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Therefore, when planning and installation, pay attention to the requirements and recommendations of regulatory documents. If you have experience...

DIY wiring in a wooden house

Work related to electricity requires attention, compliance with rules and accuracy. Do-it-yourself electrical wiring in a wooden house requires even more attention: the material is very fire hazardous. Therefore, when planning and installation, pay attention to the requirements and recommendations of regulatory documents. If you do not have enough experience, it is very advisable to invite a competent electrician for a consultation before connecting, and even better before starting installation. He will be able to point out shortcomings and miscalculations to you.

House wiring diagram

According to current standards, when connecting electricity without a transformer, the power consumption for a private home should not exceed 15 kW. It is found by adding up the power of all electrical appliances that can be turned on at the same time. If the found figure is less than 15 kW, the input circuit breaker is set to 50 A. If the power is greater, another transformer is needed. Its parameters will be indicated to you in the project, since in this case you cannot do without it.

Where to install the input shield, requirements for the housing

Recently, representatives of energy supply organizations have been demanding that meters (and input machines, respectively) be installed on the street. This is done so that it is possible to control consumption even if the owners are not at home. But this requirement is not supported by anything, and, if you wish, you can install everything inside the house. But more often, in order not to argue with the inspectors, the requirements are fulfilled, and a machine and a meter are installed on the street.

For outdoor installation, the circuit breaker (AZ) and the meter must be in a sealed housing, protected from dust, dirt and moisture. The protection class for installation must be at least IP-55. To make it easier to monitor readings, there should be a window in the door of the electric meter box. For indoor installation wooden house the requirements are somewhat lower: IP-44, but the housing must be metal.

Organization of entrance to the house

After the introductory circuit breaker, an electric meter is installed, then another RCD is installed - for an emergency shutdown of the power supply in the presence of a short circuit, and then the cable is connected to the electrical panel inside the house. The rating of the machine inside the house should be one step lower than that set outside. In this case, if there are problems, the machine in the house will work first and you will not have to climb the wall to the input machine installed there every time.

Single-pole circuit breakers are installed in the panel, to which wires are connected, diverging throughout the premises. They are mounted on DIN rails, their number depends on how many separate “branches” of power supply are required. To find out how many machines should be in your dashboard, count the number of required groups, adding two or three free machines “for development”. These will be the “branches”. Based on the quantity received, select the electrical panel according to its size.

We divide consumers into groups

When planning the electrical wiring diagram in a wooden house, all connection points are divided into separate groups (they are often called consumption groups). For example, all sockets on the ground floor are powered from one machine, a separate device is installed on the lighting fixtures in the house, and another one is installed on the street lighting. If some powerful electrical equipment will be used - a boiler, electric boiler, electric stove, etc. - it is advisable for them to conduct separate power supply branches and install personal automatic machines. Separate protection devices are also installed for power supply to outbuildings (if you do not want to draw separate inputs to them and install a separate meter, but only on the condition that the power of all electrical appliances does not exceed 15 kW).

From a safety point of view, it is better to make as many separate power branches as possible. This will increase the number of machines and increase the cost of the project, but will reduce the number of potentially dangerous connection points. It is in the places where conductors tap out that problems most often arise: the contacts oxidize, heat up, and then begin to spark. Therefore, it is better to make the number of connections as small as possible.

And, on last stage, it is advisable to draw a diagram of the electrical distribution throughout the premises on the house plan. In this case, it is easier to draw consumer groups in different colors. This way you can more fully imagine what the electrical wiring diagram in a wooden house will look like, and it will be easier to do it yourself. For example, everything may look like the photo below.

Types of electrical wiring in a wooden house

After installing the panel and installing all the necessary machines, you can begin wiring electrical cables in the house. There are three ways to lay an electrical cable in a wooden house:

Features of closed wiring in a wooden house

As you understand, closed wiring can be done at the stage of construction or major repairs. Moreover, there are special features when laying it: all connections must be mounted in special metal boxes, to which there must be free access. They cannot be hidden under the trim, so their lids are matched to the color and/or they are tried to be placed in places that do not attract attention.

If hidden wiring in a wooden house is carried out not with a cable, but with insulated wires, the wall thickness metal pipes regulated:

for copper wire with a cross section of up to 2.5 mm 2 the wall thickness can be any;
with a cross section of up to 4 mm 2, the thickness of the metal wall must be at least 2.8 mm;
if the conductors have a cross-section from 4.5 to 10 mm 2 the pipe must have a wall of at least 3.2 mm;
with a cross section from 10.2 to 16 mm 2 the wall should be no thinner than 3.5 mm.

When laying electrical cables, there are no requirements for the thickness of the walls of a metal pipe, therefore it is permissible to lay the cables (they have double and triple insulation) in a metal corrugation or, as they also say, in a metal hose. It's much more convenient and faster.

Laying the cable in a corrugated metal hose (metal hose) is much more convenient and requires less time and money

But in any case, since the wires will be hidden, access to them is extremely limited. Making changes to an existing network is troublesome and expensive. Therefore, before you begin installing closed electrical wiring in a wooden house, carefully check the diagram and do everything very carefully and scrupulously.

Rules for installing electrical wiring cable channels

When installing open wiring or laying it in cable ducts also has its own rules. They relate to what distance from the floor, ceiling, corners and other structures they can be placed. All these standards are shown in the photo for greater clarity.

Selecting the cable cross-section and connecting it

The cross-section of the cable cores is selected depending on the planned load (in kW) and the core material. It is not at all necessary to do all the wiring with a cable with the same core. You can save money without compromising safety. To do this, a cross-section is selected for each section depending on the power of the devices that will be connected here. Their power consumption is summed up, about 20% of the reserve is added, and the cross section is selected based on this value in the table.

To connect the power supply in a wooden house, additional requirements are added: fire safety. The main thing is that the wire sheath must be non-flammable. Such wires have the letters “ng” in their names. To ensure the required degree of protection, double (VVG) or triple (NYM) cable insulation is also required.

To ensure that electrical wiring in a wooden house is done correctly with your own hands, it is best to use cables with multi-colored cores. Then you will definitely not confuse zero with phase or ground. Typically the colors are distributed like this:

If you buy a cable made in Europe, the colors are different:

“earth” - yellow-green;
“zero” - white;
"phase" - red.

Selection of sockets and switches

To ensure fire safety, sockets and switches with a metal mounting plate must be installed in a wooden house. First, it is mounted on the wall, then the external panel is installed. Acceptable use plastic plates, but the plastic must be non-flammable and have an appropriate fire safety certificate.

Moreover, to safely connect most modern equipment, three-wire sockets with a grounding wire are required. Grounding is also required when connecting lighting, but this is often not done indoors. But for outdoor lighting, grounding is necessary: here the operating conditions are much more complicated.

