Most modern users perceive the heating system as a set of pipes and radiators, supplemented by a heating boiler and. But such opinions are erroneous. It also contains a number of auxiliary components, without which the heating operation, to put it mildly, would not be of very high quality. One of these elements is a balancing tap or valve.
Purpose
A balancing valve in a heating system is used to ensure proper distribution of heat transfer. That is, there are times when in one room the batteries are hotter than required, and in another they are much colder than desired. That is, improper distribution of the coolant occurs. This means that adjustment is required to correct this situation.
A balancing valve is a type of shut-off valve through which hydraulic resistance is regulated. This is achieved by changing the cross-sectional diameter of the pipe in a certain area.
Recently, when designing heating (for both apartment buildings and private houses). However, what should owners of ready-made heating systems do?
There are several “symptoms” that indicate the need to install shut-off valves of this type:
- Absence comfortable temperature even at maximum load.
- Significant fluctuations in room temperature with a constantly equal load in the heating system.
- Difficulties in starting the system - inability to reach rated power.
All this indicates that it is necessary to install a balancing valve and carry out regulation. It will allow you to adjust the flow of coolant to one or another part of the system.
Benefits of use
Installing a balancing valve will help solve the above problems in heating operation.
In addition, the following advantages of using this equipment can be highlighted:
- Reduced costs - that is, owners of private houses note that after balancing the system, the amount of fuel consumed decreases.
- Increasing indoor comfort – something you can achieve for everyone separate room whatever temperature level is most suitable.
- No difficulties during startup - the use of balancing fittings will simplify the startup of the system as much as possible.
The element is installed using special fittings and adapters. In this case, you should be careful: some taps can be installed on pipes with a certain direction of coolant movement.
On such taps there is a special arrow that shows in which direction the water should move in the pipe. If you install a valve without following this instruction, an attempt to regulate the system with its help may lead to breakdown of the element itself and failure of the entire operation. heating system.
If it is difficult for you to install a balancing valve yourself, then You can order this service from professional installers. Write in the form on the right on our website - and a consultant will advise you on prices for services and answer additional questions.
Regulation
After installing the valve, using special equipment, measurements are taken to determine to what level adjustment is required. Some experts call this method quite labor intensive.
Important: before carrying out the balancing procedure, you should start the heating system, connect the necessary measuring equipment– this will make it possible to determine the quality of work.
More accurate balancing results can be obtained by dividing the heating system into separate segments and adding balancing fittings to each of them. In this case, the balancing procedure itself will take considerable time - it will be necessary to adjust each individual valve. But the results will be much better.
The problem of uneven distribution of heating in multi-circuit heating systems occurs quite often. The coolant flow is similar electric current, therefore flows along the path of minimum resistance. It turns out that the farther you are from the boiler, the less heat consumption is compared to the distance from it. To equalize this indicator, craftsmen use a balancing valve.
Sometimes, in order to save money, an ordinary tap is installed to adjust the level of cross-country ability, but this setting is more rough and inaccurate, while the balancing valve copes with its task perfectly. The choice is influenced by the result that residents strive to obtain. Often, craftsmen install a ball valve with a long switch and turn the lever in different directions, which also causes inconvenience. Device balancing valve initially has special inputs that act as flow measurements. It uses the elements of the heating system to the maximum, forces them to give off all the heat, with the possibility of adjustments at any time.
Design and operating principle
The mechanism is that the valve device changes the internal flow area. Turning the handle activates the nut and spindle. When unscrewed, the final element rises to the upper position from the lower one. If it is located in the lower part, the parts reliably block the flow, preventing the coolant from passing through the pipes. In other words, when the valve is unscrewed, the spool allows a certain amount of heat to pass through, increasing permeability. When closed, the hole narrows, making the flow negligible.
The radiator structure, necessary for the mechanical adjustment of the heating branches, is created on the basis of the following elements:
- brass frame with threaded pipes for connecting pipes. There is a molded seat on the inside round shape in vertical format;
- a locking and adjusting spindle with a working area in the form of a frame, which fits into the saddle when screwed. It determines the exact amount of water flow;
- sealing ring made of rubber;
- a cap made of metal or plastic that acts as a protector.
Main valve models differ from radiator valves in dimensions, inclined spindle arrangement and fittings. They perform the following role:
- coolant drain;
- connection of measuring devices;
- installation of a capillary tube from a pressure corrector.
