If someone seriously says to a normal person accustomed to living in the modern news paradigm that space does not exist, planet Earth is flat, and the sun is actually much smaller than we used to think, most likely this citizen will twirl his finger at his temple. Especially if the speaker supplements his conclusions with the opinion that NASA is financed by a secret Masonic organization, and no one has ever landed on the Moon.
The statements seem absolutely crazy, and it is all the more surprising that all these theories have many supporters around the world. These people are convinced of the correctness of the flat Earth theory: for them it is an immutable truth, and not the anti-scientific fabrications of ignoramuses.
Adherents of the theory conduct experiments, publish research papers, providing evidence that humanity does not live on a rotating ball flying through space at enormous speed (30 km/s). According to these people, the earth is a flat disk covered with a transparent dome.
Despite the seeming madness of this theory, it continues to excite minds. Flat Earth theorists can immediately ask the following questions: why doesn’t water from the oceans overflow from the “disk” where the Sun hides at night, where tens of thousands of photographs of the spherical planet come from? We have dedicated this article to the answers to these and other questions.
History of the Flat Earth Theory
School education provides a clear guideline: - this is a fairy tale invented by our ancestors, who did not have the opportunity to carry out serious scientific work. The ancient Egyptians, Babylonians, Greeks, and Chinese agreed that the Earth was flat. The Sumerians and Scandinavians “agreed” with them in absentia. In mythological cosmogenesis, the ancient Vedas and the Bible, our planet is clearly called flat. The same can be said about Buddhist and Hindu practices.
If we talk about an earlier time in relation to us, then there were plenty of flat Earth theorists in the Middle Ages. A categorical breakdown occurred during the Renaissance, and in our time everyone knows that our planet is round. The scientific research of our ancient ancestors was ostracized and thrown to the margins of history.
But this does not mean that everyone agrees with the ideological dictates of modern science. There were people who did not believe the textbooks and began to study ancient treatises in all seriousness.
In the 19th century. in England, the British scientist and inventor S. Rowbotham organized the Flat Earth Society. Rowbotham conducted hundreds of scientific studies that proved, in his opinion, that the Earth is flat.
Hiding under the fictitious name "Parallax", Rowbotham published the brochure "Zetetic Astronomy", which contained descriptions of his experiments and presented evidence of the impossibility of the existence of a spherical earth. Samuel argued that the planet was flat and the ocean was completely flat.
The brochure went through many reprints during Rowbotham's lifetime, and each time it became thicker: Parallax added more and more chapters to it. The number of supporters of the flat Earth theory also grew rapidly.
Samuel Rowbotham was not without marketing talent; he always took money for lectures. The researcher was so confident in his theory that he could attack with his fists those who expressed doubts about his conclusions.
Very soon, adherents of the flat Earth theory appeared all over the world. There were especially many of them in Europe and the United States. Among the followers of this trend there are also very unexpected personalities, for example, Adolf Hitler.
Surprisingly, the number of followers of the flat earth theory is growing every year. In some countries, this idea even caused some semblance of a social split. Adherents of the Earth-disk theory categorically reject the arguments of modern scientists and provide their own evidence, which seems to them the only correct one.
To understand how serious the dispute with flat Earth supporters is, just open the Yandex search engine. At the very first request, an abyss of articles, photographs, videos, forums and heated debates dedicated to Rowbotham’s theory will open in front of you.
Before we begin to familiarize ourselves with the most popular evidence of flat Earth adherents, we will study their key postulates.
Parallaxists imagine the Earth as a disk with the North Pole at the center. The diameter of the planet coincides with official scientific data - 40 thousand km. The disk is covered with a dome, behind which the Sun and Moon are visible. Thanks to these heavenly bodies there is day and night on the planet. Gravity is something fundamentally different from the phenomenon that modern science studies.
According to Rowbotham and his followers, the South Pole does not exist in principle. There is no Antarctica either. The entire circumference of the earth's disk is surrounded by a wall of ice.
Photographs from space have been declared a clever photoshop and a fake. In general, astronautics is a complete deception and scam. Rockets, devices for transporting and lifting ships are skillfully executed props. Space travel and videos from the ISS are filmed on Earth by professional filmmakers.
The spherical nature of the planet was declared by Rowbotham's supporters to be a lie spread by conspiratorial Freemasons. Scientists, NASA specialists and astronauts know the truth, but they receive money from the Masons and therefore remain silent.
Flat Earth
What is the Solar System?
The flat Earth adherents’ idea of the structure is also interesting. solar system. At school they teach that several planets revolve around the sun; the Earth occupies the third orbit from the Sun, located between Venus and Mars. Is it possible for such a system to exist? Rowbotham's followers answer unequivocally: no.
In their opinion, a model with a stationary Sun is impossible, if only because there is constant movement in the Universe. If the generally accepted version of the solar system were correct, the star would fly through space at incredible speed, carrying the planets with it. In this case, oval orbits of the planets would be impossible, only spiral ones.
Another interesting argument concerns the forces of repulsion and attraction, thanks to which balance is achieved in the solar system: the planets do not fly away from the star and do not collide in space. Proponents of the flat Earth theory point out that all planets have different masses. If the solar system were as described in textbooks, large planets would be located closer to the sun, and small ones would be further from the sun. After all, an object with a smaller mass simply does not have enough repulsive force to “escape” from the sun. According to the calculations of Rowbotham's adherents, in the paradigm accepted by official science, the Earth would be in the sixth orbit. This is determined by its mass. Such a distance from the Sun would make life on the planet impossible: eternal cold would reign here.
Evidence base
Of course, the most interesting thing about the flat Earth theory is the evidence collected by Parallax supporters. With a planet diameter of 40 thousand km, the planet rotates in 24 hours. These data allow you to calculate the rotation speed: more than 400 m/s. That is, according to official science, the Earth rotates at a speed of 0.5 km/sec.
Rowbotham's adherents ask the question: how can planes land exactly on the runway under such conditions? The earth is round and constantly rotating! According to the calculations of supporters of the theory, the runway will shift due to the rotation of the planet, and the plane will not be able to land.
Another proof: if we agree that the Earth is spherical, a cannonball ejected from the mouth of a cannon in the direction from West to East will be in the air 2 times less than it actually is. If you shoot from a cannon from East to West, the cannonball will travel twice as far due to the rotation of the Earth in the opposite direction.
However, neither the first nor the second phenomenon is observed, which, according to Rowbotham's adherents, exposes the generally accepted opinion that the Earth is a spherical rotating body.
Proponents of the theory also point out: if you shoot upward, the flight of the cannonball will continue for a certain time, during which the location of the gun will shift relative to the projectile by 5-6 kilometers, but this is not observed.
These simple conclusions evoke a feeling of triumph among Rowbotham's supporters. Traditional science answers: do not forget about the atmospheric column, which rotates with the planet and “drags” everything that gets into it. Adherents of the earth-disk put forward a counterargument that is striking in its boldness: in their opinion, atmospheric pressure simply does not exist.
Official film about the real shape of the Earth from Terra Convexa
At the end of the film, experts from official science summarize the experiments carried out and give an authoritative conclusion regarding the tests performed.
Terra Convexa provides answers to many questions.
Criticism of the theory of atmospheric pressure
The inventor of the mercury barometer, E. Torricelli, suggested that the entire atmosphere of the Earth uniformly and constantly presses on the planet. The Italian proved his idea through experiments with water and mercury. Torricelli refuted Aristotle's postulate that there is no absolute emptiness (vacuum) in the Universe. An Italian scientist created a vacuum in which there was completely no atmospheric pressure.
Torricelli’s experiment worked perfectly with mercury and alcohol, but the trick did not work with water: the Italian was never able to create a water barometer. Modern science proved that barometers on water are possible, but their size will be much larger than mercury or alcohol ones. You can read more about Torricelli’s experiments in his own works. For example, there you can find out where the scientist got a bucket of mercury, a radioactive liquid metal.
Flat Earth adherents could not help but pay attention to Torricelli’s experiments and try to expose them. In their opinion, a false vacuum was formed in the Italian’s test tubes. In fact, the space was filled with mercury vapor. On this basis, Rowbotham's supporters concluded that atmospheric pressure is a myth, like gravity. The vast space above the planet remains motionless. Adherents of the Earth-disk point to freely flying birds, to clouds that “travel” across the sky at the will of the wind. The pilot of a helicopter hovering above the earth, according to the logic of a spherical rotating planet, must see a gradually changing landscape beneath him. But this is not observed.
Why does a stone thrown strongly into the air land in almost the same place, and not many meters from the person who made the throw? Parallax adherents give an unequivocal answer - this happens because the earth is a flat, stationary surface.
Horizon and curvature of the earth
Rowbotham began making the first experiments about the curvature of the earth; his modern followers are conducting hundreds of similar studies. If our planet is a sphere, then, taking into account the curvature of the surface, the horizon line should be a solid line, behind which nothing is visible. However, in practice, mountains, giant sculptures or Egyptian pyramids are perfectly visible on the horizon.
The Needles Lighthouse in the British county of Hampshire (height - 54 meters) can be seen from a distance of 60 km, with the curvature of the earth being 282 m. If the Earth is a sphere, the lighthouse should be 282 m below the horizon. The situation is similar with ocean-going ships. Gradually moving away from the shore, the ships disappear behind the horizon. This would seem to confirm that the planet's surface is curved. However, supporters of the flat Earth theory armed themselves with high-quality optical instruments - and saw ships that supposedly “disappear” beyond the horizon...
