Having received country cottage area, I didn’t even doubt that there will be. And, of course, Calville is snowy. These are the varieties that I knew before serving in the army.
- Or at the end of April.
- Or at the beginning of May.
Monitor the condition of the seedlings. So that the roots do not dry out.
- The width is 1 m. And you need to dig to a depth of about 1 m.
- Make a small drainage and lay a layer of fertile soil.
- Add compost and fertilizers - mineral and organic.
- Spread the roots of the seedling on the mound.
- Place a stake and secure the seedling.
- After filling with soil, lightly compact the soil with your foot and water generously.
- Mulch well after the soil has settled.
Watch the video on how to prepare a hole for planting:
Advice! Monitor the grafting site (8-10 cm from ground level).
Distance
The selected rootstocks will tell you:
- On dwarf– 2.0-2.5 m in a row and 3.5-4.0 m – row spacing;
- On semi-dwarf– 3.0 m and 4.0-4.5 m;
- On vigorous– 3.5-4.0 m and 4.5-5.0 m.
And consider the shape of the crown.
Growing
So that the harvest is full:
- Plant nearby good pollinators.
- Spend timely , especially against scab and powdery mildew.
- The sun is not something desirable, but simply necessary. Choose a planting site that is open to sunlight.
- A correctly chosen crown shape can only improve illumination.
- should be no closer than 1.5 m.
Plant apple trees in well-lit areas.
Agricultural technology
- regularly. Although the variety is drought-resistant. You don't just need it to withstand dry weather. Apples should be juicy. Especially seedlings planted in spring. The weather can make adjustments to watering.
- The apple tree will be happy (both root and foliar).
- Dig up the soil in tree trunk circles.
- Systematically mulch(before winter necessarily) humus, peat, mown grass, hay.
- Do not forget process wood from(use compatible tank-mixed fungicides and insecticides).
It especially annoys tasty apples.
Pruning and crown formation
Start forming a crown for 2-3 years.
Then take the pruning shears:
- use scraps:
- Formative.
- Sanitary.
- Anti-aging.
Advice! After 4-5 years, transfer the conductor to the lateral branches.
Very often in gardens in industrial plantations in Europe they use:
- Fusiform.
- Palmettes.
- Trellis.
- Cordons and walls.
Correct classic palmettes: 1 - with horizontal branches, 2 - with inclined branches, 3 - circular, 4,5,6 - Verrier palmettes with a different number of branches, 7 - double Verrier, 8 - candelabra, 9 - Cossone system. We prefer:
- Sparsely tiered.
- Cup-shaped.
- Bush-like.
- Fusiform.
Formation of a sparsely-tiered crown: a - initial plant, b - pruning in the first year, c - pruning in the second year, d - pruning in the third year. Look at the video theoretical basis apple tree trimmings:
Pollinator varieties
As a prominent representative of triploid apple tree varieties, Jonathan variety it is necessary to plant at least 2 varieties of apple trees, among which he prefers:
- Jonathan.
- Gloucester.
- Elstar.
- Cox Orange Pepin.
- Melrose.
Jonathan.
Cox Orange Pepin.
Important! Implementers (sellers) of seedlings rarely pay attention to how the apple tree is pollinated. Who is better to have as neighbors? And for this variety this is just not superfluous.
Features of ripening and fruiting
Beginning of fruiting
Starts in 2-3 years. And then annually and progressively.
In outskirts of Moscow
It is determined by the climate chosen by the rootstock. Adjust the timing of flowering and ripening. They will be a little later.
In the Moscow region, Jonagold begins to bear fruit a little later.
Deadlines
Fruit ripening
In September(closer to October) to you Apples must be removed for storage– yellow-orange with a bright pink blush. And some even seem greenish. So you don’t have to eat them right away. This is removable maturity.
Jonagold apples after removal.
But in January it’s a different taste. The taste of a ripe apple!
Fruit storage
- In the refrigerator at a temperature of 2-3 degrees - until April.
- If the storage temperature is higher, even less.
Subspecies and options
Semi-dwarf
MM-106 rootstocks give your tree the opportunity to more successfully resist diseases, frost and drought:
- It begins to bear fruit earlier. Even for the 2-3rd year.
- It will take up to 25-35 years to bear fruit and produce good apples (up to 100 kg per tree).
- Apples are no worse than on other rootstocks.