The number of revolutions from closed to maximum open state is from 3 to 5, this indicator is different for each manufacturer. To change the position of the rod, an ordinary or specialized hex key is required.
What is the pressure difference between two points
When the master adjusts the flow rate using a balancing valve, the pressure loss on the pipes and on the valve becomes different, which changes the pressure drop on the balancing valves.
The calculation of this difference is worth considering using an example. Thus, pressure gauges are installed on the supply and return pipelines, which show the pressure level at these points. The difference will be considered a value that is equal to the difference between two pressure gauges. In other words, if one device produces a value of 1.5 Bar, and another - 1.6 Bar, then the difference is 0.1 Bar. If the valve is automatic, it independently corrects the difference between the points. This element always comes in pairs, since feeling the deviation is very important.
Mechanical balancer
The manual valve works great with stable pressure. Ideal for apartments and houses with Not big amount heating radiators. Makes it easier to carry out repair work, since it does not need to turn off the entire heating system. Effective action is carried out in those rooms where the number of radiators does not exceed 5 units.
With a significant number of batteries mechanical devices causes valves to malfunction. At the moment when the thermostat on the first radiator is closed, the fluid flow on the second increases. Then the temperature of the coolant in some batteries rises to a boil, but in others it heats up too little. Only automatic valve models can cope with this problem.
Automatic balancer
Installation of devices is carried out on branches or risers with big number radiators. They differ from the first type in the principle of operation. The valve is moved to the position of maximum liquid consumption. When the coolant flow rate decreases by the thermostat of one of the radiators, the pressure increases. Then the capillary tube mechanism begins work, which immediately begins to analyze the pressure drop. In general, the advantages of automatic balancers are as follows:
- the presence of a capillary tube, which facilitates instantaneous adjustment;
- the mechanism does not change the pressure level, preventing fluctuations from disturbing it;
- If desired, masters can create “independent areas”.
The flow adjustment is carried out so instantly that the next thermostats do not yet have time to completely close. This ensures that the system operates in a constantly balanced manner.
Application options
In private homes, mechanical models are often used. They are quite enough to heat a building with an area of up to 500 m². Installation of manual main valves is carried out in the following situations:
- in buildings with an extensive heating system with many risers;
- V apartment buildings equipped with an individual boiler room;
- when connecting a solid fuel boiler with an existing heat accumulator.
Radiator models are installed at the outlet of the heater, while main valves are installed exclusively in the pipeline that returns the cooled liquid to the boiler room. If the structure is mounted in conjunction with an automatic valve, then it can be located in both the return and supply pipelines.
Steel and aluminum radiators with a bottom connection, they are often initially equipped with taps using specialized fittings that serve as attachment of connections to such parts. The need to install valves also disappears in the following cases:
- in dead-end mechanisms of insignificant length, with identical hydraulic “shoulders”;
- when all batteries have preset thermostatic valves;
- on the final radiator (dead-end);
- in collector plan mechanisms.
Thermostats with presetting, mounted on the liquid supply, also cope with the operation of the balance valve, which is why a shut-off ball valve can be attached to the outlet of the heating mechanism. In a similar way, the fittings are installed on the connections to the last battery in the chain, and since there is no need for adjustment, it should be completely open.
Installation and operation
Professionals leave a small gap in front of the valve and straight pipe. This prevents kinks from occurring that impede water movement. In order to protect against dirt and dust getting on the adjustment elements, a special filter is installed directly in front of the valve. Before installation, the pipe itself must be washed and checked for damage. Next, installation is carried out as follows:
- The master determines the area where the valve will be installed in the future. The dimensions of the straight pipe zones before and after the element must comply with the following parameters: 5 diameters in front of the part, 2 or more after it, as this eliminates turbulence.
- The valve is screwed into a pipe pre-equipped with tow. Thread cutting can be done with a die or other similar tool. The main thing is that it is at least 7 turns.
Installation of the valve is easily carried out according to the principle of installing a ball valve. How exactly the valve itself is placed in space is not particularly important. The main thing is that the arrow on the body matches the direction of the water flow. Otherwise, the part will contribute to fluid resistance.
How to balance a radiator network
Often, craftsmen find out the coolant flow this way: the number of revolutions of the balancing valve is divided by the number heating elements. In this way they calculate the adjustment step. Further, moving from the last battery to the first, the valves are tightened based on the degree of difference in speed.