With the naked eye, a person cannot see a ship that has moved away to such a considerable distance; in addition, vision is limited by a scattering perspective. With good optics, the horizon line disappears, and the stronger the optics, the greater the distance you can see.
Thus, according to flat Earthers, there is no horizon line. The pictures from the International Space Station are fake because the sky is a dome. When flying in an airplane, a person sees the rounding of the earth - but this is only an illusion. Even the UN coat of arms seems to Rowbotham's adherents to be a model of a disk-earth.
Round and at the same time flat Earth: video
Watch a video online about the round flat Earth
Moon landing: NASA hoax
Members of the Flat Earth Society pay special attention to the story of the American landing on the Moon. Of course, they are confident and furiously prove that man has never set foot on the only satellite of our planet. Rowbotham's supporters point to a photograph of the Apollo 11 spacecraft, which is widely believed to have once carried earthlings to the moon.
With a strong magnification of the photograph, it is clear that the lunar shuttle is made of materials sold in a hardware store: plastic and cardboard shields, foil and polyethylene. Of course, it is impossible to fly anywhere on a device built from such materials.
Proponents of the flat Earth theory carefully studied photographs of astronauts, discovering rings with Masonic signs on their hands. For Parallax adherents, Freemasons are the world's main conspirators who have penetrated all international structures and governments of all countries of the world.
Where do photographs of Mars come from?
The situation is similar with photographs of Mars. For followers of the theory, photographs of the Red Planet are a skillful fake, Photoshopped. Photographers hired by the conspirators take pictures of deserts and mountainous terrain on Earth, then, after processing the pictures, pass them off as photos from Mars.
Photos of the lifeless Martian desert covered with stones have spread all over the world. If we reverse filter these images in Photoshop, we will get an ordinary earthly landscape with a blue sky. There are many such places on Earth.
Weird air travel
Many routes aircraft seem extremely illogical. For example, the Sydney-Santiago flight would seem to be much more convenient to travel through New Zealand. It will be a straight and simple route with one refueling.
In reality, the plane from Australia to Latin America flies through Mexico and the USA. If we consider the Earth to be spherical, this looks extremely strange: the plane makes a large detour, consuming fuel and increasing the distance. If the same route is drawn on a flat Earth map, it becomes clear that the airline has chosen the most reliable and direct route.
Rowbotham's followers suggest checking in this way any air route that seems illogical and strange. When transferred to flat earth, the trajectory begins to look quite adequate.
Video: How do planes fly over a rotating earth?
Why do all planes fly on maps of a flat Earth and not a spherical one?
Picture of the universe
To better understand the logic of flat earth theorists, you need to know what they think about the universe - the Moon, the Sun, the stars. In general, they adhere to the same statements that Rowbotham used two centuries ago. The only thing is that they constantly have to “fight off” new scientific discoveries.
For example, lunar photographs were claimed to have been taken on Earth. Followers of the theory regularly conduct research expeditions, the main goal of which is to search for areas where “false” images from space were taken.
In the summer of 2015, the Society published photographs from the Icelandic expedition, which depicted landscapes that were exactly like the photographs presented by the Americans as lunar. Earlier, journalists suggested that the astronauts of the first Apollo expedition put their hands on the Bible and say: “I swear that I was on the moon.” All astronauts refused. A video of the flat-Earther experiment can be found on the World Wide Web. One astronaut began to rudely swear at the journalist, another tried to laugh it off, and the third simply sent the TV reporter.
The Flat Earth Society analyzed all the data from alternative researchers, superimposed it on its own theory and came to a stunning conclusion: it turned out that the Moon is not a satellite of our planet at all. The moon doesn't exist at all.
But what then do we see in the sky? According to Parallax adherents, this is a constantly updated hologram. They control the hologram from Earth.
But what do Rowbotham's followers think about the stars? People began to study astrology many centuries ago; this science is one of the first in the world. People discovered the same Ursa Major several thousand years ago.
How can it be, flat Earth adherents ask, that during this time the constellations have not undergone any changes? After all, all celestial bodies, including stars and galaxies, move in the Universe at colossal speed. The Earth rotates around its own axis, flies around the Sun in its orbit, but people different countries do they always see the same “set” of stars above them? Why is that? Why do the stars stand still above the Earth, rotating and rushing through space, like soldiers on guard? Members of the Society consider this situation absurd.
In this regard, supporters of the “flat theory” declared the stars to be holograms. They don't exist either.
Sun
If the Moon and stars are holograms, then what about the Sun? Does the universal luminary really not exist? But what then warms the planet and brings life to all its inhabitants?
Flat Earthers claim that there are actually seventeen suns. They all hover over different regions of the planet, shining and heating with different intensities. The Society's brochures list the characteristics of different suns: Californian, Russian, Chinese, etc.
Any scientist will call these statements sheer nonsense. However, the explanations of Rowbotham's adherents are by no means devoid of a certain logic. The color of the Sun we observe varies from pale yellow to bright red and burgundy, depending on natural conditions or time of day. According to prevailing scientific ideas, the sky appears blue to humans because Sun rays, overcoming the planet's atmosphere, are divided into corresponding spectra.
But why, then, do we see a yellow sun? If we observe a star through the prism of the atmosphere, then it should be blue. Followers of the flat earth theory give a clear answer: the fact is that the Sun is located not above the atmosphere, but below it.
As a result, the Society paints the following picture of the universe: the Earth-disk is covered with a dome, under which there are artificially made holograms - the Moon, stars and the Sun. Those who wish to learn more about the ideas of Parallax adherents can find a lot of videos and articles on the Internet.
The closer to the light source, the warmer it is
The nature of misconceptions is based on people’s inability to give answers to the simplest questions. At the same time, we like to provide a lot of pseudoscientific evidence for the craziest theories.
For example, try to answer the following question: it is obvious to everyone that the closer an object is to a source of light and heat, the hotter it is. Try touching a light bulb or getting close to a fire – does it get hotter? Certainly!
But why then, when rising up in a hot air balloon, do we find ourselves in a zone of severe cold? And the higher we rise, the lower the temperature becomes.
When answering this question, most people will talk about layers of the atmosphere that have different temperature characteristics. All this evidence is taken from books and has not been tested in practice.
Let's focus on the obvious - what closer person located towards the heat source, the warmer it is. This should also be true for the Sun. The closer to the luminary, the higher the temperature. However, in practice this is not observed. Followers of the flat Earth theory conclude that the Sun is not a source of heat, since in space in this case it would be much hotter than on our planet.
Counter-arguments of official science
Straight horizon
People only think that they see a straight line of the horizon. Already from an airplane or from the roof of a skyscraper you can notice the curvature of the earth's surface.
Fake photos from space. NASA conspiracy
In the flat Earth paradigm, NASA is almost a criminal organization. One gets the feeling that the American space agency is led by Professor Moriarty, and all of his employees are masons-conspirators, hiding the truth from people because of the desire for personal enrichment.
However, there is not only NASA in the world. Russia has its own space agency, Roscosmos, which broadcasts from the ISS and launches manned spacecraft into space. Russian cosmonauts, like their American colleagues, confirm that the Earth is a ball. Is it really true that the Freemasons “rule” Roscosmos?
There is no gravity
Another popular claim of the Flat Earth Society is that there is no gravity and the planet is constantly moving upward. If this statement is true and the Earth does not attract anything, then how can birds and airplanes fly?
The sun is located 5 thousand kilometers from the surface of the Earth, its diameter is 51 km
Why, in this case, do seasons change on the planet, day gives way to night, and there are climatic zones? If the Sun were positioned in the manner described by Parallax adherents, the entire surface of the Earth would have the same temperature.
How do planes land on a round and rotating Earth?
Airplanes “rotate” in the atmospheric column along with the Earth.
Atmospheric pressure is a myth
Anyone who makes such a statement should visit the mountains and experience the effects of atmospheric pressure first-hand.
Books on Flat Earth Theory
The idea of the Earth as a disk is very stable and has been very popular for two centuries. Various authors and researchers paid attention to this theory and presented evidence of the correctness of the Parallax teachings in their books.
One of the most popular books of this kind is “Ancient Cosmology” by W. Warren. This large work tells about the cosmogonic ideas of the Egyptians, Sumerians, Babylonians, ancient Chinese, and Buddhists. Readers will learn how our ancestors imagined the Universe. The book contains more quantity interesting illustrations.
“The Earth is not a ball: 100 proofs” by M. Carpenter. The book contains the most convincing, from the author’s point of view, evidence of the correctness of the flat Earth theory.
“The Earth is not a Globe” by S. Rowbotham. A book by the founder of the Earth-Disc Supporters Society. Rowbotham did a lot of work to confirm the theses he put forward.