Dwarf
Its nuances:
- The height is even less - 2.5-3.5 m. Same as the crown.
- But lives and bears fruit for up to 15-20 years.
King
- Weak-growing spur.
- Solid light red color of the fruit.
Fruits of Jonagold King.
- Increased stability:
- to diseases (scab and powdery mildew, including).
- to frost.
- The fruits are medium - starting from 150 g.
- Juicy light cream pulp. Like Jonathan.
Advice! On weak-growing rootstocks, the original formations are better - spindle, fruit wall.
Morrens
The most famous and popular of the clones of the Jonagold variety. You will meet the names - Jonagored, Highlander. Aka Jonagored Morrens Supra: 
- The variety was not bred, but was discovered (or noticed) in 1980 in Belgium (spontaneous mutation).
- And in 1989 he was already awarded a gold medal in England. After all, even tasters (and they are strict people) give him ratings from 4.6 to 5 points.
- AND weight 170-220 g.
Apple tree Jonagold Morrens.
- Ripens in the first half of October. And you can store it for up to 7 months.
- Fruits in any weather.
- And the indicators for resistance to frost and disease are higher than those of their predecessors.
Attention! He is still in the top ten the best apples peace.
You can see what the Jonagored Morrens Supra apple tree looks like in the video below:
Features of cultivation in the regions
In outskirts of Moscow
If you really want to grow Jonagold varieties:
- Pick up on frost-resistant zoned rootstocks.
- And the most winter-hardy. Same Jonagored Morens. And Jonagold Decosta.
Timely agricultural technology will allow maintaining good yields. The use of copper-containing fungicides is included in these measures.
In Ukraine
In the gardens of scientific institutions of Ukraine in the steppe and forest-steppe zone:
- Since the beginning of the seventies, initial tests of this variety have been carried out.
- Since the mid-eighties - extensive production tests.
The Jonagold apple tree is successfully grown in Ukraine.
And in our time - one of the most popular varieties among amateur gardeners. So do farmers.
In Belarus
In northern Polesie, as in Belarus can be grown on winter-hardy rootstocks.
Apples of any Jonagold clone are consumed fresh, processed into juices, and used in cooking. They even make powders for baby food.
Plant these apple trees in your garden and you won’t go wrong. You will only win. Stable apple harvests for yourself and for sale. No special features or additional costs. Patience and success!
And also from myself. Sometimes the mistakes of market acquisitions are not entirely upsetting. So we were not too upset about the mistake in purchasing the Jonagold apple tree. AND this apple tree adds positive emotions to us every year.
In contact with
The crossed variety quickly became in demand for its taste, high level fruiting and long-term keeping quality of apples.
Jonagold apples have a calorie content of 45 kcal.
Harvesting Jonagold at the end of September - beginning of October.
Apples are stored until February, in the refrigerator - until April.
Winter varieties also include, and.
Pollination
This is the most important section that cannot be skipped. Jonagold - apple variety triploid. Apple trees of this variety are considered bad pollinators. That is, they cannot pollinate themselves and help others with this. Therefore, it is important to remember that Jonagold should be planted next to 2-3 apple trees of a good pollinator variety.
If you follow this planting rule, the apples will, as they say, flow.
Description of the Jonagold variety
Now let's look at the appearance of the tree and fruit.
Apple trees Jonagold large, growing quickly.
The angle between the branches and the trunk is large.
The young tree has wide oval crown, and during the fruiting period - round, spherical, with branches hanging down.
They bear greenish-yellow fruits covered with a bright orange-red blush with thick stripes.
One an apple weighs on average 180-250 grams. Fetus round shape, slightly beveled on top, smooth and even.
May be covered with rusty mesh. The pulp has a light cream color, dense consistency and strong aroma, which the variety owes to its parents.
Jonagold apples have a beautiful color, make sure of this by looking at the photo in the next section. Magnificent appearance The following varieties of apple trees can also boast:, and.
Photo
History of selection
The variety was bred in the United States of America in 1943. Then the varieties and were crossed.
From them Jonagold received bright color and pleasant sweet taste. Selection has also left its mark on the adaptive properties of this apple tree variety, which we will discuss separately.
Region of natural growth
The variety does not tolerate prolonged frosts well, so not suitable for growing in cold climates with extreme frosts.
Jonagold - apple tree moderately drought-resistant, feels comfortable in temperate and warm climates, where it takes root well and brings maximum yield.