The calculation is approximate and takes into account the different power of the batteries, which is why the method is resorted to only before pre-setting during operation. Only specialists can set up the device correctly, since the process requires additional skills and knowledge. Step by step it looks like this:
- All valves open and are brought to the operating format, where the supply temperature is equal to 80 °C.
- The temperature of all heating elements is measured.
- The identified difference is eliminated: the taps of the first and middle batteries are opened slightly. The closest one opens by 1-1.5 turns, the second ones by 2-2.5.
After 20 minutes, the technician takes measurements again, since during this time complete adaptation to the new settings occurs. An ideally tuned system has a minimal temperature difference between the nearest and farthest radiator.
Manufacturers
Today, the most famous manufacturers of balancing valves are the brands Danfoss, Herz, Caleffi, Oventrop and others. They produce products in two formats - angular and straight. The principle of their operation is identical, so only the shape changes. The pressure and temperature indicators are also different for all manufacturers. It is advisable to choose exactly the faucet that fully matches the characteristics of the heating system.
The balancing valve promotes uniform distribution of heating in multi-circuit systems. It does not matter at what distance from the boiler the radiator is located, since a properly configured valve allows you to heat all rooms at the same temperature.
Any heating system needs timely and high-quality adjustment; these manipulations can be carried out in a variety of ways.
Only if all parameters in individual sections of the network are as close as possible to the calculated data will it be possible to achieve high efficiency work.
That is why, for high-quality adjustment, a universal balancing valve for the heating system is used.
Requires precise superstructure of all data for maximum efficient work
a brief description of
Every heating system needs professional hydraulic tuning. The main task of such an adjustment is to regulate fuel consumption to the initial calculated value, so that the required amount of heat is supplied to each installed battery. The system setup itself displays the final water consumption for a certain area, which was previously calculated.
It must be remembered that any water system requires initial setup Traditional schemes involve ensuring optimal flow rates with a special pipe diameter. If the heating system has more complex configurations, then adjustment is carried out with universal washers.
Each of them has a certain passage diameter, due to which the required volume of water is supplied.
Of course, such configuration methods do not apply to innovative technologies, since in modern world It is common to use an automatic balancing valve for a heating system. It is customary to add two fittings to this mechanism, which constantly test the pressure value in different zones in relation to the main control device.
Such parts are also used for mounting a specific capillary tube. Experts say that modern fittings interact perfectly with various elements management.
In this video you will learn how the balancing valve works:
Features and Benefits
Those who have already worked with control valves note that their characteristics are almost similar to other pipeline elements. For the manufacture of such parts, brass and bronze are used, but galvanized products can also be found. Interesting fact It is believed that more than 90% of the total assortment on the world market is occupied by brass valves. This trend arose due to their reliability and durability.
Reliability and durability are the main factors when choosing a valve Among the many positive characteristics of balancing valves for heating systems, the following can be noted:
- Affordable price.
- The work associated with the planned setup of the system is significantly simplified.
- High degree of reliability.
- The master has an excellent opportunity to conduct fine tuning temperature and pressure level.
- Long service life.
There are practically no negative characteristics of such products. In addition to this, in household use There is simply no alternative to balancing valves.
Types of valves and their design features
Today there are two types of control valves, each of which has its own performance characteristics. Before buying a particular model, you need to carefully study their basic description. Most often, all specialists install the following balancing valves:
- Universal unit with automatic system management. A special feature of such products is that they completely control the heating system without human intervention. The functionality of the valve allows you to maintain a constant pressure difference between the return and supply two-pipe system. Concerning single-pipe heating, the device controls the continuous flow of coolant. There are multifunctional models on sale that work perfectly in tandem with each other. The use of such units leads to changes in the flow rate and pressure difference in the pipeline. It is worth noting that the coordinated operation of such valves occurs thanks to a special impulse tube. Interior The automatic device is more reminiscent of a piston pressure reducer. But they should not be confused, because they perform completely different functions.
- Manual valve. This device occupies a leading position in demand due to affordable price and durability.
Any quality part should include o-rings, for example But among the main ones design features experts note several nuances. The thing is that a high-quality part must consist of the following elements:
- Universal adjustment spindle. The main working part is presented in the form of a cone, screwed into a special saddle. At the moment the spindle is activated, the coolant flow is completely blocked.
- The cap, which can be made from various materials, but most often made of plastic. It is worth noting that metal products are considered to be of the highest quality and most durable.