Over the past decades, against the backdrop of a crisis in science, and in physics, first of all, there have appeared both proposals for a way out (Atsyukovsky V.A. http://www.atsuk.dart.ru/, for example) from the crisis, and sweeping denial modern science without offering constructive ideas (see, for example, the speech of Rybnikov Yu.S. and others). In historical science, everyone knows the “scientific” works of Fomenko A.T. and Nosovsky G.V. (http://www.chronologia.org/) according to the new chronology, which were rebuffed (http://hbar.phys.msu.ru/gorm/library/book2.htm). But attempts to discredit science, to introduce into people’s consciousness that apart from two operations, addition and subtraction, and natural numbers (such as 1,2,3,4,...) there is nothing in nature, and all higher mathematics is from the evil one, continue. So, recently a group of “propagandists” has appeared on the Internet claiming that we do not live on a spherical planet that rotates around its axis (which determines the change of day and night) and around the Sun, but on a flat earth, and that the Sun and Moon are these are holographic images that launch spaceships and communication satellites, including global positioning satellites (https://www.glonass-iac.ru/) GLONASS (http://www.glonassgsm.ru/) and GPS (https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/ GPS) is a falsification and deception, and astronomy is a pseudoscience. Perhaps we would not have paid any attention to these delusional statements if videos had not started appearing on the Internet in which they seriously stated that “ we need to figure this all out». « How can an airplane fly over a rotating Earth, since the linear speed of rotation (at the equator) is about 465 m/s?!" But the fact that the plane rotates with the planet, like all its inhabitants and objects, seems to be beyond the comprehension of the authors of these videos. Or another question, why are objects visible that are supposed to be behind the horizon line and which, if the Earth is spherical, should be hidden? " Since objects are visible, it means the Earth is flat“, - the conclusion is made without much thought that we live on an endless plane slightly hilly in relief. Other supporters of brain liquefaction even organize discussions on the Internet “for and against” the flat Earth theory. At these discussions, one of the arguments in favor of a flat Earth was ... the Indian Vedas, which, according to a participant in the discussion, say that the Earth is a disk.
There is an application of Overton window technology (). To legalize the idea of a flat Earth, Overton window technology is at the very beginning: How bold! Here are the witnesses that the Earth is flat, here is the wonderful video they provided, here are the “advanced amateurs” who launched a homemade rocket, but it hit something at an altitude of 100 km! - for sure this is the vault of heaven! And the fact that “advanced amateurs” receive signals on their television receivers from satellites flying in geostationary orbit at an altitude of about 40,000 km above the equator does not count! The unthinkable and absurd turns into radical. For further developments, see the points on Overton window technology ().
Another attempt to change the logic of people’s social behavior is obvious, radically breaking their worldview. Here it is appropriate to quote point 3) from our leaflet (picket materials, concept file - June 15, 2016.doc): “ As a result scientific and technological progress technologies began to replace one another frequently. That's why people in identical situations began to make completely different decisions than before(this is called the “law of time”). For example, a solar eclipse in the time of the pharaohs caused fear and panic among people, which the “priests” took advantage of, but now the eclipse is calculated in advance, and then they are written on photos and videos, but the “priests” are left out of work. Previously, a person would go to church to find out news or hear a mentor’s advice, but now he turns on the TV. The logic of people's behavior is changing.A government that does not understand the ongoing changes in the logic of people’s social behavior will be doomed to anarchy ».
Thus, we see that the authorities UNDERSTAND what is happening, otherwise why would they launch Overton window technology again and again? Further we see that this is not the power that sits in the Kremlin and sits in State Duma that this power occupies the next level of the hierarchy. This is the level of power of ideas, the level of power of worldviews. The “priests” and “shepherds” were left out of work, but they REALLY want to regain their lost positions. To do this, you just need to return the “flat Earth”, declare astronomy a pseudoscience, abolish history and higher mathematics, disperse scientists, and reduce school education to nothing.
Below we provide short excerpts from the books accessible language providing answers to the many “whys” that arise from various observations. These answers lead to conclusions about the sphericity of the Earth. In most cases, to perceive the material, knowledge at the level of a peasant of the century before last with 2 classes of a parochial school is sufficient. Considering that in the Russian Federation no one has yet abolished universal secondary education, we provide links to more “complex” answers, with sines, cosines and other elementary algebra, and trigonometry, which, without a doubt, will attract the attention of the reader who thinks with his own head.
Asset of Sverdlovsk RO KPE
The earth is round.
K. Fmammarion. Public Astronomy (PETITE ASTRONOMIE). Translated from the 7th French edition by V. CHERKASOV. The edition has been reviewed, corrected and supplemented by PROF. S. N. BLAZHKO. STATE PUBLISHING HOUSE R.S.F.S.R. BERLIN, 1922.
Before turning our gaze to the sky and contemplating the Sun, Moon and stars, let us take up the Earth on which we live.
"The Earth is Round"- this is what we have to hear and repeat as soon as we begin to study geography. However, it is not enough to limit ourselves to this definition alone, because a thing can be both round and flat, such as, for example, a dish, a plate, a coin; It is also necessary to add that the Earth is “round, like a ball, like any ball.” They show you a large ball, called the terrestrial globe, and say: “here is a picture of the Earth.”
How! Is it really possible that the Earth, the Earth we walk on, is structured this way? No doubt you are quite surprised when you hear about it for the first time. Even when you understand this, it will still be difficult for you to form a correct concept about it.
Indeed, at first glance, the Earth does not appear to us in this form at all. If we look around us, the surrounding area, Part of the land, which we can observe, seems smooth when we are standing on a plain, and uneven, rough when we are in a mountainous area. The sky spread out above our head appears to us as completely rounded. vault- blue in clear weather and gray if it is covered with clouds. This arch seems to be overturned over the Earth and limits it in the distance along a circular line. The child believes that this is actually the case; he is convinced that beyond the distance, as far as his gaze can see, there is nothing else and that there, far away, somewhere far away, the sky meets the Earth. But then he hears stories about very distant countries, about long journeys lasting months, years, and he easily realizes that, of course, the space of several miles that he can see in front of him does not constitute the whole Earth. Then the Earth begins to seem quite vast to him, but still flat, like a table, or rather like some kind of immense pancake; then, on this vast plane, in various places, his imagination draws those mountains that he remembers and which appear to him in the form of small bulges or swellings on this even and flat cake. Finally, the round vault of the sky, in his opinion, covers the entire Earth, just as one covers a sweet pie with a glass cover.
This was also the idea of the Earth among the ancient, simple-minded and trusting people, like children, those who have not yet learned to think and reason; soon we will see what strange nonsense it led them to.
Imagine that you are in the middle of a vast plain. The area available to you appears to you in the form of a huge circle, in the center of which you stand. The sky is above you. The circumference of this apparent circle, that distant limit where the sky seems to touch the Earth is called horizon.
But beyond this horizon there is still Earth; there are fields, forests, cities, hills, and so on, and so on. Why are they not visible? Of course, because the Earth has a rounded shape, convex, and not flat. If the Earth were flat, then we could see distant objects as far as our vision would suffice, and these objects would only seem smaller and smaller to us and not so clear; meanwhile this does not happen, because visible circle horizon completely hides everything behind it.
Due to the convexity of the Earth, from the place where we are located, we can survey everything that is around us, right up to those points where our gaze no longer touches the surface of the Earth. Beyond this horizon, the Earth with the objects on it, rounding and descending in all directions, will be below us in relation to us; We will not be able to see these objects even then: the roundness, curvature of the Earth hides them from us.
Thus the person represented by the letter M(Fig. 3), can see objects in front of him only up to point A, where straight line, representing the direction of his vision, touches the earth's surface. In the same way, at the same distance, he can see around him and in all other directions, i.e. to points B, C, D, E(as well as on the other side, which cannot be represented in our figure).
Fig. 3. The curvature of the Earth is the limits of the horizon for an observer located on Earth.
Fig. 4. A wider horizon opens up to the observer from the top of the mountain.
These points limit his field of vision and form the line of his horizon or horizon. Objects located behind this line, for example, in F, G, H, I, it turns out at the bottom and will be closed to the observer by the convexity of the earth's surface. If, however, instead of settling down in the middle of a plain, we climb some mountain, then our horizons will extend to a much greater distance. Mountain tops for us will open cities or villages, forests and fields, which we had not seen before, being at the foot of the mountain. At the same time, our gaze will be presented with a more extensive range of vision than before, since now
Fig. 5. View of a remote village. - The curvature of the Earth allows you to see only the tops of buildings.
any straight line coming from the eye will touch the earth's surface at a more distant point. Thus, if the observer in our figure is placed on a hill at point N (Fig. 4), then along the line representing the direction of his vision it is clear that he will now notice objects located at points F, G, H, I, which were hidden from him by the curvature of the earth's surface before, when he stood at the foot of the hill in M (Fig. 3). However, objects K, L, located further, will still be closed from his eyes. Approaching some remote village along a flat area, we notice that this village does not appear to our eyes immediately, but at first we can only see bell towers and roofs of houses ( Fig. 5). What lies below these outstanding buildings is still hidden from our view by the convexity of the earth’s surface lying between us and these objects. As you approach the village, in front of
Fig. 6. View of the same village at a closer distance; the buildings open up completely to the eye; visible horizon behind them
we advance first upper floors buildings, and then their foundations, as if these buildings were coming out of the ground (Fig. 6).
The same thing is even better observed at sea, where there are no hills, no irregularities that prevent you from looking into the distance. On the shore we see a picture of a vast expanse of water, which seems to rise slightly towards the sky, merging with it on the horizon. The ship moving away from us seems to be little by little rises, approaching the horizon, which it finally reaches; further, beyond the horizon, it seems to begin go down. First the ship's hull disappears, then the lower sails, while the upper ones are still visible; finally the tops of the masts are the last to disappear; in a word, as if the ship was slowly sinking into the sea (Fig. 7). If the surface of the sea were flat, then of course
Fig. 7. Curvature of the sea surface. - sequential view of a ship moving away from the observer
the ship, as long as we could see it, would constantly remain in front of us; the tops of the masts and small upper sails, on the contrary, would most likely escape our gaze due to the difficulty of distinguishing them from a great distance. But the surface of the sea in the same way has roundness, curvature, just like the Earth, and since somehow the same phenomenon occurs equally in every direction, wherever we make the indicated observation, it follows that the surface of the sea is the same in all directions. sides roundness, represents a spherical or spherical surface like a watermelon or a ball.