DIY electrical wiring in a wooden house: installation rules

In a wooden house you must constantly remember that the material is flammable and in this case It's better to play it safe. Electrical wiring in a wooden house is done with your own hands in compliance with the basic rules:

First, the entire circuit is assembled and the functionality of each branch is checked (by a tester). We check each of the power supply lines for the absence of a short circuit to ground. Only then are the wires connected to the machine. We recommend that you immediately sign what is connected. Then it's easier to find faults. Having connected one line, turn on the power supply and connect the load. If there are no problems, great - you can continue. Turn off the machines (which goes to the already tested line and the input line), work with the next line. After all lines have been checked and connected (signed), the input machine is turned on. Then, gradually, one by one, the lines are turned on.
Installation of electrical wiring in a wooden house is carried out only in whole pieces of cable without connections or twists.
The wiring is done in stages. After laying a piece of cable, be sure to check the integrity of the insulation of the laid piece of cable. To do this, the conductors and insulation are “ringed” relative to the ground and conductors.
When cutting the cable, leave a margin of length - at least 15-20 cm. If the connection is incorrect, it will be possible to reconnect without over-tightening the cables.
Be sure to follow the colors of the wires.

Subject to these rules, electrical wiring in a wooden house, made independently, will be safe and reliable.

DIY electrical wiring in a wooden house

When developing an electrical wiring diagram for a log or timber cottage, one has to face many limitations and difficulties. To do it correctly, it is necessary to comply with a lot of SNiPs and PUE standards. Wiring in a wooden house must be absolutely safe from both an electrical and fire point of view. No matter what you treat wood with, it still remains a flammable material. Therefore, styling electrical wires in a building, it should be produced with the utmost care and in compliance with the relevant rules.

Basic requirements for wiring in a wooden house

All wooden private houses are characterized by an increased fire hazard. The requirements for installing electrical wiring in them differ from those that apply to buildings made of brick or concrete. It is not for nothing that problems in the home electrical network are one of the main causes of fires in wooden cottages.

When designing electrical wiring in a wooden house, it is better to relegate issues of interior aesthetics to the background, or even the third plan. The top priority here should be safety and once again safety. It is necessary, on the one hand, to minimize the likelihood of short circuits and heating of the wires, and on the other hand, to create a non-flammable barrier between the tree and potential sparks.

If you approach the design creatively, you can include interesting external electrical wiring into the interior

There are a lot of SNiPs and GOSTs that regulate the creation of an internal electrical network in a wooden building. But the main document is the PUE (Electrical Installation Rules). In the latest reaction, it was seriously tightened in the issue of organizing electrical wiring in rooms whose walls were built from wood. Therefore, if, when studying the norms, a conflict is revealed between different documents, then it is necessary to focus on the PUE.

Options for laying electrical wiring in a wooden house

You can install electrical wires in a wooden house:

open method;
using hidden technology (inside the walls);
with laying in special cable channels.

You can use VVG or PVS cables with the prefix “ng”. Only they have insulation that is not prone to the spread of fire. In this case, other cable products should be avoided.

In cable channels

Not all professional electricians now recommend using cable ducts in wooden houses. The wiring in them is not visible and does not spoil the interior with its appearance.

However, for electricity supply lines, ordinary plastic boxes and baseboards cannot be installed along wooden walls. They are too flammable and everything is heading towards the fact that this method will be completely prohibited by regulations. If you choose cable channels, then only special non-flammable ones.

It is easiest to lay electrical wiring in cable ducts; you just need to select the right elements

Outdoor

The external option involves laying wiring in a wooden house along the walls on ceramic insulators. Typically, a double-braided twisted cable is used for this. And everything in the end looks quite beautiful both in the photo and in reality.

However, there must be a distance of at least 10 mm between the wire and the wall of the house. Otherwise, an asbestos or iron gasket should be placed between them. But this will definitely not look elegant. This type of installation should only be used in utility rooms; it is not suitable for living rooms.

External electrical wiring looks beautiful, but in residential areas, especially if there are small children, it is better not to use

Hidden

Hidden electrical wiring in a wooden house is allowed only in metal pipes (copper or steel). The use of corrugations and any plastic channels is prohibited here. They are not able to completely stop the spread of fire. And in log or timber walls, even the slightest spark inside can lead to their ignition.

This option is difficult to do with your own hands and expensive. But the wires will definitely not be visible; they will all be laid inside the partitions and ceilings.

It is better to entrust the installation of hidden electrical wiring to specialists. A mistake can be very costly

Wiring installation

Installation of internal electrical wiring in a wooden house is carried out in seven stages:

Marking on the walls of wiring lines and installation locations for sockets, switches, junction boxes, etc.
Drilling holes for electrical installations and cable channels.
Assembling an input panel with protection and an electric meter.
Laying and connecting electrical wires using terminals or soldering (welding).
Connecting switches and sockets.
Checking the insulation resistance.
General check of the system for short circuits.

The given step-by-step instructions are standard and do not depend on the material of the walls and the individual characteristics of the electrical wiring diagram being created in a private house. However, wooden cottages have their own nuances:

The first is that all passages of electrical cables through external walls made of wood, partitions and ceilings are made only using metal sleeves (tubes). Even if cable ducts and ceramic insulators are used for surface installation, electrical wiring must pass through wood only with additional protection made of metal.

Sleeves for laying electrical wiring in different rooms

Second, it is recommended to avoid twisting the cores during connection. Such places are the most problematic in terms of safety and most often heat up. In a house made of logs or timber, the best and most reliable option for connecting wires will be a terminal one. You can also solder or weld them, but this is more difficult and takes longer.

Terminal connection of wires in the junction box

Third, if the electrical wiring is installed under decor or a suspended ceiling, then it must be installed in metal pipes. Open laying is allowed only in uncovered places where the wires remain visible.

Wiring under suspended ceiling better to hide in cable channels

There is nothing particularly complicated. The main thing is to have skills in handling a screwdriver, drill and pliers. And then, in terms of complexity, independent electrical installation in your home is approximately the same as cleaning a chimney or building a heated greenhouse yourself without the involvement of hired workers.

Network connection and commissioning

After connecting the wiring, panel and sockets into a single network, it must be checked. For each line, an insulation resistance test must be carried out to ensure that the insulation resistance complies with the standards. Even a seemingly normal cable may have damage to the insulating braid that is invisible to the eye.

Without resistance testing to identify problem areas impossible in the home's electrical network. This work should be delegated to a professional electrician. It is worth doing it yourself only if you have the appropriate electrical knowledge and equipment.

