Let's look at the anatomy of the internal organs of a person and its anatomical systems in pictures, as well as photos of how they look in the human body.

(Human anatomy, photo No. 1.1)

(Human anatomy, photo No. 1.2)

Photo of human anatomy, his nervous system. In one day, 3 billion is delivered and processed to the central nervous system. messages. Our brain is forced to analyze all this and make choices about what to ignore and what to react to, this happens in less than one second.

(Human anatomy, photo No. 2.1)

(Human anatomy, photo No. 2.2)

(Human anatomy, photo No. 2.3)

Anatomy of the body, photo of the circulatory system. During rest, a person's heart pumps approximately five liters of blood throughout the body every minute. To accomplish everything you need to live is incredible a complex system The blood circulation uses about 60,000 miles of blood vessels.

(Human anatomy, photo No. 3.1)

(Human anatomy, photo No. 3.2)

Human photo, anatomy digestive system. The duodenum is the center of digestive function, as it receives stomach hummus, as well as bile from the liver and enzymes from the pancreas. It is impossible for such complex channels to evolve simultaneously.

(Human anatomy, photo No. 4.1)

(Human anatomy, photo No. 4.2)

Human anatomy in pictures, muscular system. There are about 700 individual muscles in the human body, coordinated with each other without any defects; such a system could not have arisen gradually during evolution.

(Human anatomy, photo No. 5.1)

(Human anatomy, photo No. 5.2)

Photos of human bone anatomy. A human thigh bone can support one ton of weight, how is this possible? The structure of human bones is hollow inside and is arranged in the same way as in the structures of bridges and buildings in our time.

(Human anatomy, photo No. 6.1)

(Human anatomy, photo No. 6.2)

Human anatomy photo of the lymphatic system. Lymph nodes are cleansing centers of the entire human body; they are responsible for transporting toxins and cleaning the internal environment. Did you know that thanks to regular exercise, the lymphatic system will be fine?

(Human anatomy, photo No. 7.1)

(Human anatomy, photo No. 7.2)

The brain is the general of our body. In pictures, Anatomy of the brain, its parts responsible for various functions of the body. The human brain is incredibly complex and weighs only from 1 kg to two kg, depending on age.

(Human anatomy, photo No. 8.1)

(Human anatomy, photo No. 8.2)

Anatomy photo of the heart- double pump with autonomic nervous system. To maintain life, the human heart must beat approximately 100,000 times a day without interruption or stop.

(Human anatomy, photo No. 9.1)

(Human anatomy, photo No. 9.2)

Human anatomy, lungs in the photo. In one day, our lungs pass 12,000 liters through themselves. air and 6,000 l. Blood. It is interesting that humans have not observed a single beneficial mutation in the lungs, but only harmful ones, this indicates the impossibility of the evolution of the lungs.

(Human anatomy, photo No. 10.1)

(Human anatomy, photo No. 10.2)

Picture anatomy of the human liver. The liver claims to be the largest glandular organ in the human body.

(Human anatomy, photo No. 11.1)

(Human anatomy, photo No. 11.2)

Digestive tract, anatomy photo. Interestingly, the length of the human intestine ranges from 7 to 10 meters.

(Human anatomy, photo No. 12.1)

(Human anatomy, photo No. 12.2)

Photo anatomy of the kidney. In 24 hours, the kidneys clean up to 2 thousand liters of blood from toxins, while having 1 million filter elements.

(Human anatomy, photo No. 13.1)

(Human anatomy, photo No. 13.2)

Human anatomy, stomach photo. The human stomach can digest a substance that is much denser in composition than it is. It's amazing that he doesn't digest himself, even though he's made of flesh!

(Human anatomy, photo No. 14.1)

Our nose can detect a trillion smells. Our ear has 24,000 "hair" cells that convert vibrations into electrical impulses so we can hear sounds at very low acoustic levels. Our eyes are capable of analyzing about 50 thousand data simultaneously. Our skin is waterproof, antibacterial, antifungal, elastic, flexible, sensitive, self-regenerating, it is able to absorb the necessary chemical elements and reject others. It is porous, self-lubricating, produces vitamins, produces odorants, and can sense temperature, vibration and pressure.

All these amazing facts human anatomy simply screams to us not about evolution, but about the existence of an intelligent design by a Super-wise Creator.