Here is another proof of this. It is known that the shadow of an object resembles in its appearance that very object. If you place a square notebook in front of a wall illuminated by the sun or a lamp, then the shadow from this notebook on the wall will also be square. The shadow of the ball will be round, no matter how we rotate the ball. In some cases, which will be indicated below, you can see shadow of the earth... And it turns out that this shadow is completely round; therefore, the Earth is also round.
But the best proof of the roundness of the Earth is that it can be walked around and in all directions. Imagine a small ant on a ball or orange, crawling along this ball straight in front of it, turning neither to the right nor to the left; continuing to crawl like this, he will go around the entire orange and will soon return to the place from where he set off, but from the opposite side. In exactly the same way, brave sailors circumnavigated our huge globe - the Earth. - They encountered continents on their way, continuous expanses of earth, but turning a little to the side (as we turn in order to go around some obstacle, for example, trees fallen to the ground, and go the same way again), they all - could still complete their full rotation. Constantly heading their way in the same direction, they returned to the same port from where they began their voyage, but from the direction opposite to where they originally sailed. The first to make such a journey was the navigator Magellan, used for this three years time. Now, with the help of railways and steamships, it is possible to make trip around the world in less than three months.
There are still other proofs of the roundness of the Earth; nothing else has been proven at present as well and reliably as this. After making sure everyone possible ways that the Earth is a ball, we began to measuring it... Yes, using various techniques, which we cannot present here yet, astronomers measured this huge ball and found that it has a circumference of 377.5 thousand miles. Based on these methods, even the length of that measure, which is called meter. To do this, we first took one quarter circles (Fig. 8, from E to P) or, as they say, great circle earth (meridian); then one ten-millionth part of this quarter was taken as a unit of length, as a normal measure, and called it meter(1 meter equals 22.5 inches = 0.47 fathoms = 3.28 feet).
Thus, the circumference of the Earth is 40 million meters or about 37,500 versts (40,000 kilometers) in all directions, since the Earth is equally rounded in all directions, with the exception of a very slight depression at the poles.
40 million meters! 38 thousand miles! What a ball! This is such an amazing magnitude that it is difficult to even imagine such a colossus. A vast and also rounded sea covers three quarters of the surface of this ball, which serves as a common home for all of us. Spaces of continuous earth, continents, fill the rest and maintain almost the same regular curvature as if the sea were spreading everywhere.
Fig. 8. Measuring the circumference of the Earth
“Well, what about the mountains?” you will notice. - As for the mountains, they add absolutely nothing. Look at the orange; its skin has slight roughness. But does this in any way prevent the orange from remaining round? Of course not. So, the most high mountains compared to the entire Earth will be much less than the roughness of the skin in relation to an orange. If we wanted to accurately depict this relationship on a globe representing the Earth, and the size, say, of a very large watermelon, then in order to indicate the highest mountains on it, it would be enough to throw a few small, almost imperceptible grains of sand onto such a globe. Small irregularities, such as continents and mountains, do not in the least prevent the Earth from remaining a perfectly regular ball.
Then, when your imagination has become somewhat accustomed to these ideas, you will be convinced that the form that has neither corners nor edges is the simplest and most natural of all other forms. This form is taken on its own by a drop of flowing liquid, a drop of rain while it is still falling, a drop of dew on the leaves. Finally, we will soon see that the Sun, Moon and all sorts of luminaries that we notice in the sky are also spheres in appearance; It is quite natural after this that the Earth also has the same shape; on the contrary, one might rather be surprised if if only she was alone was arranged differently.
***
It is known that the shortest distance between two points on a plane is a straight line. However, on Earth this is only true at short distances. For sea voyages, say, from the Cape of Good Hope to the southern tip of Australia or from Yokohama to the Panama Canal, this is not true. The fact is that we live on the surface of a ball, and not on a plane, and the surface of the ball has its own geometric patterns. The given excerpt from the book by Ya.I. Perelman's "Entertaining Astronomy" convincingly and simply illustrates this fact.
.
The shortest path on Earth and on the map
(from the book by Ya.I. Perelman “Entertaining Astronomy”, 7th edition, edited by P.G. Kulikovsky. State Publishing House of Technical and Theoretical Literature. Moscow, 1954)
Having marked two points on the blackboard with chalk, the teacher offers the young schoolboy a task: to draw the shortest path between both points.
The student, after thinking, carefully draws a winding line between them.
That's the shortest way! - the teacher is surprised. -Who taught you that?
My dad. He is a taxi driver.
The drawing of a naive schoolboy is, of course, anecdotal, but wouldn’t you smile if you were told that the dotted arc in Fig. 1 - the shortest route from the Cape of Good Hope to the southern tip of Australia! Shown in Fig. 1 supposedly the “straight” sea route from Africa to Australia is 6020 miles, and the “curve” one is 5450 miles, i.e. shorter by 570 miles, or 1050 km.
Even more striking is the following statement: the roundabout route from Japan to the Panama Canal shown in Fig. 2 is shorter than the straight line drawn between them on the same map!
Rice. 1. On a sea map, the shortest route from the Cape of Good Hope to the southern tip of Australia is indicated not by a straight line (“loxodrome”), but by a curve (“orthodrome”)
All this looks like a joke, and yet in front of you are indisputable truths, well known to cartographers.
Rice. 2. It seems incredible that the curved path connecting Yokohama to the Panama Canal on a sea map is shorter than a straight line drawn between the same points
To clarify the issue, we will have to say a few words about maps in general and sea maps in particular. Depicting parts of the earth's surface on paper is not an easy task, even in principle, because the earth is a ball, and it is known that no part of a spherical surface can be unfolded on a plane without folds and tears. One inevitably has to put up with inevitable distortions on maps. Many ways of drawing maps have been invented, but all maps are not free from shortcomings: some have distortions of one kind, others of another kind, but there are no maps without distortions at all.
Sailors use maps drawn according to the method of an ancient Dutch cartographer and mathematician of the 16th century. Mercator. This method is called “Mercatorian projection”. It is easy to recognize a sea map by its rectangular grid: the meridians are depicted on it as a series of parallel straight lines; circles of latitude are also straight lines perpendicular to the first ones.
Imagine now that you need to find the shortest path from one ocean port to another, lying on the same parallel. On the ocean, all paths are accessible, and traveling there along the shortest path is always possible if you know how it runs. In our case, it is natural to think that the shortest path goes along the parallel on which both ports lie: after all, on the map it is a straight line, and what could be shorter straight path! But we are mistaken: the parallel path is not the shortest at all.
Indeed: on the surface of a ball, the shortest distance between two points is the great circle arc connecting them ( Big A circle on the surface of a ball is any circle whose center coincides with the center of this ball. All other circles on the ball are called small). But the circle of parallel is a small circle. The arc of a large circle is less curved than the arc of any small circle drawn through the same two points: a larger radius corresponds to a smaller curvature. Stretch a thread on the globe between our two points (cf. Fig. 3); you will be convinced that it will not lie along the parallel at all. A stretched thread is an indisputable indicator of the shortest path, and if it does not coincide with a parallel on the globe, then on a sea map the shortest path is not indicated by a straight line: remember that circles of parallels are depicted on such a map as straight lines, but any line that does not coincide with a straight line , there is a curve.
Rice. 3. A simple way to find the truly shortest path between two points: you need to pull a thread on a globe between these points
After what has been said, it becomes clear why the shortest path on a sea map is depicted not as a straight line, but as a curved line.
They say that when choosing the direction for the Nikolaevskaya (now Oktyabrskaya) railway, there were endless debates about which route to lay it on. The controversy was put to an end by the intervention of Tsar Nicholas I, who solved the problem literally “straightforward”: he connected St. Petersburg with Moscow along a line. If this had been done on a Mercator map, the result would have been an embarrassing surprise: instead of a straight road, the road would have turned out crooked.
Anyone who does not avoid calculations can verify this with a simple calculation. (read the book further)
***
Why are objects sometimes visible that should be hidden behind the horizon due to the spherical shape of the Earth? Why during a thunderstorm, when dark and light stripes suddenly begin to alternate in the sky, do the twilight rays seem to diverge as if the light source was 4, not 140 million km away? (see 25 optical phenomena in nature that amaze the imagination
Here is a short excerpt from the article
How optical solar illusions work: “anti-twilight rays”, “sun pillar” and “Tyndall effect”
The sun's rays burst into our atmosphere at a speed of three hundred thousand kilometers per second. Meeting a planet on their way, they are able to create optical illusions of unprecedented beauty. We have long been accustomed to some of them, for example, twilight rays and have stopped paying special attention to them; other, not so ordinary, eyewitnesses, on the contrary, tend to regard them as otherworldly phenomena or the appearance of a UFO - however, they also have a simple explanation. To get to the bottom of them, let's start with something simple.
How do crepuscular rays work?
First of all, for twilight rays to appear at dawn or sunset (in the English version - “Crepuscular rays”), sunlight must meet clouds or mountain tops on its way, which will divide it into beams of light diverging from one point to almost a third of the sky. Crepuscular rays are so clearly visible to the human eye due to the fact that the area of sunlit air is clearly separated from the shaded space. The second point, without which it is impossible to see these rays, is the presence in the high layers of the atmosphere of a certain concentration of water vapor or dust, the particles of which would reflect and scatter the light in our direction. In fact, the sun's rays are parallel, despite the illusion that they are converging towards the sun like a giant fan. In the same way, we see how the railway tracks in the distance disappear at one point.