- A durable brass body, which is equipped with all the necessary threaded pipes so that the user can connect the pipes. In the internal compartment of the device there is a special saddle in the form of a small vertical channel.
- O-rings made of high quality rubber.
But main feature Such a valve is that it is equipped with two fittings at once.
These units perform the following functions:
- They control the pressure level inside the system both before and after the valve.
- Provide reliable fixation of the capillary tube.
Each fitting necessarily measures the pressure level, and if during operation sudden changes in values were detected on the regulating mechanism, then the water flow is calculated.
Three-way valve for heating systems:
Operating principle according to the standard scheme
Novice craftsmen are often interested in why a balancing valve is needed in a heating system. But before you get acquainted with the functionality of this unit, it is necessary to study the principle of setting up the system. It is enough for the master to imagine a dead-end branch with several standard batteries, which act as a kind of source of energy consumption. A certain volume of heated coolant is supplied to them.
It is worth noting that the design temperature is selected based on the fact that it is enough to heat a certain room.
The exact cost figure will be known only after the master has carried out all the necessary calculations.
Difficulties arise when special thermostatic valves are not installed on the radiators. The thing is that any hydraulic adjustments will be made using a manual balancing valve. Fix this part on the return pipeline. When all the necessary calculations have been made, the valve is set to a certain number of revolutions. As practice shows, a constant flow rate is always observed in the regulated branch.
During installation, you will save on radiators Despite this, many owners of private houses are wondering how to properly adjust the valve when the flow changes periodically. Initially, it should be noted that this situation occurs when conventional radiators are equipped with universal thermostatic regulators responsible for heating the room. Such details can create an additional obstacle in the path of water, which will affect the flow intensity. In this case, the flow rates will change significantly in the return pipeline.
Timely installation of balancing devices will allow you to achieve the effect when you do not need to install too many radiators (usually 5 pieces are enough). If the master decides to limit the thermostat control limits, he will be able to quickly adjust the heating circuit.
Of course, there can be more than five radiators, but they will definitely go to waste. If you block the flow of coolant from the thermostat of the first radiator, the technician will be faced with an increase in flow to the second battery. The valve will definitely close, and the flow will go to the next unit. It is this principle of operation that will be considered relevant for all heat consumers. If the technician does not take urgent measures, then some radiators will overheat very much, while others, on the contrary, will not have enough coolant.
Balancing valve with internal thread STAD:
Professional installation
Installation and adjustment of the balancing valve is not considered difficult, since Every man can cope with these tasks. The main difficulty can only arise from the fact that it will be difficult for the master to achieve a certain position of the unit. The arrow on the body must be in the direction of water movement. Only in this case can you get the optimal design resistance and correct consumption. Some modern manufacturers allow installation of the valve both in the direction and against the main flow. Depending on the chosen model, the rod may occupy different positions.
A quality valve must provide for the need reliable protection working parts of the valves: ingress of various mechanical contaminants is unacceptable. It is for this purpose that a special mud trap or filter is mounted in front of the device. To avoid turbulent water flow, it is necessary to provide straight sections of pipe of sufficient length both before and after the valve.
It is worth noting that this very requirement is included in the accompanying documentation of reliable manufacturers.
Network balancing
Most often, those masters who professional level engaged in the installation of heating systems, determine the coolant flow on the batteries very in a simple way : take the total number of revolutions of the balancing valve and divide by the number of used heating devices. Such simple steps help to find out the optimal adjustment step. Gradually moving from the last radiator to the first, carefully close the taps with the resulting difference in speed.
In addition to the main adjustment method, there is an additional, possibly more accurate Of course, this method is approximate, since it does not provide for the option that batteries can be of different power. That is why it is better to use it for preliminary tuning, which allows for certain corrections to be made during active operation.
A completely different method, which is based on measuring the actual surface temperature of batteries, deserves special attention. The balancing valve can be adjusted correctly as follows:
- Initially, you need to gradually open absolutely all the valves and put the system into operating mode with a supply temperature of +80˚C.
- Using a contact thermometer, it is necessary to measure the temperature of each heating device.
- All differences in data must be eliminated by tightening the taps of the middle and first batteries. It is forbidden to touch the latter. The near radiator should be opened slightly by 1.5 turns of the valve, but the middle ones by 2.5.
- The system needs to be given a little time to adapt to completely new operating conditions. After 30 minutes, you need to take measurements again. The main task of the master is to achieve a minimum temperature difference between the batteries closest and farthest to the boiler.