Human anatomy. Systems and organs. Bekhin P.

M.: 2007. - 38 p.

The collection “Human Anatomy: Systems and Organs” is the most complete collection anatomical tables of the human body. Paired with a set of tables "Diseases and Disorders" - it represents the best anatomical reference book on the modern book market. We present to your attention the world's best anatomical tables "Human Anatomy. Systems and Organs". These popular tables focus on various systems and organs of the body. The authors have made additions to the compilations of world-famous tables and added to them the best anatomical tables from their collection. A team of highly trained medical artists, consultants and physicians have carefully crafted each chart to ensure accuracy, clarity and up-to-date standards. All tables have been digitally enhanced in reproduction, and terminology and illustrations have been updated and revised to reflect the latest advances in medical science. Each table has callouts and indexes, making it easy to use. The desktop format of the collection should facilitate the study of the anatomy of the human body, patient consultations or references. Here are tables of all the main systems and organs of the human body. This collection of reference materials is the most comprehensive collection of anatomical charts of the human body.

Format: djvu

Size: 24.6 MB

Download: yandex.disk

List of tables
Body systems
Respiratory system
Autonomic nervous system
Nervous system
Digestive system
Endocrine apparatus
Female genital system
Male genital system
Lymphatic system
Vascular system
System of bones and their joints
Muscular system
Genitourinary system
Organs and body parts
Prostate
General anatomical structure of the brain
Brain
Anatomical structure inner ear
The vestibulocochlear organ is the organ of hearing and balance.
Ear, throat, nose
Pharynx and larynx Cranial and spinal nerves
Organ of vision Skull
Anatomy of teeth
Hair
Leather
Kidneys
Liver
Head and neck
Vertebrae and spinal column
Shoulder and elbow
Hands and wrists
Feet and ankles
Hip and knee joints

The topographic anatomy of the facial nerve is quite confusing, due to the fact that it passes through the facial nerve, receiving and giving off processes.

Where does it start?

It arises from three nuclei at once: motor, secretory and sensory fibers. Then through the auditory opening it passes into the thickness of the temporal bone into the internal auditory canal. Here the intermediate nerve is added to it, and a knee is formed at the bend of the canal, which, taking the form of a node, gives the intermediate nerve the property of sensitivity. The anatomy of the facial nerve and its diagram will be discussed in this article.

Division into processes

To enter the thickness of the parotid gland, facial nerve is divided into separate processes: the lingual branch, the posterior auricular nerve, the digastric and stylohyoid branches. The intermediate gives off branches such as the stapedius and petrosal nerves, connective tissue with the tympanic weave and the vagus nerve, and the terminal branch (corda tympani). The anatomy of the facial nerve is unique.

Branches

Once again, the facial nerve diverges in the thickness of the parotid gland, giving two main branches - a small lower and powerful upper, which then also branch, moreover, radially: up, forward and down to the facial muscles. As a result, the parotid plexus is formed.

The facial nerve (the anatomy diagram will be presented in the photo) consists of the following parts:

nerve trunk (more precisely, its processes);
the spaces of the cerebral cortex, which are responsible for the work of facial muscles;
nuclei located between the bridge and the medulla oblongata;
lymph nodes and a network of capillaries that feed nerve cells.

Functions

Anatomy (diagram posted above) is discussed. Now let's talk about its functions.

The main task of the facial nerve is to provide the face. However, everything is complicated by the fact that before it branches into small parts, it is intertwined with the intermediate nerve and partially shares responsibilities with it. Through the internal auditory opening they move into the tunnel of the facial nerve, where it forms a genu that provides sensory input to the intermediate nerve.

The facial nerve underlies motor activity almost all facial muscles, but in combination with the intermediate nerve it has taste and secretory fibers.

The pattern of the fibers of the facial nerve is very interesting and requires careful consideration.

Facial nerve lesions

If the canal is malfunctioned or infringed, paralysis of the motor muscles of the face may occur. Its asymmetry is visually observed: the relaxed part has a mask effect due to its immobility, the eye on the affected side does not close, and lacrimation increases due to the fact that the mucous membrane is irritated by dust and air, which, in turn, can cause conjunctivitis. Wrinkles on the forehead and the area around the nose and lips are straightened, the corners of the mouth are directed downward, the person cannot wrinkle his forehead.