***
Rays of light do not always travel in a straight line. Depending on the density of the media, the higher the density, the lower the speed, the rays of light are bent. Refraction or refraction is clearly visible in the image below :
Taking into account refraction in the optical range, see here
Site search
On October 4, 2017, planet Earth celebrated the 60th anniversary of the beginning of the space age of mankind - the launch into orbit of the first artificial satellite Earth.
Satellite for exposing the conspiracy of scientists
But, as it turns out, even now there are skeptics who believe that everything space research- a complete hoax. In particular, scientists allegedly lie about what shape our planet actually has.
At the end of September American hip-hop artist Bobby Ray Simons, performing under the pseudonym B.o.B, began raising funds for the construction of satellites. With their help, he plans to expose the NASA conspiracy and prove that the Earth is actually flat.
This could be regarded as a curiosity, but, as it turns out, a not very large, but quite active brotherhood of flat Earth supporters operates throughout the planet.
Mr Rowbotham and his followers
In 1992, the Vatican—perhaps the world's most conservative organization—officially exonerated Galileo Galilei , recognizing that the Earth is not a stationary body and does indeed revolve around the Sun. This would seem to be the end of the flat Earth story. But it turned out completely differently.
In the 19th century English inventor and writer Samuel Rowbotham wrote a book in which, based on his own experience, he proved that the Earth is flat. He popularized his theory through lectures and attracted many supporters. In the United States, Rowbotham's supporters founded the Christian Catholic Apostolic Church, which preached the idea of a flat Earth.
In 1956, the International Flat Earth Society was created. Oddly enough, the ranks of this organization were replenished even after Gagarin’s flight and the landing of American astronauts on the Moon. By the way, it was flat Earth supporters who actively promoted the version that the moon landing was a hoax filmed in Hollywood.
The Earth is a disk, the North Pole is the center, Antarctica does not exist
So what is the Earth according to the supporters of this theory?
Our planet is a disk 40,000 kilometers in diameter, with the North Pole at the center. In fact, Antarctica and the South Pole do not exist - the wall of ice encircling the edges of the planet is mistaken for the southernmost continent. The Sun, Moon and stars revolve over the Earth's surface.
Flat Earth supporters do not consider images from space as an argument. In their opinion, scientists of the planet are in a conspiracy, and everything that is published is a well-thought-out lie.
“I'm going down. At the same place!"
In May 2017 American Darryl Marble I took a construction level with me on the plane and put it on the table in the back of the front seat. According to the man’s calculations, in 23 minutes of the experiment the plane must cover 326 kilometers. According to Marble, if the Earth has a curved surface, then the plane's trajectory will deviate from the horizontal by 8 kilometers. To compensate, the pilot would have to lower the nose of the plane. But this did not happen, which means, they say, the Earth is flat. The experimenter called the existence of gravity “just a theory.”
Blogger jeranism drove 144 kilometers along the highway in his car and recorded the entire journey on video. According to his calculations, if the Earth were a ball, then during the journey he would rise 1.6 kilometers. Since the road remained smooth and there were no bends, it means that no spherical Earth exists.In July 2017, the fighter for a flat Earth became famous in Russia. Schoolboy Maxim Ozherelev on his video channel on the Internet he fiercely defended the version about the plane of his native planet: “So I jumped. The earth rotates at a speed of 400 meters per second. I'm going down. At the same place! I think why didn’t the Earth do this... movement, and I didn’t fly 400 meters somewhere?”
Maxim became famous throughout the Runet, but turned out to be not a very persistent person. After users ridiculed him, he chose to delete his videos, and on given topic no longer performs.
“Who are we with? With God and the Bible, or with the Freemasons and their pseudoscience?
However, there are people in Russia who are stronger in faith. IN social network On VKontakte there is a “Flat Earth Society”, whose members are more than 28 thousand people.
“This group was created to counter pseudoscience that encroaches on the foundations of the biblical world order,” say the project organizers. — Why do we defend the truth about a Flat Earth? The point is not that we, like all honest people, are fighting for the Truth. And not even that the plane of the Earth is obvious to anyone who has eyes and the ability to look with them. It's all about the question of trust in God... The Bible gives us a clear and clear picture of the world order. Modern science, financed by Masonic circles, denies this picture and substitutes its own, designed to confuse minds. We have a choice - who are we with? With God and the Bible, or with the Freemasons and their pseudoscience?
Agree, this no longer sounds like a funny joke. One more step, and adherents of this society will begin to interpret the defense of the sphericity of the Earth as an insult to the feelings of believers with all the ensuing consequences.Flat Earth on TV
On September 25, 2017, flat Earth supporters in Russia had a real holiday. The REN TV channel showed an episode of the TV show “The Most Shocking Hypotheses” with Igor Prokopenko, in which the floor was given to those who believe the Earth is flat.
Among the heroes of the program were former NASA employee Matthew Boylan, who claimed that he was forced to edit real satellite images to make the Earth appear spherical, and Pavel Sviridov, one of the most famous “flat earthers” in Russia. The latter announced his performance in the program on the Internet: “I am involved in the creation of this film. As you know, success on television is measured by ratings. Therefore, I appeal to you with a request - spread the information about this film as much as possible, let as many people as possible watch it, be active, write reviews, discuss, including on the channel’s forum, and then we will break through this dam of lies and silence.” In the program, Sviridov states that NASA, showing footage of astronauts from orbit, actually uses chroma key and other technologies, falsifying reality. The floor was also given to other flat Earth supporters from among bloggers and amateur scientists who debunked all evidence of the planet’s sphericity.
At the same time, real scientists were not given a chance to speak in the program, and it turned out that they had nothing to object to Sviridov and company.
“Anyone who wants to know information that is recognized by official science should go to a natural history textbook”
But a real scandal erupted after it became known that the author of the program, Igor Prokopenko, became a TEFI-2017 laureate in the nomination... “Educational program.” True, he received the award not for “The Most Shocking Hypotheses,” but for his other project, “Military Secret.”
The presentation of the award to Prokopenko immediately after the program about the “flat Earth” caused indignation among many. The journalist himself answered the critics this way: “I have no goal that a number of data that appear in my program are recognized by official science, for one simple reason: the program is called “The Most Shocking Hypotheses.” Anyone who wants to know information that is recognized by official science should read a fourth-grade natural history textbook. Those who want to know all the versions and hypotheses that exist today - from classic to the most ridiculous and fantastic - come to us. There is no contradiction in this."
Indeed, there is no contradiction. In essence, the TEFI laureate said the following: I have the right to present any theories, and if someone not burdened with the burden of knowledge falls under their influence, then this is not the problem of the creators of the program.
“I don’t believe people can be such idiots.”
The cosmonauts currently in orbit also joined in the discussion of the topic, which became unusually sensitive during the 60th anniversary of the launch of the first satellite.
During the presentation of the SPACEWALK 360 project, dedicated to the first ever panoramic video, which was made in outer space, Russian Sergey Ryazansky remarked: “In my opinion, flat Earthers are such cool professional space trolling. I don't believe people can be such idiots."
Still, one can argue with space heroes. People can be extraordinary idiots. Even in the 61st year of the space age.
Subject " Flat Earth"Does it seem funny to you? Then I'll remind you. Just 500 years ago, everyone KNEW that the Earth was Flat, and those who said that the Earth was Round were taking a serious risk. IN best case scenario Friends, acquaintances and relatives looked at him as a “sleepwalker”. At worst, he was burned at the stake by religious fanatics.
Now this story has a continuation...
Earth became again Flat, but now no one will burn you. Most people still won’t understand what is written, because they haven’t learned to think with their heads. However, this is not about you. And treat the article with Humor.
Play: "The Flat Earthers Strike Back."
Scene 2: "Evidence for a Flat Earth."
Characters:
Professor Sharov — (PSh ). He talked about the Round Earth. . I hope you have seen his official responses. Because now what we love most about this site will begin - “Melting Our Reality «.
Professor Wonderful — (PZ ). Talks about Flat Earth. Right now.
You
-simple buyer.
Did I read Scene 1?
1. Our world.
You : Good afternoon, Professor Wonderful (PZ ), I just talked with your colleague Sharov about our world, and somehow he didn’t look 100% convincing. What do you have?
PZ : I have a Model and Flat Earth Map. She looks like this.
PZ
: Our world is a Flat Disk surrounded by an ice wall. Therefore, the water does not flow anywhere and you cannot fall off the edge. The ice wall is officially called Antarctica, it covers the entire disk, how far it goes into the depths - we don’t know, maybe to infinity. Or maybe a hundred kilometers away there is life there. The military closed Antarctica with a special agreement from 1959. Therefore, it’s not so easy to get there. Alas.
The Flat Earth map is officially called in science Azimuthal Projection.
More details: From above we are covered by the “Dome” - a structure UNDER which the Sun and Moon rotate, plus the rest of the “planets”. The height of the Dome is 5 thousand km. The Moon rotates just below the Sun. The stars are light bulbs on the Dome.
You : Clear. Professor Sharov, could you remind me of your version?
PS: Earth is the planet on which we live, and our model is called Globe, from Latin globus -> ball. The surface is 29% land, 71% water. A simplified model of the Earth looks like this.
PS : The Sun - 99.86% of the mass of the entire solar system, is located in the center. The planets revolve around the Sun. Earth is the third planet from the Sun. Visually below.