It is especially worth considering that weather and the temperature outside the window do not affect the performance at all, only the difference in the heating of the radiators is important.
Disassembly of automatic balancing valves ASV series:
Experienced installers of heating systems note that any adjustment work should be carried out on the basis of calculated data, which is especially important when drawing up project documentation. To prevent errors, you need to use a special valve diagram and measurements taken in advance. The adjustment process begins only when the handle rotates and the spindle moves. If the master does not have all the necessary measurements at hand, then the adjustment process itself will be considered conditional. In this case, efficiency and accuracy cannot even be discussed.
As for straight pipe sections that prevent water turbulence, their length must be at least 10 cm. If we are talking about automatic device, then the main assembly must have a fitting, which plays an important role in filling the circuit with the inlet valve closed.
Large multi-circuit heating systems quite often encounter the problem of uneven heating different rooms. The coolant flows along the path of least resistance, which is why the farther from the heat source, the less thermal energy consumption than next to it. A manual or automatic balancing valve for a heating system (otherwise known as a valve) is used to equalize the coolant flow in different branches.
The design of the radiator element, which serves for manual balancing of heating branches, consists of the following parts:
- A body with threaded pipes used to connect pipes, made of brass. Using casting, a so-called saddle is made inside, which is a round vertical channel that expands slightly upward.
- A shut-off and regulating spindle, the working part of which has the shape of a cone, which enters the saddle during twisting, thereby limiting the flow of water.
- O-rings made of EPDM rubber.
- Protective cap made of plastic or metal.
Everyone has famous manufacturers Products come in two types - angular and straight. Only the shape has changed, but the operating principle is the same.
How a valve works in a heating system: as the spindle rotates, the flow area decreases or increases, thereby making adjustments. The number of revolutions, from closed to open, to the maximum level varies from three to five revolutions, depending on who the manufacturer of the product is. To turn the rod, use a regular or special hexagon-shaped key.
Compared to radiator valves, main valves have a different size, an inclined spindle position, and excellent fittings, which are necessary for:
- to drain the coolant if necessary
- connecting metering and control devices;
- connecting the capillary tube coming from the pressure regulator.
It is also necessary to mention that not every system needs balancing as such. For example, 2-3 short dead-end branches, equipped with 2 radiators on each, can immediately enter normal operating mode, provided that the diameter of the pipes is selected accurately and the distances between the devices are not very large. Now let's look at 2 situations:
- There are 2-4 heating branches of unequal length leading from the boiler, the number of radiators on each is from 4 to 10.
- The same thing, only the radiators are equipped with thermostatic valves.
Since the bulk of the coolant always flows along the path with the least hydraulic resistance, in the first case, most of the heat will be received by the first radiators, which are closest to the boiler. If the flow of coolant to these batteries is not limited, then those standing at the very end of the batteries will receive the least amount of thermal energy, and thus the difference between temperature conditions will be from 10°C or more.
To ensure that the farthest batteries are provided required quantity coolant, balancing valves are installed on the connections to the nearest radiators from the boiler. By partial overlap internal section pipes, they restrict the flow of water, thereby increasing the hydraulic resistance of a given section. In a similar way, the supply is regulated in systems where there are 5 or more dead-end branches.
In the second case, the situation is somewhat more complicated. Installation of radiator thermostats makes it possible to change the water flow automatically if necessary. On long branches with a large number of heating devices that are equipped with thermostats, balancing valves are combined with automatic differential pressure regulators.
The latter, using a capillary tube, are connected to a balance valve, react to a decrease or increase in coolant flow in the system and maintain the return pressure at the required level. Thus, the coolant is evenly distributed among consumers, despite the fact that the thermostats are activated.
What types of balancing valves are there?
Standard ball valves for heating radiators are unable to regulate the distribution of thermal energy in pipes and radiators. But nevertheless, in order to distribute heat evenly in the rooms, such adjustment is simply necessary.
There are two types of balancing valves - manual and automatic. Manual ones are necessary in order to configure the network during its installation, and automatic ones change the parameters of the heating network at the time of heating.
When selecting a valve, you need to take into account many characteristics, which include:
- type and characteristics of the coolant;
- installation location in the system;
- adjustment characteristics;
- adjustment parameters;
- classification of buildings;
The types of heating systems directly depend on the coolant they use. It can be antifreeze, steam, water. They directly affect the performance of the system.