In humans, the facial nerve is often affected (its branches, their anatomy and topography are presented in detail in the photo).

If for any reason the main motor function is affected, then we are talking about it. It is characterized by the following external signs: paralysis of the muscles responsible for facial expressions, complete asymmetry of the face, the speech apparatus is impaired, fluid intake can be limited. If the nerve was affected at a time when it was located in the pyramidal bone, then in addition to the signs listed above, deafness and lack of taste are also noted.

Neuritis is a neurological disease characterized by an inflammatory process. It can appear in the central part of the face and in the periphery. Symptoms depend on the area of the nerve affected. The disease develops either due to hypothermia (primary neuritis) or as a complication of other diseases (secondary).

It is characterized by an acute onset, the pain radiates behind the ear, and after a few days facial asymmetry is observed. Symptoms may vary depending on the part affected. When the nucleus of the facial nerve is damaged, a person develops muscle weakness faces. When a nerve is pinched in the area of the pons of the brain, strabismus occurs, as well as paralysis of almost all the facial muscles. If the infringement occurs at the exit, it will result in impaired or short-term hearing loss. Important has the human facial nerve. The structure, functions and problems have been studied for a long time.

In chronic otitis media, neuritis may be concomitant, arising due to inflammation in the middle ear, and therefore may be accompanied by a sensation of lumbago. If accompanied by mumps, then symptoms of general intoxication appear - chills, body aches, high fever.

Principles of therapy

The treatment regimen for the facial nerve for pinching and inflammatory processes must necessarily be comprehensive. Therapy includes:

diuretics, which remove fluid from the capillary network;
glucocorticosteroids;
drugs that dilate blood vessels;
vitamins (usually group B).

Such treatment eliminates the main cause of the disease, since inflammation of the facial nerve is often the result of another disease, a secondary disease. Nervous illnesses are most often accompanied by very unpleasant sensations, so the patient is prescribed analgesic drugs. For treatment to be faster and more effective, the facial muscles need to be provided with complete rest.

The complex treatment also includes physiotherapeutic procedures. From the second week of the disease, it is allowed to use facial massage and exercise physical therapy with gradually increasing load. Surgery is very rarely required. Surgery indicated when neuralgia is congenital or occurs after a mechanical injury. An operation of this kind consists in stitching together improperly fused and torn nerve endings. Surgical intervention is also legal if it is ineffective drug treatment within six months (maximum eight months). If you ignore the process and do not use the listed methods of therapy, the facial muscles can completely atrophy without the possibility of recovery in the future. The only way out is surgical facial plastic surgery, the material for which is taken from the victim’s leg.

Conclusion

Thus, if you apply for timely medical care and proper treatment, recovery and recovery will be quite long, but the prognosis remains favorable. To avoid a relapse, you need to monitor your health, avoid hypothermia and promptly treat inflammatory processes such as tonsillitis, ARVI, etc.

We reviewed the facial nerve - anatomy and symptoms of damage, and also described the principles of treatment.

The study of the complex structure of the human body and the arrangement of internal organs is the subject of human anatomy. Discipline helps us understand the structure of our body, which is one of the most complex on the planet. All its parts perform strictly defined functions and they are all interconnected. Modern anatomy- a science that distinguishes both what we observe visually and the structure of the human body hidden from view.

What is human anatomy

This is the name of one of the sections of biology and morphology (along with cytology and histology), which studies the structure of the human body, its origin, formation, evolutionary development at a level above the cellular level. Anatomy (from the Greek Anatomia - cut, opening, dissection) studies what the external parts of the body look like. It also describes the internal environment and microscopic structure of organs.

Isolating human anatomy from comparative anatomies All living organisms are conditioned by the presence of thinking. There are several main forms of this science:

Normal or systematic. This section studies the body of the “normal”, i.e. a healthy person by tissues, organs, and their systems.
Pathological. This is a scientific and applied discipline that studies diseases.
Topographical or surgical. It is called this because it has practical significance for surgery. Complements descriptive human anatomy.

Normal anatomy

Extensive material has led to the complexity of studying the anatomy of the human body. For this reason, it became necessary to artificially divide it into parts - organ systems. They are considered normal, or systematic, anatomy. She breaks down the complex into simpler ones. Normal human anatomy studies the body in a healthy state. This is its difference from pathological. Plastic anatomy studies appearance. It is used to depict a human figure.

topographical;
typical;
comparative;
theoretical;
age;
X-ray anatomy.