You : Clear. Refresh your memory. Question for you, PZ . There are generally accepted proofs, which are usually taught in schools, as confirmation that the Earth is round. Can you refute them or show an alternative explanation?
PZ : Yes, sure. Show me your evidence, I will comment on it.
Moreover, I'm willing to pay 1000 dollars to the one who refutes proof that the earth is flat. You are interested?
You : Yes, I want to earn 1000 USD, if you're not kidding. But first, disprove the evidence for a round Earth. Ready?
PZ: I'm seriously offering a deal. Ready.
You: Evidence 1. The ships go beyond the horizon and first the hull disappears, and then the sail disappears. Isn't this proof of the curvature of the Earth's surface?
PZ: No, not proof. The ship simply diminishes on the horizon and disappears as soon as it passes." convergence point", that is, goes behind " visibility horizon". You can get it back if you take the binoculars.
How does vision work?.
An object that is moving away from you reaches a point on the horizon when it is too small for you to make out anything. Here's the point in the center of the picture where the road shrinks into a point. This point is called « point of convergence «, point where parallel lines converge in the EYE. This is our vision on Earth.
We use 2 eyes to determine the distance to the object.
That is, the further the object is from us, the smaller it will be. And even 2 parallel lines are still removed and reduced to Convergence points of the eye lens. This skill is very useful for PREDATOR HUNTERS (us, in the past). Determine the distance to prey or danger .
Even 1 eye is still able to show us the Distance, because the light passes through the edges of the lens (points 1, 2, 3, 4). Pupil = ROUND LENS, not a narrow SLIT. Therefore, even 1 eye is very cool!
We see an object up to 7 km away on the horizon. The physical size of the pupil does not allow one to see further.
Practice.
Here are 2 parallel railway tracks. They are parallel to each other thousands of kilometers ahead, WAYS DO NOT CROSS, DO NOT GO TO EACH OTHER AT ALL, otherwise the train would not have been able to travel for weeks along the Trans-Siberian Railway from Moscow to Vladivostok.
But, you see how 4 parallel rails converge to a point on the horizon, right? Same with the ship. Curvature has nothing to do with it. Curvature is the most primitive way to explain all these effects.
Keep in mind that hot air or water vapor may prevent you from seeing a ship in the distance and above the horizon.
Here, for example, is the phenomenon of a mirage. When in the summer the effect hangs over a hot road like a wet puddle. I think everyone has seen it in their lives. The middle dividing strip disappears in " puddle«.
The object, the ship-machine will be blur and shrink with distance. The wheels will be the first to disappear because they are closest to the ground, although the road is absolutely flat in front of you. It's the same at sea.
Water and wind create waves. Waves breaking on the surface of the water create many small splashes and this entire mass hangs above the surface of the sea. It is clear that the sail will be the first to rise above the thick mass, a fog of drops. After all, you are looking almost parallel to the surface of the water. And the sail is the tallest object on the ship. The closer the ship is to you, the higher the sail will be above the surface of the water. Although, initially, you see the entire ship on the horizon. It's just that because of the shallow spray (kilometers away from the ship), you won't see its hull until it's close enough. You might as well try to look through the fog. Will it work out big?
You : According to Evidence 1: Features of vision, “vanishing point” + mirage + water vapor.
Evidence 2: Moon and Lunar Eclipses. We see how a semicircular shadow from the Earth creeps onto the Moon during eclipses. A semicircular shadow is cast by the ball or disk of the Earth on the Moon, and according to your theory, the Sun and Moon are above us. What then causes an eclipse in your model?
PZ : A solar eclipse is easy to explain. The Sun and Moon orbit above our heads. And the Moon is slightly lower than the Sun, therefore, when their path intersects, we see a semicircular shadow (of the Moon) creeping onto the Sun, and we have the Black Sun before our eyes.
Regarding the Lunar Eclipse.
Let's begin with Moon by her own anomalous object on the whole head . Have you ever been surprised by what we see Always only 1 side of the moon? Why is that? Perfect orbital synchronization? —-> or this artificial object? Why is everything in nature tied to the Moon? Are planting, animal migration, even those women's cycles perfectly synchronized with the 28-day cycles of the Moon? Isn’t this why women’s “women’s days” shift by 4-5 days towards the beginning of the month?
In short, the Moon is a very strange object and does not behave as an ordinary piece of Rock above its head should. By the way, scientifically, the Moon is a satellite of the Earth. And the satellite can be either artificial(turned its dish-antenna towards us), or natural.
Let's become children for a minute. What about the fact that the Moon was built by previous civilizations? We don’t know this, but modern scientists don’t know how the Moon ended up in the sky. The version of a meteorite hitting the Earth is stupid. Because there is on the moon WATER . During an explosion, from a meteorite hitting the Earth, and then flying in a VACUUM, WATER not formed! So what's the joke then? Just imagine what it could be artificial sphere with its own light source.
We don't see the far side of the Moon, do we? And what's in there?
You : Imagined (fantasy), let the Moon be an artificial object, as in your version. Go ahead.
Evidence 3. During Moon Phases we see semicircle in heaven and during Lunar Eclipse we see semicircle a shadow, that is, it is given by a semicircular object, a “sphere/ball/disk”, whatever you want. How do you explain this?
PZ : These are 2 different phenomena: Lunar Phases and Lunar Eclipse.
Regarding Moon phases, when you have a crescent moon in the sky rather than a full moon, this is due to the lighting of the moon. The land has nothing to do with it. The moon is a ball-sphere, and a spherical body will be illuminated that way. For example, a “lamp” that is located BEHIND THE MOON. Will now beexperiment with iPhone 5.
Imagine that there is a lamp inside the Moon. And she turns around. Are these not the phases you will see?
As for the Lunar Eclipse, I already answered in the previous example. There is a third body or phenomenon that we do not yet know. For example, that the Moon has its own light source INSIDE, and a semicircular disk passes between the light and the surface, blocking the light. Moreover, its size can be thousands of times smaller than the Moon itself. You don't need the Sun for this.
By the way, the Moon does NOT reflect Sunlight, as official scientists say, but is the source of its OWN light, easy to install using this example. If you have a Sphere (ball), then we know perfectly well how light will be reflected from it. Like this.
I haven't seen a spot on the moon. And you?
You : Proof 4. Traveling around the world? If you sail or fly all the time to the East or to the West, you will arrive at the same point from where you started sailing. Doesn't this talk about the Round Earth?
PZ : A simple experiment. Take a plate of water, place a powerful magnet in the middle of the plate, lower a small boat with a compass there and move to the West. You move only to the West, and you will circumnavigate the world on a plate!
Here's tea with lemon. If a lemon wedge swirls around the center, leaving the peel towards the edge of the cup, it will " trip around the world"by your cup.
Schematically: You all the time moving to the WEST. Magnetic Compass shows all the time on North .
This is what a trip around the world looks like over a flat Earth.
This is what Ferdinand Magellan's journey around the Earth looked like in 1519-1522.
You: Evidence 5. If all body over our heads Round, then why should we think that ours Earth is Flat?
PZ : Here is a billiard table with Round Balls on it. The table, by your logic = Round?
You : The table is naturally flat,
Proof 6. Availability of time zones when in some parts of the planet it is Night, and in other parts of the Planet it is Day. How to explain? Isn't it the turning of the Round Earth?
PZ : No. What does this have to do with the twist? The sun moves over the surface of the Flat Earth, where it is bright. Where it is not there is Night.
Why doesn't the Sun illuminate the entire disk if it is at altitude? Very simple. Here's a light bulb that does NOT light up the entire wall. The wall is too big, just like the surface of the Earth.
LETTERING:
IF THE EARTH IS FLAT
why don't we see sunlight 24 hours a day?
Explanation:
For the same reason that a small lamp cannot illuminate an entire wall.
LIGHT SOURCE = SMALL + MOVING.
You : How do seasons work? Why is it cold in winter and hot in summer?
PZ : The sun moves from North to South throughout the year. When it’s hot here, the Sun moves along the Yellow trajectory close to the North Pole (Tropic of Cancer). When it’s cold here, it rotates along the Red trajectory (Tropic of Capricorn), far from the North Pole, but it’s hot in the Southern Hemisphere. And, yes, the Sun moves much faster in the Southern Hemisphere to make its 360 degrees in 24 hours.
The fact that we have Winter in December, and in Australia it is Summer, is shown by this picture. Christmas - December 21 in Australia is celebrated in Santa Claus costumes right on the beach.
You : Then let's not leave the Sun and the evidence for a Flat Earth. I'm interested in 2 more things: Polar day And Polar night. When it is light 24 hours a day and dark 24 hours a day. You know this phenomenon, right? In official science, this is explained by the tilt of the Earth by 24.5 degrees and the location of the Earth relative to the Sun.
PZ : Polar day- this is when the Sun does not set below the horizon for 24 hours. That is, it spins above the Horizon Line, approaching the horizon, but not disappearing below it.
Interestingly, photographs of the Polar Day and Night most often show from the North Pole, but very rarely are they shown from the South Pole. Do you know why? Because according to the Flat Earth theory, the Sun does not illuminate the South Pole 24 hours a day. But there are no problems with the North Pole.
Here's an example.
How to check the South Polar Day?
No way.