A specialist should also be entrusted with the calculations of the cross-section of the cores and the RCD, and then invite a professional to perform a general check of the assembled electrical network before putting it into operation. There is no point in taking risks and experimenting with electricity.

Inputting electricity into the house

The wiring itself in a wooden house can be installed independently. However, the preparation of a proper electrical design and final inspection should be left to a competent electrician.

Connection to the general village network is made by electricians of the sales organization. They will once again check whether everything complies with the standards and technical conditions, and only then connect the cottage to the power supply. And here there is one point - if they discover that the in-house electrical network was assembled in violation of the rules, they will simply refuse the connection. Everything should be ready from the beginning for their arrival.

Options for connecting SIP to the intra-house network

Safety measures for a wooden house

Among the main errors in home electrical wiring in a wooden cottage are:

poor-quality connection of the cores (such contacts then begin to heat up);
using copper and aluminum wires simultaneously (connecting them directly is strictly prohibited);
non-use of metal sleeves and junction boxes;
use of cables that do not meet the requirements;
incorrect selection of core cross-sections and parameters of protective devices;
using plastic corrugation when laying wires in wooden walls and behind decorations.

Any of these mistakes leads to an increased risk of a fire in the cottage.

The use of plastic sleeves is prohibited

If there is even the slightest doubt about your own skills and knowledge, then electrical installation should be entrusted to a professional. With general construction everything is somewhat simpler.

For example, there are step-by-step instructions for setting up pile foundation with your own hands in the form of bored piles. It is enough to follow it and the foundation will be reliable. With electrical wiring, everything is somewhat more complicated.

When performing electrical installation work, you should also not forget about basic safety measures for their implementation. All tools used must have rubber-insulated handles, and the electrical network must be de-energized.

Conclusion

The owner himself can easily install the electrical network in the cottage. You just need to clearly understand that electrical wiring in a wooden house is not some nonsense. To properly design and assemble it, you must have the proper qualifications and certain experience. The slightest omissions will later lead to serious problems. To the arrangement of this intra-house engineering system it is important to approach it seriously.

Read about our other materials:

Private buildings made of timber and logs are distinguished by their visual appeal, comfortable living and environmental friendliness. But they are classified as buildings with an increased fire hazard, which is due to the flammability of wood. Therefore, wiring in a wooden house is carried out taking into account special requirements. They are presented in the section Electrical equipment Building codes(SNiP) and Rules for the Construction of Electrical Installations (PUE).

Installation requirements and general work plan

If you strictly adhere to the provisions of the PUE and SNiP, you can actually arrange a reliable and safe power supply system for a wooden house with your own hands. First, you need to familiarize yourself with the key requirements of these rules and regulations:

A competent, scrupulous calculation of the cable cross-section is required. Non-flammable material is used to insulate them.
It is advisable to install exposed electrical wiring.
Hidden wiring is not recommended for wooden structures. If you have to use it, you should work with cables in a metal pipe or in another sheath.
A protection device (RCD) and a circuit breaker are installed and connected in the distribution panel.

Electrical wiring is divided into external and internal. The first is laid on the street and supplied to the home network through underground wells and channels or by air (overhang).

External cables are usually made of wires with aluminum conductors, and only products with copper conductors are allowed to be used inside the home. Their connection is made in a special adapter called a sleeve. It comes from the electric meter to external wall buildings to the switchboard.

Wiring in a wooden house is laid in stages. Experienced electricians advise adhering to the following sequence of work:

The total power of the equipment that is planned to be installed in the home is calculated.
A power supply project is being prepared.
The selection and purchase of switches, sockets, wires, and technical devices is carried out.
Power is supplied to the building, the circuit breaker, electric meter and distribution panel are connected.
The cable is routed throughout the house.
Lighting fixtures, sockets, switches are installed.

Lastly, the RCD is connected and a grounding system is installed. After this, the do-it-yourself wiring is tested for operability and operational safety.

Nuances of drawing up a power supply project for a wooden house

Work should begin by obtaining specifications from your local electricity supplier. Then proceed to calculate the total power household appliances, lighting and other devices. This operation is easy to do yourself using the table below.

After the calculations, an electrical wiring diagram is created. The procedure is simple:

A technical plan for the house is being drawn up. It marks the installation points of electrical appliances, lamps, switches, sockets, and other equipment.
To connect the equipment, a suitable type of cable is selected.
The wiring diagram shows the places where the distribution boxes will be installed. One such device is usually used for two adjacent (adjacent) rooms in the house.
The plan indicates the power of each electrical appliance (taking into account the starting force for installations with its own engine).
Equipment that consumes a lot of energy (ovens, heating boilers, water heaters) are combined into one group. A separate machine is used to connect them.
Less powerful devices (chandeliers, floor lamps, etc.) are collected in another group.

The diagram marks the distances from the line along which the cable is laid to all window and doorways and removing electrical points from the ceiling and floor surfaces. This is done so that later, if repairs are needed in the house, the likelihood of damage to the wiring is minimal.

During the design process, you should adhere to several important recommendations.Electrical experts advise working according to the following standards:

The cable is laid at the top or bottom of the wall with a distance of 0.2 m from the ceiling or floor.
The distribution board is installed in the hallway of the house at a height of 150–170 cm so that children cannot reach it.
Turns of internal wiring are made at an angle of 90°.
For reasons of aesthetics and ease of use, all switches are mounted at the same height (0.8–1.5 m). They are usually fixed on the side where the handle of the doors leading into the room is located.

Sockets can be installed at any height (PUE and SNiP do not stipulate this point). But the places for their installation should be thought out as competently as possible, taking into account the arrangement of large household appliances and furniture. Then, after the repair, you will not have to use extension cords to connect electrical equipment.

Selection of wires, sockets, switches - the table will help

The electrical network in a wooden house operates without accidents or failures if the cable cross-section is correctly determined, with the help of which lighting, special equipment and household appliances are connected. Many home craftsmen find this part of the work difficult. The table for selecting the diameter of copper cores for devices operating under certain loads allows you to cope with them.

Section, mm	Voltage, V
	380		220
	power, kWt	Current, A	power, kWt	Current, A
120	171,6	260	66,0	300
95	145,2	220	57,2	260
70	118,8	180	47,3	215
50	95,7	145	38,5	175
35	75,9	115	29,7	135
25	59,4	90	25,3	115
16	49,5	75	18,7	85
10	33,0	50	15,4	70
6	26,4	40	10,1	46
4	19,8	30	8,3	38
2,5	16,5	25	5,9	27
1,5	10,5	16	4,1	19

All electrical appliances have a technical passport or instructions for use. They indicate the loads they consume. Based on this information, it is easy to select the required cables.