Pathological human anatomy

This type of science, along with physiology, studies the changes that occur in the human body during certain diseases. Anatomical studies are carried out microscopically, which helps to identify pathological physiological factors in tissues, organs, and their combinations. The object in this case is the corpses of people who died from various diseases.

The study of the anatomy of a living person is carried out using harmless methods. This discipline is mandatory in medical universities. Anatomical knowledge here is divided into:

general, reflective methods anatomical studies pathological processes;
particular ones, describing the morphological manifestations of individual diseases, for example, tuberculosis, cirrhosis, rheumatism.

Topographic (surgical)

This type of science developed as a result of the need for practical medicine. The doctor N.I. is considered its creator. Pirogov. Scientific human anatomy studies the arrangement of elements relative to each other, layer-by-layer structure, the process of lymph flow, and blood supply in a healthy body. This takes into account gender characteristics and changes associated with age-related anatomy.

Human anatomical structure

The functional elements of the human body are cells. Their accumulation forms the tissue from which all parts of the body are composed. The latter are combined in the body into systems:

Digestive. It is considered the most difficult. The organs of the digestive system are responsible for the process of digesting food.
Cardiovascular. The function of the circulatory system is to supply blood to all parts of the human body. This includes lymphatic vessels.
Endocrine. Its function is to regulate nervous and biological processes in the body.
Genitourinary. It differs in men and women and provides reproductive and excretory functions.
Intercession. Protects the insides from external influences.
Respiratory. Saturates blood with oxygen, processes into carbon dioxide.
Musculoskeletal. Responsible for moving a person and maintaining the body in a certain position.
Nervous. Includes the spinal cord and brain, which regulate all body functions.

The structure of human internal organs

Section of anatomy that studies internal systems human is called splanchnology. These include respiratory, genitourinary and digestive. Each has characteristic anatomical and functional connections. They can be united by the common property of metabolism between the external environment and humans. In the evolution of the organism, it is believed that the respiratory system buds off from certain parts of the digestive tract.

Organs of the respiratory system

They ensure a continuous supply of oxygen to all organs and remove carbon dioxide from them. This system is divided into the upper and lower respiratory tract. The list of the first includes:

Nose. Produces mucus, which traps foreign particles when breathing.
Sinuses. Air-filled cavities in the lower jaw, sphenoid, ethmoid, frontal bones.
Throat. It is divided into the nasopharynx (provides air flow), the oropharynx (contains tonsils that have a protective function), and the hypopharynx (serves as a passage for food).
Larynx. Prevents food from entering the respiratory tract.

Another part of this system is the lower respiratory tract. They include the organs of the thoracic cavity, presented in the following short list:

Trachea. It starts after the larynx and extends down to the chest. Responsible for air filtration.
Bronchi. Similar in structure to the trachea, they continue to purify the air.
Lungs. Located on either side of the heart in the chest. Each lung is responsible for the vital process of exchanging oxygen with carbon dioxide.

Human abdominal organs

Complex structure has an abdominal cavity. Its elements are located in the center, left and right. According to human anatomy, the main organs in abdominal cavity the following:

Stomach. Located on the left under the diaphragm. Responsible for the primary digestion of food and signals satiety.
The kidneys are located symmetrically at the bottom of the peritoneum. They perform the urinary function. The substance of the kidney consists of nephrons.
Pancreas. Located just below the stomach. Produces enzymes for digestion.
Liver. It is located on the right under the diaphragm. Removes poisons, toxins, removes unnecessary elements.
Spleen. Located behind the stomach, it is responsible for the immune system and ensures hematopoiesis.
Intestines. Located in the lower abdomen, it absorbs all useful substances.
Appendix. It is an appendage of the cecum. Its function is protective.
Gallbladder. Located below the liver. Accumulates incoming bile.

Genitourinary system

This includes the organs of the human pelvic cavity. There are significant differences in the structure of this part between men and women. They are located in the organs that provide reproductive function. In general, the description of the structure of the pelvis includes information about:

Bladder. Collects urine before urination. Located below in front of the pubic bone.
Female genital organs. The uterus is under bladder, and the ovaries are slightly higher above it. They produce eggs responsible for reproduction.
Male genital organs. The prostate gland is also located under the bladder and is responsible for the production of secretory fluid. The testicles are located in the scrotum; they produce sex cells and hormones.