The following varieties are also suitable for planting in regions with a temperate climate:, and.
Productivity
The apple tree is starting bear fruit in 2-3 years. Until the first decade, harvest volume on average is 10-15 kilograms per year, and by the age of twelve reaches 40-55 kilograms per year.
Overall this is high yield. The fruits are harvested in September, when they acquire a pink blush. Full ripeness is achieved during storage.
By the way, you also need to store apples correctly if you want to enjoy fresh fruit even in winter. After harvesting, immediately cool everything in the refrigerator or basement. Wrap each apple in paper.
Place the apples, stems side up, in a clean, dry, moisture-resistant container, e.g. wooden box or a plastic basket.
This way the harvest is stored in the basement. Sometimes apples are coated with melted wax to protect them from pests.
Planting and care
Now let’s note the rules for planting Jonagold.
You can plant apple trees spring or autumn until frost.
The soil must be loose and fertile.
For example, the same as for potatoes.
Jonagold loves the sun very much.
IMPORTANT: The landing site should be open, without any barriers to sunlight.
By following planting rules, you will speed up the tree's adaptation to the soil.
Follow a simple algorithm:
- Before planting, dig a hole with a diameter of 1 meter and a depth of 70 cm. The bottom should be loose by 20-25 cm.
- Sprinkle fertile soil with mineral fertilizers half the height of the pit.
- Place the seedling so that the grafting site is 5-8 cm above the soil level.
- Straighten root system and cover with fertile soil.
- Compact the soil and water with water in a volume of 30-50 liters. In the future, water the tree abundantly and follow several mandatory care components.
For maximum yield, remember the following:
- Jonagold should be planted near good pollinators;
- Treat apple trees for pests (they are listed in the next section);
- Once again: water the trees deeply;
- Do pruning every year in March-April.
IMPORTANT: You should not prune young trees - they may be late in bearing fruit. When cutting a branch with a diameter greater than 1 cm, lubricate the cut garden varnish with heteroauxin. It is better to burn cut branches outside the garden to prevent pests from spreading. Do not use pruning shears!
Diseases and pests
A mandatory maintenance procedure is pest and disease control.
Jonagold is almost completely resistant to powdery mildew and is slightly damaged by rot.
At the same time, it is worth paying attention to such problems as scab, cancer, monilial burn. Knowing this, consider purchasing the necessary medications to protect against diseases in advance.
As for pests, apple trees are most often threatened by and also. Take a series preventive measures, which we talk about in detail in separate articles.
These rules are simple to follow, but they will help achieve maximum yield.
Jonagold apples are great for transportation and long-term storage.
Once collected in September, they can be stored in the refrigerator - then enjoy ripe fruits it will be possible up to until March-April next year.
But it is better to eat fresh apples before winter, when they are still full of vitamins.
They are on sale in January. Apples of this variety make delicious compotes, juices and purees.
Watch the video with recommendations that will help you choose a seedling when purchasing and information about rootstocks.
If you find an error, please highlight a piece of text and click Ctrl+Enter.
Apples are an integral part of our table, both everyday and festive. Many of us grow this crop in our personal backyards. Among the variety of apple varieties, we really want to choose one that we will fall in love with at first sight.
The Jonagold apple tree is one of the popular elite varieties that was born in distant America. He immediately fell in love with domestic gardeners and gardeners for his amazing, High Quality Apples are not only very tasty, but also very beautiful and healthy.
Photo of Jonagold apple tree.
The Jonagold variety is ancient and time-tested. It originates from America, where it was bred by American breeders in 1948, who crossed Golden Delicious and Jonathan.
At first he was not popular in his homeland, but after he migrated to Europe and then to Russia in the early 60s, his popularity increased sharply. Now Jonagold is considered elite not only in America, but also in other countries.
Description of the tree
Jonagold trees are medium-sized, but powerful and fast-growing:
- their height sometimes reaches 4 meters;
- in the first 2-3 years, strong thick branches and shoots directed upward towards the sun form a crown similar to a pyramid. After a few years, the shoots straighten out, and the tree becomes rounded and spreading;
- the trunk and branches are covered with rough brown-brown bark;
- large numerous leaves - dark green, oval in shape with pointed ends and carved edges. The back side of the leaf is matte, with a slight edge;
- white flowers, also large, beautiful and very delicate, form inflorescences;
- The trees begin to bloom late - in late May-early June. Flowering lasts no longer than a week;
- For pollination, the variety needs at least two other types of apple trees. The varieties Krasnoe early, Orlovsky pioneer, Aromatnoye, etc. cope well with this process;
- Apple trees begin to bear fruit surprisingly early. Already 2-3 years after planting the seedlings, you can enjoy the delicious fruits.