The safest wiring in a wooden house is obtained by using NYM copper products. They are easy to install and process, have good strength, and are equipped with additional insulation. Their only drawback is their high cost.

A cable marked VVGng is more affordable. Its insulation is carried out using PVC (polyvinyl chloride) plastic compound, which does not support combustion.

Switches and sockets are selected according to the type of electrical wiring (open or hidden), the magnitude (calculated) current, and the possibility of connecting them to a single-frame block. Cables with three cores and mandatory grounding are connected to these network elements. The latter ensures almost one hundred percent safety in the operation of household appliances.

Input wire and machine – how to choose the right one?

To determine the cross-section of the cable leading into the house, you need to calculate the total power (total rated load) of all available electrical devices and equipment. This is especially important if the wiring in a wooden house is being updated. That is, it is produced complete replacement auto switches and internal wiring.

If you need to install a new input cable on a log house or residential building made of logs, you should contact the energy supply organization. Its replacement is carried out before installation and sealing of the electricity meter.

If the building's network is designed for 380 V, a single-pole circuit breaker is installed at the input. For single-phase power supply (220 V), devices with 1 or two poles are used.

Experts advise choosing a circuit breaker with a rating that, at maximum loads, does not cut off the current supply to the home, but breaks the electrical circuit. This eliminates the risk of a short circuit.

It’s easy to decide on the type, characteristics and rating of the input circuit breaker (IA). First, the power of all electrical equipment in the house is taken. Using the formula P / U * 0.8, the maximum current indicator is calculated. Its value is multiplied by a special coefficient of 1.1 and the value at which the switch at the input is triggered is obtained (in most cases a 25 A fuse is used).

The appropriate type of VA is selected based on the short circuit current (SCC). The formula used is: I = 3260 * S (wire cross-section in millimeters) / L (cable length in meters).

The characteristics of the circuit breaker are determined by dividing the TKZ by the rated current. For individual housing construction, it is recommended to use devices of category C. They have proven themselves to be excellent when working in electrical networks with a mixed load.

The VA is mounted after the meter. These two devices are mounted in an electrical panel on a DIN rail along with RCDs and circuit breakers for individual groups of equipment, after which they begin to lay cables throughout the home.

Hidden and open wiring - features

Outside, the cable, as noted earlier, is mounted in metal pipes, which are buried in the ground, or through the air. The first method is more expensive, but truly reliable.

Before internal wiring in the house, the installation points of the distribution board and boxes, switches, sockets, and lighting fixtures are marked. The control panel is fixed at the selected location. Then the following actions are performed:

An electricity meter is mounted in the switchboard housing.
A VA is placed on the DIN rail, to which the neutral and phase are connected.
The input of the input machine is connected to the terminals of the metering device.
Switches and voltage relays for RCDs and individual power groups are installed on the rail.
All terminals of electrical equipment are connected by a wire to one core.

They proceed directly to the wiring - hidden or open. The first is installed in cases where the decoration of the walls in the home is planned to be made as attractive and aesthetic as possible. It is ideal for newly built or completely renovated houses made of timber and rounded logs.

Hidden wiring involves placing cables in special non-flammable plastic or metal (aluminium, steel, copper) boxes. The latter are laid between the facing of the vertical surface and its base.

Wiring open type It is installed in houses that have been in use for a long time and when creating retro interiors in new buildings. It is done using:

Ceramic rollers that act as insulators. This method is optimal for homes with walls made of wooden logs.
Plastic channels for cables fixed on vertical bases. Such mounting devices are available in different colors, which makes it possible to match them to any cladding option.
PVC staples. This technique is rarely used in homes due to its unattractiveness. It is more suitable for wiring in technical, utility and utility rooms.
Corrugated pipes filled with cables to a maximum of 40%.
Special skirting boards equipped with a gutter. The latter has special fasteners for the wire.

Important! It is advisable to equip passages through walls from one room to another with fire-resistant metal sleeves. And stretch the cables through them. In this case, the likelihood of a fire due to faulty wiring is significantly reduced.

Popular methods of internal cable routing

Open wiring is usually carried out using cable channels. Step-by-step instruction The execution of such an operation is given below:

The network laying line is marked (according to the existing design).
Remove the cover from the cable channel.
Attach the box to the ceiling surface or wall. Self-tapping screws are used for this. They are installed in increments of 50 cm. At the turns of the route, additional hardware is screwed in.
Distribution boxes are installed in the designated locations.
The electrical wiring is placed in the cable channels, the latter are covered with a lid, and the fasteners are snapped into place.

Important! A small amount of cable should be left at the installation points of switches and sockets. It is necessary to connect the specified elements.

The wires in the distribution boxes are connected to each other and to the terminals of sockets, circuit breakers, and switches. This part of the installation work is described in detail in the next section.

At hidden wiring The cable is often “hidden” in metal pipes. The work algorithm is simple:

They make grooves in the walls.
Install distribution boxes (so that access to them after facing the vertical bases is free).
Installing pipes. If necessary, they are pre-cut. The ends of the products are cleaned and all burrs are removed.
The pipes are secured with clamps.

The wiring is pulled through fixed metal channels. In distribution boxes, electrical conductors are twisted and insulated.

Briefly about methods of connecting wires and the intricacies of the procedure

The operation is performed by hand in one of three ways. A single internal wiring is created:

Twisted.
Self-clamping Wago terminals.
Special caps.

The first method is inexpensive and easy to implement. The insulator (4–5 cm) is removed from the ends of the cables. The wires are twisted together, soldered and wrapped with protective adhesive tape.

Wago technology involves removing 1 cm of insulation from the ends of the wires and connecting them using self-clamping terminals. The latter are selected according to the cross-sections of the cables used.

The third method requires the purchase of special caps, inside of which a conical spring is installed. The order of their use:

the wires are stripped and twisted;
cover the junction with the described product.

When the cap is screwed on, the spring firmly clamps the electrical cable. And the plastic shell plays the role of an insulator.

Nuance. The load capacity of the internal route being laid depends on the number of wire connections. The more there are, the less reliable the wiring is in operation.

Final stages of work - little things left

PUEs require that all household electrical equipment with a metal body (refrigerators and freezers, automatic washing machines, boilers, ovens) be grounded. This operation is easy to perform yourself:

Three reinforcing bars with a cross section of 3 and a length of 300 cm are cut.
A triangular ditch 0.3 m deep with sides 1 m is being dug in the courtyard of the house.
The rods are installed in the ground at the corners of the trench and connected to each other by welding and steel blanks.
An eye (loop) is attached to one of the rods. It is made of steel 10 mm thick.

The eyelet is connected in the electrical panel to the grounding conductor. It has a yellow-green insulating layer.