Human endocrine organs

The system responsible for regulating the activities of the human body through hormones is endocrine. Science distinguishes two devices in it:

Diffuse. Endocrine cells here are not concentrated in one place. Some functions are performed by the liver, kidneys, stomach, intestines and spleen.
Glandular. Includes the thyroid, parathyroid glands, thymus, pituitary gland, adrenal glands.

Thyroid and parathyroid glands

The largest endocrine gland is the thyroid. It is located on the neck in front of the trachea, on its lateral walls. The gland is partially adjacent to the thyroid cartilage and consists of two lobes and an isthmus necessary for their connection. The function of the thyroid gland is to produce hormones that promote growth, development, and regulate metabolism. Not far from it are the parathyroid glands, which have the following structural features:

Quantity. There are 4 of them in the body - 2 upper, 2 lower.
Place. Located on the posterior surface of the lateral lobes thyroid gland.
Function. Responsible for the exchange of calcium and phosphorus (parathyroid hormone).

Anatomy of the thymus

The thymus, or thymus gland, is located behind the manubrium and part of the body of the sternum in the upper anterior region of the chest cavity. It consists of two lobes connected by loose connective tissue. The upper ends of the thymus are narrower, so they extend beyond the chest cavity and reach the thyroid gland. In this organ, lymphocytes acquire properties that provide protective functions against cells foreign to the body.

Structure and functions of the pituitary gland

A small spherical or oval gland with a reddish tint is the pituitary gland. It is connected directly to the brain. The pituitary gland has two lobes:

Front. It affects the growth and development of the entire body as a whole, stimulates the activity of the thyroid gland, adrenal cortex, and gonads.
Rear. Responsible for enhancing the work of vascular smooth muscles, increases blood pressure, and affects the reabsorption of water in the kidneys.

Adrenal glands, gonads and endocrine pancreas

The paired organ located above the upper end of the kidney in the retroperitoneal tissue is the adrenal gland. On the anterior surface it has one or more grooves that act as gates for outgoing veins and incoming arteries. Functions of the adrenal glands: production of adrenaline in the blood, neutralization of toxins in muscle cells. Other elements endocrine system:

Sex glands. The testes contain interstitial cells responsible for the development of secondary sexual characteristics. The ovaries secrete folliculin, which regulates menstruation and affects the nervous state.
Endocrine part of the pancreas. It contains pancreatic islets that secrete insulin and glucagon into the blood. This ensures regulation of carbohydrate metabolism.

Musculoskeletal system

This system is a set of structures that provide support to parts of the body and help a person move in space. The entire apparatus is divided into two parts:

Osteoarticular. From a mechanical point of view, it is a system of levers that, as a result of muscle contraction, transmit forces. This part is considered passive.
Muscular. The active part of the musculoskeletal system is muscles, ligaments, tendons, cartilaginous structures, and synovial bursae.

Anatomy of bones and joints

The skeleton consists of bones and joints. Its functions are the perception of loads, the protection of soft tissues, and the implementation of movements. Bone marrow cells produce new blood cells. Joints are the points of contact between bones, between bones and cartilage. The most common type is synovial. Bones develop as a child grows, providing support for the entire body. They make up the skeleton. It contains 206 individual bones, made up of bone tissue and bone cells. All of them are located in the axial (80 pieces) and appendicular (126 pieces) skeleton.

The weight of bones in an adult is about 17-18% of body weight. According to the description of the structures of the skeletal system, its main elements are:

Scull. Consists of 22 connected bones, excluding only the lower jaw. Functions of the skeleton in this part: protecting the brain from damage, supporting the nose, eyes, mouth.
Spine. Formed by 26 vertebrae. The main functions of the spine: protective, shock-absorbing, motor, supporting.
Rib cage. Includes the sternum, 12 pairs of ribs. They protect the chest cavity.
Limbs. This includes the shoulders, hands, forearms, hip bones, feet and legs. Provide basic motor activity.