Description of apples
Jonagold fruits will not leave anyone indifferent, they are so tasty and beautiful:
- apples of this variety grow large. The weight of one fruit can sometimes reach 250-300 g;
- The shape of the apples is round, beautiful and even. The surface is smooth and shiny;
- cream-colored, very aromatic pulp, juicy and crispy, covered with a thick skin with a waxy coating;
- The color of apples when fully ripe is yellow-green with a bright red blush;
- there are small sparse specks on the surface of the fruit;
- the taste of the fruit is rich, very sweet, slightly tart, with a pleasant sourness.
The taste of Jonagold apples is rated very highly - 4.8 points on a five-point scale.
Usage
Fruits of this variety are loved by both adults and children. When fresh, the fruits are incredibly tasty and will come in very handy for festive table as a dessert. These apples are also dried, frozen, and very aromatic jam, jam, juice and compotes are made from them.
Jonagold fruits are used to make jam and puree, they are added to baked goods, as a filling, and they are also one of the ingredients in exotic fruit salads and meat dishes.
Apples of this variety are used to produce baby food.
Ripening and harvesting dates
Jonagold is a late-ripening variety that ripens by the end of September. Harvesting begins when the color of the fruit changes from green to red. Apples do not fall off the trees and can hang on the branches for a long time without losing their taste and presentation.
Productivity
This type of crop is characterized by simply amazing yields. Plants begin to bear fruit after 2-3 years of growth. About 15 kg of apples are harvested from trees 5-6 years old, and mature apple trees over 10 years old produce 60 kg of fruit or more.
Shelf life and transportability
The longer Jonagold apples are stored, the tastier and sweeter they become. At the same time, their presentation does not deteriorate at all. In proper conditions, the harvest of this variety can be stored throughout the winter and part of the spring, until April. The peak of the best taste of apples occurs in January.
Due to its high transportability and huge demand among buyers, this variety is wildly popular among farmers who are happy to grow it on their lands for commercial purposes.
Climate and growing regions
Jonagold does not have high winter hardiness, but has excellent drought resistance, so the variety is unsuitable for growing in northern latitudes. It is successfully cultivated in all southern regions, as well as in regions with a temperate climate - the Central regions, the Chernozem region, the Non-Black Earth region and the Middle Zone.
Diseases and pests
The variety has weak immunity to fungal diseases. It may be affected by:
- scab, the symptoms of which are olive spots on the leaves and fruits, as a result of which the fruit begins to crack. Treatment of apple trees can prevent the disease in early spring 1% solution of Bordeaux mixture (per 10 liters of water - 100 g copper sulfate and 150 g of lime). At the end of May, trees must be sprayed with the fungicide Fitosporin-M;
- powdery mildew, the occurrence of which is characterized by the appearance white plaque on buds and buds. Prevention from the disease is to treat trees with Bordeaux mixture, and when the first symptoms occur, apple trees must be treated with colloidal sulfur or Topaz fungicide;
- moniliosis, manifested by brown spots on the fruits, which over time cover their entire surface. The fruits shrink and become inedible. To avoid disease, apple trees are sprayed in the spring with a 1% solution of Bordeaux mixture.
Scab on an apple tree.
Trees of the Jonagold variety may be subject to attacks by apple moth, codling moth and hawthorn, from which they will be protected by treatment with insecticides Iskra, Aktara, Karbofos, etc.
Advantages and disadvantages
The Jonagold variety is characterized by many advantages:
- high taste and presentable presentation;
- generous yield;
- early fruiting periods;
- duration of storage and possibility of transportation;
- versatility of use.
The disadvantages are considered:
- low winter hardiness;
- poor immunity to disease.
