, and in general the masonry is more voluminous and heavier ( more heat accumulate).
Metal water heat exchanger
You can also distinguish types of stone stoves by purpose and additional components:
- heating;
- heating and cooking;
- with built-in fireplace;
- with oven, barbecue, grill;
- with water tank;
- with water or air heat exchanger.
Myth No. 3. Stove heating two-story house impossible to do. You need two separate stoves.
This is, of course, not true. There are at least two normal solutions. Firstly, there are models of two-story stoves that have one firebox, but elongated heating surfaces passing through the ceiling. By the way, these devices are quite compact in terms of footprint. The second option is to use a coolant, for example, in a water circuit or air duct system. The situation is approximately the same with the heating of small apartment buildings.
How to choose the power of stove heating in a private house
The main thing you need to do is choose a stove correct size, more precisely, we will be interested in the area of heated surfaces. Here it is necessary to take into account the total heat loss of the building. It is believed that the stove should replenish them with an error of 10-15 percent when fired twice. To determine the required thermal productivity, there is a simple formula (the task is to heat the room to +18, with an outside temperature of -30). To do this, the cubic capacity of the house is multiplied by a factor of 21 and the value is obtained in kcal/hour. For reference: one square meter of the mirror of stone stoves produces on average about 300 kcal/hour, the stove of heating and cooking models emits approximately 600-900 kcal/hour, the heating shield – up to 1200.
Myth No. 4. Stove heating is low-power.
In fact, there are stoves for houses of 100-120 square meters and are actively used. And models of 5-7 kilowatts (50-70 m2) are generally considered classics.
Such a stove will give off heat for a long time
A simpler calculation method is also used - for every 10 square meters of cottage area there should be about 1 kW of furnace power. For reference: this is about 860 kcal/hour. Naturally, these values are approximate; the configuration and specific characteristics should be calculated individually.
As a conclusion, one more myth – No. 5. Brick kilns very difficult to build.
A professional stove maker is a person belonging to a special caste. However, practice shows that many home craftsmen can master the technology and make stove heating themselves. Although, it should be understood that there are also difficult designs that amateurs should not attempt. In any case, the plan for a house with stove heating must be approved by specialists.
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