The residual current device is installed in the panel after the meter. It eliminates the risk of electric shock to a person if the latter breaks down on the body of household appliances. The RCD is selected based on two indicators:

Rated current. Its value is taken an order of magnitude higher than the characteristics of the circuit breaker installed in the circuit.
Leakage current. For residential premises with normal humidity, devices with a response threshold of 30 mA are purchased, for bathrooms, toilets and kitchens - 10 mA.

After installation of all elements, the wiring is checked for safety of use and operability by specialists from certified electrical centers and laboratories. They conduct comprehensive tests:

inspect the wiring for correct installation;
measure the resistance of the “zero-phase”, grounding circuit and insulation;
check the operation of RCDs and automatic machines.

The test results are recorded in the protocol. It must be presented to energy sales representatives who will come to seal the electric meter.

What is attractive about the idea of building a wooden house? This is the ecological purity of materials that can provide a comfortable and healthy microclimate in the premises of the home and, of course, the desire of homeowners to follow the traditions of Russian architecture. The modern building materials market allows you to build a house made of profiled and laminated timber, as well as rounded logs. In contrast to all the advantages inherent in houses made of wood, a problem arises with the arrangement of electrical wiring. The option of open wiring laid in cable channels does not always meet the requirements of an attractive design interior decoration premises, the homeowner is faced with the question of how to make hidden electrical wiring in a wooden house with his own hands. We will talk about this further.

Advantages of hidden wiring

The undeniable advantages of installing hidden wiring in a wooden house are:

The absence of cable channels on the walls, which have a detrimental effect on the premises and significantly complicate the process of applying wallpaper.
Minimizing the risk of mechanical damage to cables and electrical wiring.
Possibility of replacing the cable laid in the pipe.
High degree of electrical fire safety, provided that installation work is carried out correctly in accordance with the requirements of regulatory documents.

Special safety requirements

Hidden installation electrical wiring in a wooden house is very complex and requires strict compliance with standards fire safety, PUE requirements and compliance with GOST R50572 1-93. A person who does not have electrical installation experience should not attempt to do this work with their own hands. The homeowner who has invited specialists to install the installation needs to know the basic provisions about installation methods in order to control the progress of the work and in no case take this material, as step-by-step instructions.

When designing a home's electrical circuit, the main emphasis is on ensuring fire safety, even if this goes against the aesthetic component. The finished project must be agreed upon with specialists. The hidden wiring diagram should provide for a minimum of turns of the electric main. Considering the high risk of fire wooden structures, the wiring must be laid in such a way that even a tiny section of the power line does not come into contact with the wood. The cable must be laid in steel or copper pipes. It is allowed to lay electrical wiring in a corrugated metal hose, as well as in PVC corrugation, provided they are protected with plaster or asbestos gasket.

The diameter of the pipe is selected taking into account the fact that the hidden electrical wiring laid in it should occupy 40% of its internal cavity, the thickness of its walls should correspond to the cross-section of the conductive wires. Pulling an electric main through pipes can cause mechanical damage to its shell, so it must be done after each such operation. Special requirements are imposed on the brand of cable; its shell must be made of non-flammable three-layer material, and the marking of domestic samples must necessarily contain the letter symbols “NG”. For example, VVGng-p. The imported analogue is the NYM cable.

Pipes must be securely joined by threading, welding or soldering. Places for interroom transitions, as well as installation points for wiring elements, should be equipped with metal boxes or glasses, wrapped in asbestos and secured with alabaster plaster. We talked about this in more detail in a separate article.

Installation features

The most labor-intensive operation when laying hidden electrical wiring in a wooden house is installing pipes in the body of the wall. The process is quite labor-intensive, requiring the greatest possible accuracy and precision. To carry out this work, special practical skills and special high-tech tools will be required.

To install insulating pipes into walls, drilling will be required, both horizontally and vertically. Vertical holes are drilled during the process of laying the frame, horizontal holes are drilled when the walls are already erected. After the pipes are fixed in the body of the wooden walls, a wire is inserted into them, which will serve as a conductor for pulling the wire. The seats are carefully cut out to fit the dimensions of the wiring elements, and insulating metal boxes are attached to them.

An alternative option is wiring over the ceiling. Is it possible to avoid such a labor-intensive process associated with installing pipes into walls? Many homeowners, when installing hidden electrical systems in a wooden house, practice laying wiring along ceiling V attic. Fire safety requirements for this method of electrical installation remain the same; the electrical main in the attic is insulated with metal pipes or trays, only descents to switches and sockets are made through grooves or vertical drillings in the walls, as shown in the photo below:

Another option is hidden wiring in the plaster. You can take the simplest route and lay the electrical wiring between the layers of plaster. The method is primitive and inexpensive, but not very safe. Plaster actively absorbs moisture and also cracks over time, causing it to lose its insulating properties.

Helpful information

For laying hidden wiring in wood, experts recommend one developed in Germany, with three-layer insulation made of non-flammable material. The shell is so strong that it can be installed without PVC corrugation.

The home electrical network must have a TN-S or insulation system that makes it possible to ground metal pipes, trays, ducts and boxes.

It is better to equip the electrical equipment of the house with protection against short circuit currents, as well as with RCD functions.

Now you know how hidden electrical wiring can be done in a wooden house with your own hands. We hope that our installation tips, as well as the rules and requirements provided, helped you understand the essence of the work!

Materials

Installation of equipment in the panel

Having completed the external electrical installation of a wooden building, it is customary to lead the input cable through a metal sleeve into the room. To receive electricity and distribute it in the house, an input distribution board is used, which must be installed in safe places to ensure easy access.

The shield cannot be installed in rooms with high humidity

Residual current devices and circuit breakers are installed in the switchboard. Special attention is given to the selection of automation. It is recommended to use products only from well-known and reliable manufacturers.

Laying the internal network

Internal wiring in a wooden cottage is considered a guarantee of the safety of residents. Unskilled electrical installation often causes fires. There are two methods of installing wiring inside a wooden building - open and hidden. These names make it clear appearance transaction data.

Open installation method

Of the two methods, open electrical wiring in a wooden house is safer. In addition, performing such electrical work will be cheaper. The wires are laid along the inner surface of the building, attached to ceilings, walls and other structural elements. You can hide the cable various methods: decorated with a retro cable or placed in a PVC box.

Open wiring in a wooden house: the cable is placed in self-extinguishing channels

Electrical wiring is laid in self-extinguishing channels. The modern range of similar products allows you to choose the desired color of the box, which imitates wood, to suit any design. Such boxes are usually used in houses made of clapboard and rounded logs, where the walls have a flat surface.