Landing
The rules for planting a Jonagold apple tree are no different from the rules for planting other varieties of apple trees:
- for planting seedlings, choose a spacious, sunny, dry, fertile area well protected from the wind;
- groundwater should not approach the soil surface closer than 2 m;
- the planting site is dug up in advance, roots and weeds are removed, and fertilized;
- the holes are prepared a month before the intended planting. Pit dimensions - 70 x 100;
- fill the hole halfway with the mixture fertile soil with fertilizers (humus, wood ash, potassium sulfate and superphosphate);
- the seedling is placed there, its root system is straightened and covered with earth;
- the earth is compacted, watered and covered with mulch - peat, humus or cow manure.
Apple trees can be planted in both spring and autumn, depending on climatic conditions.
Care
Caring for apple trees is also standard:
- trees require sufficient moisture, especially in summer period. Watering is carried out as the soil dries out, but there is no need to allow waterlogging, otherwise it may have a bad effect on the apple trees;
- Don’t forget about feeding, to which Jonagold reacts positively. In the spring, urea is used as fertilizer, in the summer the emphasis is on potassium and phosphorus, and in the fall organic matter is added;
- apple trees require annual pruning, which is done to thin out the trees and form their crown;
- The soil around the trees is weeded several times a season and cleared of organic debris. It is in it that pest larvae, harmful bacteria and fungal spores, which are the causative agents of various ailments, can multiply;
- through loosening, they provide oxygen access to the root system of trees;
- in regions with a temperate climate, where there are cold winters, apple trees, especially young ones, are covered for the winter. The space around the trees is mulched to prevent the roots from freezing, and the trunks are whitened.
Today all over the world there is simply a huge number of different varieties of apple trees, each of which is characterized by its own unique productivity indicators or appearance. However, it also happens that there is no need at all to be experienced gardener to recognize what type of apple tree is growing in front of your eyes.
This is due to the fact that certain species are so popular due to their very high consumer indicators that every person knows them. Just one of these types is the Jonagold apple variety, which is characterized by extremely high resistance to drought and is also characterized by unpretentiousness in the growing process.
The described Jonagold apple tree variety is the result of the work of breeders in New York and was first bred in 1943 by quite successfully crossing two varieties - Golden Delicious and Jonathan. IN European countries This type of apple tree appeared in 1960, first appearing in the gardens of the Netherlands and Belgium. This is due to the fact that American breeders no longer saw any particular benefit in growing and, accordingly, improving this type of apple.
Jonagold apples underwent truly large-scale production research in the 70-80s. last century in the steppe and forest-steppe of Ukraine.
It should be noted that directly in the territories former USSR This species has revealed its full potential.
Description of the variety
In general, Jonagold apples grow on fast-growing and vigorous trees. Characteristic feature Apple trees have a wide, oval-shaped crown, but with age the shape changes to spherical, with an average degree of density. Skeletal branches extend from the trunk at a wide angle.
Indicators of kidney excitability are quite high, while shoot formation is mostly average. Most of the fruits are formed, in addition to the ringlets, also on fruit twigs and annual growths. The flowering process occurs in medium terms. In addition, the Jonagold apple tree is a triploid type, i.e. For intensive fruiting, the presence of at least 2 pollinators is necessary.
Thanks to free pollination, no more than 20% of the ovary is formed. The most the best plants The varieties Elstar, Gloster and Idared are recognized as pollinators. The tree bears large fruits, with the weight of one apple being about 170-250 grams. The fruits are round or slightly elongated in shape, one-dimensional with weakly expressed ribbing around the fruit calyx.
When describing the Jonagold apple variety, it should be noted that the fruits are covered with a peel of medium thickness, moderately elastic and smooth. The cover is very dense with a shiny tint and is characterized by a typical waxy coating. Such external characteristics of apples allow them to have significant food value.
Resistance to frost and disease
The described variety Jonagold belongs to fruit plants of average frost resistance.
Despite the fact that this species grows well in middle lane Russia, however, the apple tree reacts negatively to strong changes in the region’s usual winter temperature to extreme frosts.
If it happens to freeze, it recovers poorly, and productivity indicators are sharply reduced. For this reason, in the middle zone this variety is grown on frost-resistant wood chips.
Despite the fact that in the country from which Jonagold apples are brought, they are not very resistant to various diseases, in Russia this species is characterized by average resistance to scab. However, powdery mildew is affected much more often. The fight against such diseases should be carried out constantly.
With the onset of spring, fruit plants must be treated with Bordeaux mixture. Immediately after the end of bud break, but not during the flowering process, they are treated with other preparations that contain copper. The number of treatments depends on weather conditions. In hot or rainy weather they should be carried out as often as possible than during dry summers.