The structure of the muscular skeleton

The human anatomy also studies the muscle apparatus. There is even a special section - myology. The main function of muscles is to provide a person with the ability to move. About 700 muscles are attached to the bones of the skeletal system. They make up about 50% of a person’s body weight. The main types of muscles are as follows:

Visceral. They are located inside organs and ensure the movement of substances.
Heart. Located only in the heart, it is necessary for pumping blood throughout the human body.
Skeletal. This type of muscle tissue is controlled by a person consciously.

Organs of the human cardiovascular system

Part of cardio-vascular system includes the heart, blood vessels and about 5 liters of transported blood. Their main function is to transport oxygen, hormones, nutrients and cellular waste. This system works only due to the heart, which, while remaining at rest, pumps about 5 liters of blood throughout the body every minute. It continues to work even at night, when most of the rest of the body is resting.

Anatomy of the heart

This organ has a muscular hollow structure. The blood in it flows into the venous trunks and is then driven into the arterial system. The heart consists of 4 chambers: 2 ventricles, 2 atria. The left parts act as the arterial heart, and the right parts act as the venous heart. This division is based on the blood in the chambers. In human anatomy, the heart is a pumping organ, since its function is to pump blood. There are only 2 circles of blood circulation in the body:

small, or pulmonary, transporting venous blood;
large, carrying oxygenated blood.

Vessels of the pulmonary circle

The pulmonary circulation moves blood from the right side of the heart towards the lungs. There it is filled with oxygen. This is the main function of the vessels of the pulmonary circle. Then the blood returns back, but to the left half of the heart. The pulmonary circuit is supported by the right atrium and right ventricle - for it they are pumping chambers. This circulation includes:

right and left pulmonary arteries;
their branches are arterioles, capillaries and precapillaries;
venules and veins that merge into 4 pulmonary veins, which flow into the left atrium.

Arteries and veins of the systemic circulation

The bodily, or systemic, circulation in human anatomy is designed to deliver oxygen and nutrients to all tissues. Its function is the subsequent removal of carbon dioxide from them with metabolic products. The circle begins in the left ventricle - from the aorta, which carries arterial blood. Next comes the division into:

Arteries. They go to all the insides except the lungs and heart. Contains nutrients.
Arterioles. These are small arteries that carry blood to the capillaries.
Capillaries. In them, the blood releases nutrients with oxygen, and in return takes in carbon dioxide and metabolic products.
Venules. These are return vessels that ensure the return of blood. Similar to arterioles.
Vienna. They merge into two large trunks - the superior and inferior vena cava, which flow into the right atrium.

Anatomy of the structure of the nervous system

Sense organs, nervous tissue and cells, spinal cord and brain - this is what the nervous system consists of. Their combination provides control of the body and the interconnection of its parts. The central nervous system is the control center consisting of the brain and spinal cord. She is responsible for evaluating information coming from outside and accepting it by a person. certain decisions.

Location of human organs CNS

Human anatomy says that the main function of the central nervous system is to carry out simple and complex reflexes. The following important bodies are responsible for them:

Brain. Located in the brain part of the skull. It consists of several sections and 4 communicating cavities - the cerebral ventricles. performs higher mental functions: consciousness, voluntary actions, memory, planning. It also supports breathing, heart rate, digestion and blood pressure.
Spinal cord. Located in the spinal canal, it is a white cord. It has longitudinal grooves on the anterior and posterior surfaces, and the spinal canal in the center. The spinal cord consists of white (conducting nerve signals from the brain) and gray (creating reflexes to stimuli) matter.

Watch a video about the structure of the human brain.

Functioning of the peripheral nervous system

This includes elements nervous system located outside the spinal cord and brain. This part stands out conditionally. It includes the following:

Spinal nerves. Each person has 31 pairs. The posterior branches of the spinal nerves run between the transverse processes of the vertebrae. They innervate the back of the head and deep back muscles.
Cranial nerves. There are 12 pairs. Innervates the organs of vision, hearing, smell, glands of the oral cavity, teeth and facial skin.
Sensory receptors. These are specific cells that perceive irritation external environment and converting it into nerve impulses.

Human anatomical atlas

The structure of the human body is described in detail in the anatomical atlas. The material in it shows the organism as a whole, consisting of individual elements. Many encyclopedias were written by various medical scientists who studied human anatomy. These collections contain visual diagrams of the placement of organs of each system. This makes it easier to see the relationship between them. In general, an anatomical atlas is a detailed description of the internal structure of a person.