Wiring in a cottage using a retro braided cable is another method of laying material externally. The cable looks like a twisted cord and is fixed on ceramic insulators. This installation method is considered safe because the cable has an outer insulation made of natural silk and two outer insulations made of PVC plastic. The main advantage is the gap between the surface and the cable. In addition, this type of wire can decorate any log house.

Features of hidden wiring

Hidden installation of electrical wiring is characterized by the rather inaccessible nature of the wires in the case of modernization and renovation of housing, higher prices for services and a much greater required time expenditure for work. However, the lion's share of customers prefer this technique, citing aesthetic appeal. The owners of wooden cottages do not want to spoil the interior and expensive finish of their home with electrical panels and wires.

Hidden electrical wiring in a wooden house is usually installed during the assembly stage of the house. To comply with all safety standards, the cable must be enclosed in a painted metal or galvanized pipe. All climbs to lighting fixtures, switches and sockets are made in special holes.

Hidden wiring in a wooden house is a very complex and expensive process, justified only by aesthetics

When installing electrical networks in wooden houses, it is recommended to comply with certain requirements and use special materials to ensure maximum safety and protection against fire. In the ceilings of a wooden building, the cable is placed in pipes made of non-flammable plastic, and care is taken to ensure that there is no mechanical impact on the pipe and cable.

Hidden electrical wiring can be located in grounded metal hoses and metal pipes. Log houses are subject to “shrinkage”, so it is recommended to take this into account, preventing the logs from affecting the wiring in the metal hoses. The wire passes through the wall through special metal sleeves. Both methods of installing electrical wiring have advantages and disadvantages, so a combined wiring method is often practiced.

Marking of devices, panels, cables

After completing the electrical supply project, you need to mark the cable lines and locations for switches, sockets, dimmers, panels and lamps. It is necessary to approach the markings carefully so that you do not have to redo the work performed in the future. Electrical wiring in a wooden house should be planned so that cable routes do not interfere with the installation of furniture in the future.

The wire in cable channels will look most harmonious and aesthetically pleasing. You can choose any pattern, any shade of wood. For such channels you immediately need to buy tees, plugs, and adapters. And although the price of these parts is twice as high as the boxes themselves, it is not advisable to save money, since no one will fit the non-joint areas of the boxes perfectly.

When purchasing channels, you should pay attention to the thickness of the walls and the lock of the box. Carrying out work on installing wires in miniature boxes that have thin walls and double locks, electrical installation companies do not think that in most situations, servicing electrical wiring in such boxes provokes a break in the locks if the channel covers are opened.

To add cable to the box, you will have to buy new channels and re-install the wiring and boxes. Double lock needs to be used specialized tool, which can open the lid, but absolutely not all electricians think about this. It is better to choose a box with a technologically consistent profile geometry, large walls and a single lock.

When the electrical wiring diagram in a wooden house has been studied and the cable lines have been marked, you can begin installing switches and sockets. All switches, dimmers and sockets, the bases of sconces and lamps must have a metal platform for attaching the electrical installation product to the ceiling or wall, because wiring electrical equipment on metal platforms is the most fireproof option.

After installing all the platforms, you should begin installing the cable boxes. No matter how accurate a specialist’s eye is, all electrical work must be done using a level.

Passing through wooden surfaces

All wiring passes through wooden walls, partitions, and foundations must be made through metal pipes called feed-through sleeves. Before proceeding with electrical installation of wires through combustible walls, it is recommended to drill them, then insert a metal sleeve into the hole so that its edges protrude from the combustible base on both sides by at least 1 centimeter.

It is recommended to pay special attention to ensure that such sleeves are equipped with plastic bushings at the edges that can protect the wire from cuts during installation and further operation of the power supply system, in other words, they will help preserve the cable insulation from damage. After this, the cable channel must be mounted in such a way that the end of the metal sleeve enters the box.

How to choose an electrical cable

Installation of electrical wiring in a wooden house requires a certain cable. The wire for power supply to a private home should be purchased with the index “NG”, which means “cable that does not support combustion” and with the designation “LS”, which stands for “low smoke emission”. Preferred for wiring in wooden building choose a wire that meets all existing fire safety requirements and also has all the necessary quality certificates.

The choice of wiring cross-section depends directly on the power consumed by the electrical equipment. Designers usually include 3 by 1.5 millimeters for lighting in their electrical supply projects, and 3 by 2.5 millimeters for groups of sockets. To organize power supply for electric stoves, you will need a wire with a cross-section of at least 6 millimeters square. It's better not to skimp on cable. Rosette lines must be calculated with a minimum number of outlets located on one group. If a wire is laid from the switchboard to a block that consists of 4 sockets, then it is not recommended to connect anything else to it. Only then will the electrical wiring last long years. The relationship between the cable cross-section and the power of electrical appliances can be found in the corresponding tables.

After performing such work as installing electrical wiring in a wooden house, you need to immediately measure the insulation resistance of the wiring.

This manipulation is done to ensure that the conductor insulation is not damaged during installation work. It is recommended to carry out such electrical measurements once every 3 years to protect the wooden house and its ease combustible bases from short circuits in the wiring.

Video about electricians in wooden houses

Thus, the problem of installing electrical wiring is as follows: often inexperienced craftsmen believe that the cable in a wooden building should be the same as in a simple apartment. This is unacceptable, because the wiring of a wooden structure must have increased fire safety characteristics. If you carry out the installation work according to the instructions above, the wiring in your cottage will last for many years.

Wood is considered environmentally friendly pure material for construction residential buildings, so it is not surprising that the demand for beautiful and comfortable houses made of timber or rounded logs is not decreasing. First of all, a residential building must be safe from an electrical installation point of view.

It is important to understand how to install electrical wiring in a wooden house so as not to harm the health of residents and ensure the safety of property. In the article we have presented in detail all aspects of this issue.

The presented materials present general requirements for wiring, methods for installing an electrical network in a house, rules for arranging an electrical panel and methods for installing cables. All electrical installation work must be carried out in strict accordance with the fire safety standards that we specified in the article.

Main difference wooden houses from reinforced concrete and brick structures - a high degree of fire hazard. This means that increased requirements apply to the selection of electrical devices, cables and the conditions for their installation.

According to statistics, about 1/2 of the cases of fires or fires in wooden houses or in houses with wood trim occurs due to gross errors by electricians.

If you install the socket incorrectly, do not connect the wires in the junction box carefully enough, or ignore the grounding rules, a fire may occur, followed by a fire.

Undemanding owners of a wooden house entrust electrical installation work to neighbors, acquaintances, or do it themselves, without thoroughly knowing the PUE standards. The sad result of gullibility and unprofessionalism - in the photo

It is necessary to know the basic rules of electrical installation for two reasons: to be able to carry out some of the installation or repair work yourself and to control the actions of unscrupulous “specialists”.