South Pole CLOSED to visitors, CLOSED for inspection. There are only government"scientific stations" and " military". Both the first and second ( government + military) are known as liars With long, long history... It’s not for me to tell you. So there are only 2 options left:
1. At the South Pole there are no days when the Sun is 24 hours above the horizon.
2. At the South Pole there is a Polar Day, when the Sun is 24 hours above the horizon.
But even if it is indeed shown that there is a Polar Day in Antarctica, then we have a theory. It uses the concept of reflected light from a DOME. Schematically and mathematically it looks like this.
By the way, since they have already started talking about Antarctica, then our entire community is showing some kind of unhealthy interest in it. Earth Elite .
Chronicle for 2016:
1. February 12, 2016 Patriarch Kirill meets with the Pope. February 18, 2016 - urgently flies to Antarctica.
2. Beginning of March 2016 - US President Obama flies to Argentina, from where he travels for several days in Patagonia. The territory borders Antarctica, what he did for a couple of days is unknown. A NASA representative was with him on the delegation.
3. November 11-12, 2016 — US Secretary of State John Kerry 3 days after the elections in the USA - flies to Antarctica and is there, signing the next agreement
, which prohibits the entry of fishing vessels into waters near Antarctica.
There is some strange stirring around the icy wastelands among politicians and religious leaders. Don't you find it?
But let's leave this aside. Let's return to the Sun and the evidence for a Flat Earth.
You: Interesting, but that comes later. Now m I am interested in the fact that the Sun should decrease in size if it is simply moving away from us, and not set beyond the horizon as a huge disk with the same dimensions. After all, you say that the Sun is simply moving overhead in a circular path.
PZ : Let's talk seriously about the Sun.
This video will be enough to prove that the Sun decreases in size, moving away from us in a straight line when it goes to the horizon. Taken from the observatory ABOVE cloud level. Link .
Now look here. You must understand that very often we see the Sun setting above the level of the Earth. Mountains, hills, obstacles, and buildings often block our view. And since they are much closer than the real horizon, you see how the large and round Sun hides behind the “visible” horizon, although in fact, it is just REMOVED in a straight line and DECREASES.
Decreases BEFORE the “convergence point”.
In this case, the “vanishing point” blocked by a mountain. Therefore, the Sun disappears from our view with a large disk, but still decreases along the way.
Here simple experiment As proof of the Flat Earth, you can make it at home. Stretch the string across the room so that it is the same height from wall to wall. Place obstacles in his way, such as a book or a board (in this video, these are 4 bottles of beer holding a cardboard), and so that the obstacle is below the thread. And then look at what it looks like from Earth level.
Get this is the “effect”.
The sun will move away from you, and BIG will go “beyond the visible horizon”, and not as a point. That's all. No turning of the Round Earth is necessary for this.
This experiment weren't you impressed?
Okay, then what about an obstacle on the horizon like iPhone 6? Camera on the ground distance of 110 meters from the camera to the person? Consider that in our case IPHONE IS A MOUNTAIN.
A MAN IS SEEN BEHIND THE MOUNTAIN.
You : And the last question about the Sun and Moon - how do they fly in a sideways orbit? What keeps them in the sky?
PZ : Magnetic levitation. Here are working magnetic levitation devices.
Lamp ,
computer mouse,
armchair sofa ,
Maglev train on magnetic levitation.
This, by the way, explains ebb and flow on the ground. Water is repelled by magnets
! And the Moon and the Sun = sources of magnetic background, so they are simply “ part the water» under you, and she runs ashore. Gravity here, as always, is superfluous. There are ebbs and flows only in the Oceans and Seas with salt water, which are in the path of the Sun and Moon.
At home, check how ordinary tap water reacts to a comb. Just before doing this, run it through your hair to transmit the electric shock.
In the tap - normal fresh water! And sea water reacts even better to electricity. There's SOOOOOOOOOOL!
Ebbs and flows have nothing to do with the gravity of the MOON. Because most Gravity doesn't exist at all. This is Newton's fantasy and fictitious force to describe the world and facts at the beginning of the 19th century. This is what the electromagnetic repulsion of the Moon and Water looks like. Schematically.
You:Evidence 7. Satellite photos? Photos from above? Will you still say that the Earth is Flat?
PZ: Have you heard about special effects in photography? And fisheye lenses, right? These lenses greatly bend the image in order to capture large area. Here are some examples:
1. Real Round walls? Below = no distortion.
4. Round subway cars.
5. The church spire bows to the building on the right
6. The square bends...
Horizon = Curvature.
Is this what proof of a spherical Earth looks like?
Now returning to Space and the ISS. Here is a photo from 2008. Where is NASA admits , that the pictures are taken through a fisheye lens. These lenses are located at the MIR station. Come in and check it out.
Here is the same photo in Wikipedia , where it is said that the curvature of the Earth is due to the “Fish Eye”.
Why use if the earth is Round?
That's right, to bend a flat image, like proof of curvature.
Although all the photos, without corrections, tell us the opposite. Earth - Flat! From any height!
You : Proof 8. Sharovers claim that with height we see further, because we see BEYOND the horizon.
PZ : An absolutely stupid argument from the Sharovers (like all the others, by the way). Why?
Because
Here is an example - a flat lawn near a house. If you place the camera at ground level and move away from it, you " disappear over the horizon". Is this proof that a flat field suddenly has a curvature? No. Link to video .
You : I like this explanation. Accurate and with evidence.
Evidence 9. Still, what about satellites? Communications / satellite TV / GPS? How are they explained on Flat Earth?
PZ : Communication between continents without wires existed long before satellites. The first transatlantic radio communication was successfully made in 1906, from Brant Rock, USA to Machree, Scotland. No one had heard about satellites for the next 50 years, but the continents ALREADY communicated with each other.
Today, 99% of all Internet traffic travels through undersea ocean cables between continents, rather than via satellites.
Satellite dishes on houses are only called "satellite" because they all face the Horizon, NOT the sky, at a 90% angle. You see such antennas every day on houses and roofs, right? Do they look vertically UP, INTO THE SKY at the satellite?
Or —————————> TO the horizon?
"These antennas" receive ordinary radio signals from ordinary transmitting towers standing on the ground, but not from Space. Is the antenna tilt clearly visible?
What you see with your own eyes on houses is called “ tropospheric» radio communication.
The distance of “tropospheric radio communication” is 300-800 km. The signal bounces off the ionosphere. What modern scientists call the “Ionosphere,” I call the “Dome.” This is a dome over the Flat Earth that bounces radio waves down to Earth.
And everything that is less than 300-800 km can be covered with additional 300 meter towers, as in the pictures below. The signal “to the dish” comes from radio towers.
Do you recognize these 200-300 m high engineering creations?
Why do you need satellites for TV? Everything works without them.
You: And what's about GPS and Flat Earth?
PZ: GPS - Global Positioning System. Its only purpose is to convince you that it " GLOBAL “, that is = GLOBE, that is, BALL! How does it work?
In cities it works at the expense of towers mobile communications. And 3 towers are enough to determine your location exactly down to the meter. It is called - Triangulation .
Outside cities, there is a regular radio network with powerful towers that cover most of the Earth. First used during World War II for navigation of ships and planes, when no one had heard of satellites the next 20 years... The accuracy of identifying a ship at sea is 150 meters at a range of 1,500 KM! Name - LORAN And DECCA. Come in and check it out.
Here's the tower LORAN 190 meters high in Canada.
In 2000 they were renamed GPS and stuck it in your mobile phone with beautiful maps. The system is controlled by the American military, but you will never know how it actually works. Just like you won’t find out why the nuclear-powered icebreaker “KURSK” sank, and how many full-time Russian military personnel died in Donbass and Syria. The military will always lie.
As you understand, positioning systems worked successfully BEFORE the advent of even the idea... SATELLITES...
You: Does anyone else know about this theory?
PZ : Everybody knows. This is not a secret. For example, NASA in its calculations and models of aircraft flight in the air uses the model of a FLAT and NON-ROTATING Earth.
That is, future pilots are taught on models that have never heard of the need to take into account curvature, or that the surface of the Earth rotates underneath them. Why? Because it doesn't really exist.
You can download the document itself . E it is written on the first page in the first paragraph.
Here is another document for FAA (Federal Aviation Administration, USA), which states that flight simulation software should be as close to reality as possible for high-quality training of pilots in the air and training of controllers on the ground. Therefore, everything should be exactly in calculations.
Here various situations and behavior of an airplane in the sky are played out. "The Engineering Analysis and Design of the Aircraft Dynamics Model For the FAA Target Generation Facility." You can download it.
On page 32 it is written in plain text: “ We we do not take into account the rotation of the Earth, and the flight passes above the FLAT Earth«.
Simulation as close to reality as possible, right?
So what is our Reality then, dear pilots?
Official maps?
Here is the official one flat earth map for a wide range of users. Created in 1892 year, a paper copy is stored in the library of Boston, USA. What's interesting about it?
3 moment!
Moment 1 : Immediately at the top of the card it is written in large letters
"AS IT IS"
what does " In fact »
Moment 2: Right and Left says: " scientifically correct«
(scientifically and
) And " almost correct«
(practically correct). Seriously
Moment 3. At the bottom of the map it is indicated how the Sun moves in June and December. Where do they come from? June 21 and December 21.
Solstice of June.
« The white oval shows the location of the Sun in the Tropic of Cancer, in June, at noon. This causes 24 hours of sunshine in the Polar Regions (Polar Day). After June 21, the Sun begins to spiral south until it reaches its final point on December 21«
December Solstice.
« On December 21, the Sun moves across the Tropic of Capricorn, and as it moves, it illuminates the southern part of the Antarctic ice. There is no light below 80º South latitude, there are only unexplored regions of ice. On December 23, the Sun completes its movement to the South and begins to move back to the North Pole, ending its season.”