Video

The structure of the human body is unique. The coordinated work of each organ ensures vital activity. Each region consists of a specific set of organs.

Humans are the most complex organism on our planet, capable of performing several functions simultaneously. All organs have their responsibilities and carry out their work harmoniously: the heart pumps blood, distributing it throughout the body, the lungs process oxygen into carbon dioxide, and the brain processes thought processes, others are responsible for a person’s movement and his life activities.

Anatomy is the science that studies the human structure. She distinguishes between the external (what can be observed visually) and internal (hidden from view) structure of a person.

Human structure based on external features

External structure- these are parts of the body that are open to the human eye and can easily be listed:

head - the upper round part of the body
neck - part of the body connecting the head and torso
chest - front part of the body
back - back of the body
torso - human body
upper limbs - hands
lower limbs - legs

The internal structure of a person - consists of a number of internal organs that are located inside a person and have their own functions. The internal structure of a person consists of the main, more important organs:

brain
lungs
heart
liver
stomach
intestines

main internal organs of a person

More detailed listing internal structure includes blood vessels, glands and other vital organs.

It can be noted that the structure of the human body is similar to the structure of representatives of the animal world. This fact is explained by the fact that, according to the theory of evolution, man descended from mammals.

Man developed together with animals, and scientists often notice his similarity with some representatives of the animal world at the cellular and genetic level.

Cell - elementary particle of the human body. A cluster of cells forms textile, which actually makes up the internal organs of a person.

All human organs are united into systems that work in a balanced manner to ensure the full functioning of the body. The human body consists of the following important systems:

Musculoskeletal system- provides a person with movement and supports the body in the required position. It consists of a skeleton, muscles, ligaments and joints
Digestive system - the most complex system in human body, it is responsible for the digestion process, providing a person with energy for life
Respiratory system - consists of the lungs and airways, which are designed to convert oxygen into carbon dioxide, oxygenating the blood
The cardiovascular system - has the most important transport function, providing blood to the entire human body
Nervous system - regulates all functions of the body, consists of two types of brain: the brain and the spinal cord, as well as nerve cells and nerve endings
Endocrine system regulates nervous and biological processes in the body
Reproductive and urinary system - a number of organs that differ in structure between men and women. Have important functions: reproductive and excretory
Integumentary system - provides protection of internal organs from the external environment, represented by the skin

Video: “Human Anatomy. Where is what?

The brain is an important human organ

The brain provides a person with mental activity, distinguishing him from other living organisms. It is essentially a mass of nervous tissue. It consists of two cerebral hemispheres, the pons and the cerebellum.

Large hemispheres necessary to control all thought processes and provide a person with conscious control of all movements
At the back of the brain is cerebellum. It is thanks to him that a person is able to control the balance of the entire body. The cerebellum controls muscle reflexes. Even such an important action as withdrawing your hand from a hot surface so as not to injure skin covering- controls the cerebellum
Pons lies below the cerebellum at the base of the skull. Its function is very simple - to receive nerve impulses and transmit them
The other bridge is oblong, located slightly lower and connects to spinal cord. Its function is to receive and transmit signals from other departments

Video: “Brain, structure and functions”

What organs are inside the chest?

There are several vital organs in the chest cavity:

lungs
heart
bronchi
trachea
esophagus
diaphragm
thymus

structure of the human chest organs

The rib cage is a complex structure primarily filled with lungs. It contains the most important muscular organ - the heart and large blood vessels. Diaphragm- a wide flat muscle that separates the chest from the abdominal cavity.

Heart - Between the two lungs, in the chest there is this cavity organ-muscle. Its dimensions are not large enough and it does not exceed the volume of a fist. The organ's task is simple but important: to pump blood into the arteries and receive venous blood.

The position of the heart is quite interesting - oblique presentation. The wide part of the organ is directed up, back to the right, and the narrow part is directed down to the left.

detailed structure of the heart organ

The main vessels come from the base of the heart (the wide part). The heart must regularly pump and process blood, distributing fresh blood throughout the body
The movement of this organ is ensured by two halves: the left and right ventricle
The left ventricle of the heart is larger than the right
The pericardium is the tissue covering this muscular organ. The outer part of the pericardium is connected to blood vessels, the inner part grows to the heart

Lungs - the most voluminous paired organ in the human body. This organ occupies most of the chest. These organs are exactly the same, but it is worth noting that they have different functions and structures.

lung structure

As you can see in the picture, the right lung has three lobes, compared to the left lung, which has only two. Also, the left lung has a bend on the left side. The task of the lungs is to convert oxygen into carbon dioxide and saturate the blood with oxygen.