The following requirements should be remembered:

The technical characteristics of cables and electrical equipment must correspond as much as possible to the power consumption of the devices of each individual group.
The operation of sockets, switches, and emergency shutdown devices must be carried out taking into account the load placed on them.
It is prohibited to use cables, wires, and terminal connections when they are regularly heated.
It is necessary to completely prevent the transfer of fire from the cable to structures made of wood or other flammable materials using fireproof protection.

Electrical wiring must be completely safe for home owners, their families (especially small children) and pets.

Strict requirements come to the fore, and sometimes aesthetics have to be sacrificed. For example, owners of a wooden cottage need to come to terms with external sockets and enhanced protection for both hidden and open electrical wiring (NPB 246-97)

Material from video reviews and instructions posted on the Internet is very contradictory, so you should not rely entirely on the opinion of people in work overalls. You should focus on excerpts from regulatory documentation– sections of PUE, SNiPs, GOSTs.

Entering the power line into the house

In Russia and some other countries (unlike, for example, Europe, where the wires are hidden in the ground), electricity reaches consumers through overhead power lines - to the final support.

via self-supporting insulated wire (SIP);
underground;
by cable (used extremely rarely).

The first option is the most popular.

Electricity metering devices are also installed along with the machine. Special shields (SHUE) are designed specifically for this. According to the rules, the control panel can be installed inside the building, then the wiring diagram will change slightly.

From the central power supply line to the support on private territory or a self-supporting insulated wire (with a cross-section of at least 16 mm) is stretched directly to the house, which is secured with anchors or clamps. Height from the ground to the tensioned wire 2.75 m or more

To insulate a wire running along wooden surface, use fireproof boxes or. The transition through walls and ceilings is carried out in protective sleeves made of metal; plastic analogues are unacceptable.

SIPs are not installed inside the house. According to the standards, only copper wires can be laid inside and on top of combustible structures, therefore, aluminum analogues will also have to be excluded.

Rules for open wiring

Methods for open laying of wires should not contradict the requirements of the PUE.

Therefore, the following products can be used to attach cables to the wooden surface of walls, partitions or ceilings:

ceramic or porcelain insulators;
floor plinths with built-in cable duct;
corrugated and rigid PVC pipes;
PVC boxes;
metal boxes and pipes.

Specific names of products are indicated in project documentation, and in relation to wooden structures they must be accompanied by a fire safety certificate and be marked with the “NG” marking as non-flammable.

Installation of cable channels and other mounting elements must be thought out in advance, since protruding parts may interfere with the arrangement of furniture or solving other interior issues

Closed wiring methods

The main difference between hidden wiring is the limitation on the use of installation methods. According to the PUE standards, it is strictly prohibited to use metal sleeves, plastic boxes and PVC corrugation for hidden wiring. All products must have localization ability.

There are several reasons for this:

PVC products do not protect wires from rodents;
even the slightest damage to the insulation during installation work in the future, with increasing load, can provoke burnout of the plastic and ignition;
The metal hose is a spiral-shaped product that does not have localization characteristics, which means that even wood dust can easily penetrate inside the protection.

Fire and electrical safety rules state that only two types of products can be used for hidden wiring - a metal pipe and a box made of similar material, specifically designed for these purposes.

From the inside metal elements must be galvanized or painted so that they do not become corroded during operation.

For a strong connection, a socket or similar method is not enough, so soldering, electric welding, coupling and threaded connections are used.

An option for hidden wiring in metal pipes - in the future the ceiling will be covered with a suspended structure. This solution is suitable for laying cables in wooden floors, inside walls and partitions

The use of metal hoses, corrugations and boxes made of PVC is also permissible, but subject to the installation of a lining made of non-combustible material: concrete, alabaster, plaster.

The main stages of laying closed electrical wiring:

Route markings. It is necessary to calculate the stretch of lines so that the number of turns and intersections is minimal.
Preparation of walls and ceilings. It includes hollowing out grooves and drilling holes.
Laying metal pipes. The size of the product is selected so that the cable occupies no more than half of the internal space.
Installation metal boxes for switches and sockets. Copper pipes are attached to the boxes with flaring, steel pipes with nuts.
Installation of junction boxes. Ideally, they should be connected to the pipes by welding or soldering to ensure 100% grounding.
Electrical measurements. All metal elements of the installations must be connected to the PE bus (all lines, without exception, must have a grounding conductor).
Pulling cables into pipes. To place wires inside metal pipes, special pulling cables are used.
Installation of sockets and switches. When cutting the cable, it is necessary to make a small supply of wires in case of repair or replacement of equipment.

After the installation of hidden wiring is completed, it is necessary to contact representatives of the electrical laboratory. Many people forget that a technical report on the condition of the wiring and the quality of installation is a mandatory document.

Nowadays, wooden houses are already the norm. Everyone wants to live in an environmentally friendly home, but at the same time modern man does not want to give up the conveniences of modernity. We are talking about lighting, the use of household appliances, computers, etc. All this will become possible only if we install it inside the house electric wires, install switches and sockets, distribution boards. When we're talking about For a wooden house, which is easily flammable and burns, there are special requirements for the installation of wiring, compliance with which is the key to the safety of all residents. Let’s figure out how to properly install electrical wiring in a wooden house and what must be taken into account. The material will help you evaluate your strengths and decide whether it is possible to do all the work yourself or whether you will have to call a professional for help.

No. 1. Requirements for wiring in a wooden house

Wood is one of those types of materials that ignite easily and burn well. can easily catch fire from a normal short circuit in the electrical circuit, so the process is to minimize the likelihood of a short circuit occurring, and if it does occur, to minimize the consequences. The following requirements are put forward for wiring in a wooden house::

No. 2. Hidden wiring in a wooden house

Electrical wiring in wooden buildings can be done in two ways:

Installation of electrical wiring in a wooden house with your own hands

The organization of power supply in wooden houses has a number of points that need to be paid attention to. This is primarily due to the high flammability of wood, which means that incorrect wiring installation can easily cause a fire. Let's look at the stages of preparation and installation, and also provide recommendations and advice regarding this type of work.

Electrical wiring in a wooden house: choice of material, connection to the building

Electrical wiring in a wooden house is carried out in such a way as to minimize the risk of fire.

It must meet the following requirements:

all cable products must be with fire-resistant braiding and also insulated with fire-resistant materials (aluminum or thermal plastic tubes (corrugations) or boxes are used for their installation);
current-carrying wires must have copper conductors and a cross-section to withstand the required load (depending on the power of the connected devices);
It is also necessary to ensure that the channels for laying cables (grooves) are treated with fire protection (Neoflame, Frizol, Fukam) if they are mounted directly into wooden walls. If a wooden house has internal thermal insulation of the walls, then the cable channels are made in it; it is important to process it if it is flammable.