In addition, all the most serious organizations in the world such as the UN - the United Nations, ICAO - International Civil Aviation Organization, IMO - International Maritime Organization, WMO - World Meteorological Organization use the Flat Earth map. Irony, true?
Organizations controlling globe,
use Flat Earth map..
The million dollar question: “Can you find Antarctica here”?
Pilots.
Sailors.
Climatologists.
Have you found Antarctica?
And it is considered the 6th continent of the Earth, actually...
Google showed original drawing on Winter Solstice . So, by the way. Nothing special here.
2. Question 2. What experiment was carried out to reveal Gravity? - Answer . There is nothing to test here, Gravity does not exist, it is a fictitious force that exists only on paper.
3. Question 3. How does water in the oceans bend in an arc? - Answer . No way. The water in the oceans is horizontal, from the North Pole to Antarctica.
4. Question 4. Is the curvature of the Earth taken into account when constructing long bridges, rails, shipping canals and pipelines? - Answer . No, it is not taken into account, because there is no curvature. There is only height.
5. Question 5 . Physics of the XXI century. Standard model elementary particles Our Universe (in short, how everything works in the world) includes only 3 forces: electromagnetic, weak and strong interaction, DOES NOT include gravity in its calculations. - Answer . He does the right thing by not turning it on, because gravity doesn’t exist.
6 . Question 6. How did the Vacuum of Space not suck out the Atmosphere? - Answer . Atmosphere protected by the Dome.
7. Question 7. Why doesn't gravity attract clouds? - Answer . There are different densities of air near the Earth and air at altitude.
9. Question 9. How rivers (water) can flow UP? - Answer . They can’t and you know it. Water always flows down.
10. Question 10. Why do planes fly so strangely?- Answer .
Regarding the first example, a flight from Bali to Los Angeles landed in Alaska. Here Flat Earth map and a straight line between the two cities.
Regarding routes through Antarctica. Where should we fly?
Flying in a circle? From Africa to Australia - there won't be enough fuel. From South America to Australia - there won't be enough fuel. From Africa to South America - there won't be enough fuel. Keep in mind that Antarctica circles a distance much greater than the equator. And our equator itself is 40,000 km in circumference!
But, flying in a straight line like this is the way to go!
Therefore, no one will run optical Internet cables from Africa to Australia and South America. It's SOOO far away. Red zones are empty.
You : OK then. Governments know that the Earth is Flat. They have evidence of a flat Earth, a map of a Flat Earth, then what is the benefit of hiding the truth?
PZ : Because there will be a disaster in science.
No Gravity = No Globe = No Rotation = No Big Bang = No millions of galaxies, planets and stars = No aliens = No Evolution = No connecting link between living organisms and humans = Is this enough to remain silent about the shape of the Earth?
Gravity is a Religion for Scientists. Everything that cannot be explained clearly is explained by the mysterious word Gravity. From RELIGIONS DO NOT REFUSE!
Why is the Earth round? — Gravity
.
Why don't people fly away from the spinning Earth? - Gravity
.
Why doesn't water fly away from the surface of the Earth and collect at the Equator, where the maximum speed is? - Gravity
.
Why is the Moon in the Sky? - Gravity
.
Replace the word " Gravity"word" God «, and get the same result. Level 0 explanations.
Why is the Earth round? — God
.
Why don't people fly away from the spinning Earth? — God .
Why doesn't water fly away from the surface of the Earth and collect at the Equator, where the maximum speed is? — God
.
Why is the Moon in the Sky? — God
.
I'll tell you by secret:
« Gravity is the force that attracts the absurd«.
Do you know why?
Because after Newton came up with Gravity, Science has developed this way for the last 300 years.
Scientists realized thattheory of gravity will lead to a singularity (the entire Universe will eventually shrink to a point) then they came up with"Dark Energy". This is, in principle, Anti-Gravity. But, as a result of further calculations of the formulas, they realized that the expansion"Dark Energy" will lead to a rupture of Einstein’s “space-time” itself, and then they came up with"Dark Matter" which should balance"Gravitons" of gravity and "Dark Energy".
Before us is an imaginary force, which should explain another imaginary force, and so time after time, when the formulas don't stick.
But in fact: “Gravitons” do not exist, hence Dark Energy does not exist, hence Dark Matter does not exist. And when you are forced to believe in things that exist only on paper and in dreams, then this is not science, this is -"MAGIC".
Therefore, physics for 2017 has hit its forehead against the wall and is waiting for a new Prophet who will explain what and how. Without “gravities” and other “magical entities”.
What do we need?
And we need other answers to questions as old as the world: “Who are we?” and “What have they forgotten here?” Without “magic”, “gravity” and “ape-man theories”.
ORIGIN OF THE WORLD:
1. Divine version of the world. You've heard about it, the world in 6 days. According to the Bible.
2. Version - Big Bang with Evolution proposed priest Georges Lemaitre)) and Darwin.
“There was NOTHING, then suddenly nothing happened to this NOTHING and NOTHING exploded! Then everything that exploded and scattered NOTHING magically transformed itself into matter and living particles, which also magically learned to copy themselves, multiply... And then there were dinosaurs...
How do you like this theory from the Catholics from the Vatican? It is considered official “in science” for 2017. Seriously!
More options?
3. The most obvious is theory., O which we wrote quite recently. We live in the Matrix (Digital Universe), and it seems that this is a game for our distant descendants, for example children 2100. People of the Future play games of the Past. How do we play computer games about Greece, Feudalism and the Middle Ages. And our descendants play us - with 100% immersion in the virtual reality of the Past. No matter how fantastic it sounds.
All in all.
PS: You won't be able to drag your Flat Earth theory into official science. She's absurd.
2562 votes
72%
Poll Options are limited because JavaScript is disabled in your browser.
At the end of September, the domestic program “The Most Shocking Hypotheses” aired on REN-TV, which excited the public.
For a whole 45 minutes, in all seriousness, specialists, experts and even a whole former NASA employee prove to the viewer that planet Earth actually flat.
If you don't believe me, here's the show, enjoy:
Ask any schoolchild what shape our planet is. Average answer: spherical. And why all?
- Yes, they teach us that at school.
Stop fooling us! With the light hand of REN-TV, more and more people are beginning to believe in a flat Earth.
Earth figure
Any child will say that the Earth is round. Almost. Officially, our planet has the shape of a geoid, that is, a ball slightly flattened at the poles.
Adherents of revolutionary theory deny this. Among them it is believed that we live on a flat disk with curved edges, which is covered with a dome on top. The North Pole is located in the center of the disk, and the South Pole does not exist as such. This is a kind of ice wall that protects us.
Doesn't remind you of anything?
In Game of Thrones, for example, the world is also flat. And the border is a huge wall, beyond which wildlings live, and white walkers rule the roost. Who knows, maybe this is not fiction, but real story.
Why don't we know anything
There is an opinion that NASA is constantly misleading us ordinary people.
In the program “The Most Shocking Hypotheses,” ex-NASA employee Matthew Boylan himself claims that the Earth is flat and its real appearance can be seen on the UN flag.
For several years he painted a blue round planet and passed it off as reality. So, in his opinion, the department exists only to promote the theory of the sphericity of the planet.
The only way to check is to get a job in the department.
Curvature
Scientists came up with the curvature parameter. In reality, neither architects, nor militaries, nor planners ignore the fact that the planet is spherical. When calculating, it is assumed that the Earth is stationary and flat. And everything works out: the shells fall where they should, the buildings are not destroyed. If we live on a geoid, then why doesn’t this fact count?
In practice I can give an example: The city of Chicago is visible across the bay from a distance of 140 km, which contradicts science.
If the Earth were a ball, the city would sink about 1.5 km down relative to the observer.
Check it out for yourself
In May 2017, American Darryl Marble was able to simply and easily prove the flat-earther hypothesis while flying on an airplane.
If the Earth is spherical, then the ship should fly along a curved trajectory; thus, at certain intervals, the pilot needs to lower the nose of the aircraft so that it does not fly into space or into the upper atmosphere.
Darryl took a building level with him on the flight. However, throughout the 23 minutes or 326 km of travel, the plane never lowered its nose. Means, it flies exactly in a horizontal straight line, and the Earth is flat.
Try it too. Launch the construction level on your phone during your next flight.
What about space flights?
Everything is set up! The filming was edited, fortunately technology allows it. In fact, humanity has never left the near-Earth dome.
Pictures are taken using a Fisheye lens. So any straight object in the photo will become spherical. The videos are generally all edited using chromakey technology. Attentive observers notice air bubbles, studio lighting, and reflections in spacesuits.
Is everything we know a myth?
You will say that ships sooner or later disappear on the horizon. Yes, but this does not happen because the surface is curved. We simply cease to clearly distinguish objects due to the density of the atmosphere.
They say gravity doesn't exist either. Our disk simply flies upward with an acceleration of 9.8 m/s 2 and thus keeps us on the surface. True, it is not yet entirely clear why birds remain in the air, for example.
Admit it, you didn’t hold a “candle” in space. There is no 100% evidence that the Earth is spherical. This year we celebrate the 60th anniversary of the launch of the first artificial Earth satellite. Did this really happen? Was the satellite really launched into space? Or is everything rigged and we are being deceived?
It’s up to you to believe long-proven truths or become supporters of a shocking hypothesis. As they say, “trust but verify”! Whose side are you on?