An important characteristic is the purpose of the system. The parameters of hot and cold water supply and heating systems differ quite greatly. For example, in DHW system Only thermostatic balancing valves are used.
The type of building where the balancing valve will be installed is of great importance. The installation location of the valve also plays a fairly important role, since the return and supply pipelines differ quite significantly from each other in characteristics. And because of this, the balancing devices that will be mounted on them will have significant differences.
Where and when is the main valve installed?
Most private homes use manual radiator valves. They are quite enough for normal adjustment of water heating in cottages whose area does not exceed more than 500 m². Installation Installation of main-type balancing valves in the heating system is done in the following cases:
- in buildings where an extensive heating network with a large number of risers is installed;
- V apartment buildings, which are heated by their own boiler room;
- when connecting a solid fuel boiler with a heat accumulator.
Once you have an idea of the purposes of balancing valves, you need to understand the specific locations of their installation. Radiator valves must be installed at the outlet of the heater, that is, on the return line, and main valves must be installed on the pipeline that brings cooled water from consumers to the boiler room. In the case when the element is paired with an automatic pressure regulator, it can be installed both in the return and supply pipelines, depending on how the circuit itself is designed.
Note: aluminum and steel radiators With bottom connection are already equipped with a balancing tap, which is built into the special fittings that are necessary to connect the connections to such devices.
We list the points in which it is not necessary to install control valves:
- in short-term dead-end systems, which have identical hydraulic “shoulders”;
- in the case when the batteries are equipped thermostatic valves with preset;
- in collector-type heating systems.
- on the last (dead-end) heating radiator;
Temperature regulators with presetting, which are installed on the water supply to the battery, also act as a balance valve, therefore it is necessary to install a shut-off ball valve at the outlet of the heating device. Such fittings are installed on the connections to the last radiator in the chain, since there is no particular point in adjusting it, and it must be completely open.
How to balance a heating system?
As a rule, heating system installers determine the coolant flow in the batteries quite simple method: the number of revolutions of the balancing valve is divided by the number of heating devices and thus the adjustment step is calculated. Moving from the last radiator to the first, the taps are tightened with the resulting speed difference.
For example, one arm of the dead-end system is equipped with 5 radiators with manual valves for 4.5 spindle turns. 4.5 must be divided by 5, as a result we get approximately 0.9 revolutions. And thus the penultimate device must be opened by 3.6 turns, the third by 2., the second by 1.8 and finally the very first by 0.9 turns.
The method is very approximate and takes into account different radiator powers, and is therefore used exclusively as a preliminary setting with adjustments during operation.
During installation, the following manipulations must be performed:
- check the system installation;
- in the place where the valve is to be installed, it is necessary to cut a thread;
- prepare the valve for installation;
- install the valve in its place in the system;
- A filter must be installed in front of the valve.
After the balancing valve is installed in the heating system, you need to begin the process of setting it up. This operation can only be carried out by specialists, as it requires additional knowledge and equipment.
Step-by-step instructions for balancing can be presented as follows:
- All balancing valves must be opened to the limit and the system brought into operating mode, whose supply temperature will be 80°C.
- Using a contact thermometer, it is necessary to measure the temperature of all heating devices.
- In order to eliminate the resulting difference, it is necessary to close the taps of the first and middle batteries; there is no need to touch the end batteries. The near heating radiator must be opened by 1-1.5 turns, and the middle ones by 2-2.5.
- The system will take about 20 minutes to adapt to the new settings, after which it will be necessary to take measurements again. The main task is to achieve a minimum temperature difference between the nearest and farthest radiators.
Note. Weather and outside temperature do not matter, the only important characteristic is the difference in heating of the batteries.
Installation of balancing valves is necessary for large systems heating. They help to optimally distribute the coolant throughout all circuits. For such equipment, correct operation is achieved correct installation and setting. The installation of valves should only be considered when designing the system.
To the owner of the house who is engaged in self-installation equipment for the heating system, you will certainly have to deal with balancing. It is quite easy to implement if all devices except the last one have balance valves.
The best choice would be models that can be easily adjusted with a screwdriver or wrench, rather than using a plastic handle that children can reach. Perhaps in winter period you will have to adjust the position of the spindles, since heat loss in the rooms varies.
Advice: there is no need to make sudden movements, and open taps in cold rooms slowly by ¼ turn.