External wiring

Electrical wiring in a wooden house is divided into internal and external according to the type of installation. If a wooden house is located in a cottage town or private sector, then the wiring to the house is most often supplied through earthen cable channels and wells, and if in a village, then most often by a canopy (by air, by attaching wires to a cable).

When summing up electric current From the general network to buildings, self-supporting wires are most often chosen, where the insulating material is not subject to destructive effects external environment. The optimal cable cross-section is from 16 mm, and the run-up from its entry point to the ground is from 2.75 m.

Self-supporting insulated wires are mostly aluminum, and they are categorically not suitable for fire safety standards for wooden buildings, which means that before entering the room it is necessary to make a transition for the copper cable. This is done by placing an electricity meter on the outer wall of the house with an aluminum wire connected to it, from which a line will go through a special “sleeve” to the switchboard. copper cable(the sleeve is a kind of filter and adapter).

The following is also installed in electrical panels:

emergency shutdown device with 25 or 16 Ampere circuit breakers (for automatically shutting off the power supply during power surges within the network);
RCD - residual current device (for disconnecting the electrical network during voltage surges in the external network).

The choice of installation type depends largely on the type and aesthetics of the decorative design of the rooms. Installing electrical wiring in a wooden house with your own hands is quite simple, but, of course, there are special recommendations and some nuances of performing the work.

Installation of SIP electrical wire to a wooden house video-Intsrutskaya

Installation of electrical wiring in a wooden house with your own hands: interior work

Installation of electrical wiring in a wooden house may have some differences in cable laying technology, as well as in consumables regardless of the selected type. Hidden wiring is usually laid with a more aesthetically pleasing wall finish, placing them in special boxes made of metal or non-flammable plastic directly between the base of the wall and the sheathing (can be mounted in insulation). This option is ideal for major renovations of a wooden house or immediately after its construction.

Hidden electrical wiring in a wooden house is placed in fireproof boxes. If they are mounted on wood or fusible insulating materials, then before this the installation sites must be carefully treated with fire protection.

Particularly preferred as cable ducts are copper pipes or aluminum, as they are cheaper. They are preferred because they bend easily when cold and do not transfer heat when the cable heats up. Steel ones are often chosen due to their lower cost, but with significant turning radii they have to be heated with gas burners or blowtorches.

Hidden wiring in a wooden house: project development and route determination

When starting work, it is important to draw up a detailed installation project for wiring, according to which the route of wire lines is drawn and the locations of distribution and junction boxes, switches and sockets, as well as electrical network elements are installed.

As for the route itself, it is desirable that it has as few bends and inclined lines as possible (ideally, all lines should be parallel to each other and relative to the walls/floor of the room), but if this is not possible, then connecting boxes for several lines should be provided wiring. They are, as a rule, placed in the most accessible places for service, and not in ceilings or partitions.

After planning the installation route, you can prepare the walls, namely, drill holes for boxes and metal pipes or groove them, depending on the type of installation chosen.

Do-it-yourself electrician in a wooden house: how to choose the right boxes and tubes

The size of the tubes depends on the diameter of the selected cable, as well as on the number of wiring lines (it is not recommended to lay more than two lines in one tube). It is necessary that electrical wires be pulled through them easily, without occupying more than 40% of their internal area. The thickness of the metal is also important to prevent them from burning through a short circuit.

Eg:

when choosing wires made of copper (cross-section ≤ 2.5 sq. mm) and aluminum (≤ 4 sq. mm), the thickness is not standardized;
for cables with a diameter ≤ 6 sq. mm - the thickness must be at least 2.5 millimeters;
a minimum of 2.8 mm is allowed for aluminum and copper pipes with a cross-section ≤ 10 and 4 sq. mm, respectively;
3.2 millimeters - for wires with a diameter of ≤ 25 and 10 sq. mm.

Basic rules when performing work

Having prepared the surfaces, you can begin laying boxes and placing socket boxes and switches. To do this, sockets are drilled into the surfaces the right size and the pipes are installed, to which the mounting boxes will be attached.

In the case when a copper cable is used, after installation it is important to flare the ends and solder them to the box itself, and the steel edges can be attached by welding. Junction boxes are installed in the same way, the main thing is that all connections have reliable anti-corrosion protection, and all elements of the overall structure are grounded without breaks in the circuit.

For electrical wiring, three- or five-core wires are usually used, equipped with grounding conductors. Special bushings are installed at the ends of the pipes to protect the insulation from possible damage.

Installation of electrical wiring in a wooden house video

Open wiring in a wooden house

Photo 4. Do-it-yourself electrical wiring in a wooden house. Types of installation, connecting the power panel

Installation of electrical wiring in an open-type wooden house is carried out using cable ducts, roller insulators or baseboards specially designed for this purpose. This type of cable laying is preferable for wooden houses where repairs have already been made, the walls are insulated and covered facing material.

Wiring in cable channels

Such devices are boxes that are mounted on the wall and, after wiring, are closed with locking fasteners. Here, a non-flammable cable is usually chosen (BBGng, NYM), and the channels themselves must also be fire-resistant. The main advantages of this method are ease of installation and easy access to wires.

Isolator rollers

Insulating rollers are not new to open-type electrical wiring assembly. Here special cables are taken, which consist of stranded copper cores with a polyvinyl chloride insulating sheath and a silk coating impregnated with a fire-resistant compound.

For buildings made of wood, exposed wires should be placed at least 1 cm from the wall, and insulators that look like rollers are used as fastenings. It doesn’t always look aesthetically pleasing, so this method more suitable for conducting electricity to utility or utility buildings.

Electrical skirting boards

Skirting boxes - used for laying cables under the ceiling or above the floor. They are comfortable, safe and at the same time look quite attractive and do not interfere with the overall interior design. Another plus is that you always have access to the wires themselves, just like when using conventional boxes, but at the same time, all elements are hidden from prying eyes.

Skirting boards are usually used in conjunction with boxes and are ideal for organizing additional connections when the electrical network is already ready or repairs have been made.

Installation of a junction box in a wooden house video

Switches and sockets for a wooden house

After studying the electrical diagram and marking the cable lines, you can begin installing all sockets and switches. For greater fire safety, they, as well as the bases of any lamps, sconces and dimmers, must have metal backings for attachment to walls or ceilings.

Bottom line

As you can see, electrical installation work in a wooden house can be done independently. Of course, you will need to carefully study the diagrams and features, make a lot of calculations and measurements, but if you follow the safety rules and adhere to our instructions, wiring electricity will not cause any problems.