Trachea - occupies a position between the bronchi and larynx. The trachea is cartilaginous half-rings and connective ligaments, as well as muscle tissue on back wall covered with mucus. Inferiorly, the trachea divides into two bronchus These bronchi go to the left and right lungs. In fact, the bronchus is the most common extension of the trachea. The lung inside consists of many branches of the bronchi. Functions of the bronchi:

airway - carrying air through the lungs
protective - cleansing function

trachea and bronchi, structure

Esophagus - a long organ that originates in the larynx and passes through aperture(muscular organ) connecting to the stomach. The esophagus has circular muscles that move food to the stomach.

location of the esophagus in the chest

Thymus gland - gland, which has found its place under the sternum. It can be considered part of the human immune system.

thymus

Video: “Organs of the thoracic cavity”

What organs are included in the abdominal cavity?

The abdominal organs are the organs of the digestive tract, as well as the pancreas along with the liver and kidneys. The spleen, kidneys, stomach and genitals are also located here. The abdominal organs are covered with peritoneum.

internal organs of the human abdominal cavity

Stomach - one of the main organs of the digestive system. Essentially, it is a continuation of the esophagus, separated by a valve that covers the entrance to the stomach.

The stomach is shaped like a bag. Its walls are capable of producing special mucus (juice), the enzymes of which break down food.

structure of the stomach

Intestines - the longest and most voluminous part gastric tract. The intestines begin immediately after the outlet of the stomach. It is built in a loop shape and ends with an outlet. The intestines have large, small intestines and rectum
The small intestine (duodenum and ileum) passes into the large intestine, the colon into the rectum
The task of the intestines is to digest and remove leftover food from the body

detailed structure of the human intestine

Liver - the largest gland in the human body. It is also involved in the digestion process. Its task is to ensure metabolism and participate in the blood circulation process.

It is located directly under the diaphragm and is divided into two lobes. Vein connects the liver to duodenum. The liver is closely related and functions with the gallbladder.

liver structure

Kidneys - a paired organ located in the lumbar region. They perform an important chemical function- regulation of homeostasis and urination.

The kidneys are bean-shaped and are part of the urinary organs. Directly above the kidneys are adrenal glands

kidney structure

Bladder - a kind of bag for collecting urine. It is located just behind the pubic bone in the groin area.

structure Bladder

Spleen - located above the diaphragm. Has a number of important functions:

hemorrhage
body protection

The spleen has the ability to change in size depending on the accumulation of blood.

structure of the spleen

How are the pelvic organs located?

These organs are located in the space limited by the pelvic bone. It is worth noting that female and male pelvic organs are different.

Rectum - a similar organ in both men and women. This is the final part of the intestine. Digestive products are removed through it. The length of the rectum should be about fifteen centimeters
Bladder differs in location, female and male placement in the cavity. In women, it is in contact with the walls of the vagina, as well as the uterus; in men, it is adjacent to the seminal vesicles and streams that remove the seed, as well as to the rectum

female pelvic (genital) organs

Vagina - a hollow tubular organ that is located from the genital slit to the uterus. It is about 10 centimeters long and is adjacent to the cervix, the organ passes through the genitourinary diaphragm
Uterus - an organ made up of muscles. It is pear-shaped and is located behind the bladder but in front of the rectum. The organ is usually divided into: fundus, body and neck. Performs reproductive function
Ovary - paired organ ovoid. This is a female gland that produces hormones. The maturation of eggs occurs in them. The ovary is connected to the uterus fallopian tubes

male pelvic (genital) organs

Seminal vesicle - is located behind the bladder and looks like paired organ. This is a secretory male organ. Its size is approximately five centimeters in diameter. It consists of bubbles connected to each other. The function of the organ is to produce seed for fertilization
Prostate - an organ consisting of muscles and glands. It is located directly on the urogenital diaphragm. The base of the organ is the urinary and seminal canal