Nutritional value of apples
When describing Jonagold apples, you should pay attention to the fact that the apple pulp has a dense consistency, significant juiciness, and is also yellow in color. The fruits are characterized by a crunchy pulp, typical for the variety, with a sour-sweet taste with a certain amount of astringency. Due to their high taste characteristics, apples have a tasting score of 4.6-4.8 points, which makes the fruit very tasty when consumed fresh.
Apples of this type are fruits that have a universal purpose. They can be used freshly picked and are suitable for canning, as well as for making purees, compotes and juices. It should be noted that in the countries where Jonagold apples come from, they are in great demand in the manufacture of dry powder used in baby food, and also serve as raw materials for the preparation of desserts, jams and preserves. 
Thus, the Jonagold apple variety is distinguished by the following energy value indicators:
- carbohydrate volume is about 12 grams or 48 calories;
- the amount of fat is about 0.5 grams or 5 kcal;
- the volume of proteins is about 0.5 grams or 2 kcal.
It is these characteristics that make this product so popular in the market.
The best clones of the Jonagold variety
Since Jonagold apple trees are very popular all over the world, this has led to the creation of a great many clones of the tree, of which there are currently approximately 100 throughout the planet. Most often, the main difference between clones and the original apple tree is the more intense coloring of the fruit.
The text below will describe the clones that are most popular among gardeners. All of them have high yields, as well as some resistance to diseases and severe frosts. Among them, in first place is the Jonagold Decosta variety, which grows most often in Russian gardens.
Apple variety Jonagold Decosta
The described Jonagold Decosta apple tree is a popular clone of the very popular Jonagold apple variety. The first mention of the species appeared in Belgium. Considering the issue of tree growth vigor, the shape of its crown and stability, we can say that they are identical to the Jonagold variety. The fruit plant bears very large fruits, the average weight of which is about 200 grams.
Apples are different yellow tint over the entire area of the fruit with a streaked raspberry-red blush. The pulp is characterized by very high juiciness, medium density and sweet and sour taste, as well as significant indicators of taste. Plants have above average winter hardiness. Apple trees are quite early-bearing, the fruiting period most often begins at 3 years of age. 
Productivity is high and stable. Continuing the description of the Jonagold Decosta apple tree, it should be noted that full ripening of the fruits occurs in the last ten days of September, and they are perfectly preserved until spring. The ripening time of apples of this type coincides with the ripening period of the Jonagold variety tree. They are well transported, while maintaining a very high presentation. The purpose of the fruit is universal. Excellent grown on an industrial scale.
Apple variety Jonagold Red Prince
The Red Jonagold apple variety is a clone of the fairly popular Jonagold variety and was bred in Holland. This fruit plant is different strong growth, as well as a free and large crown. The varieties Prof Sprenger, Golden Hornet, Evereste, Reno 2, Szampion, Ligol, Najdared, Idared, Golden, Gloster, Gala, Elstar and Elise can be used as pollinators.
The apple tree bears quite characteristic fruits, which is reflected in their early coloring and acquisition of a rich red color. The apples are very large or large, the average diameter of the fruit is 75-85 mm, and have a spherical-cone shape. The skin of Jonagold Red Prince is smooth, shiny with 95-100% coverage of a diffuse or intense burgundy blush, even on the dark side of the plant and in the center of the crown.
Apples of this variety are characterized by a very high content of sugar and anthocyanins, as well as significant hardness when compared with other types of Jonagold. 
The fruits ripen very early, most often in the second ten days of September, which is somewhat earlier than other Jonagold varieties. Thanks to the exceptional density of the peel and fine-grained pulp, fruits can be stored for a long time, without losing their taste and appearance at all.
Continuing the description of the Jonagold Red Prince apple tree, it should be noted that according to studies conducted in the USA, apples, after being removed from the refrigerator and placed under room temperature at 15 degrees Celsius, maintained a hardness of 6.5 kg/cm2. At the same time, the variety is characterized by low frost resistance. As for diseases, it is characterized by average resistance to scab, powdery mildew, and fire blight.
Apple variety King Jonagold
To begin with, it should be noted that the King Jonagold apple tree produces quite tasty apples, which are equally popular with the Jonagold variety. The fruits are characterized by such a typical difference as the presence in the upper part of the peel (near the calyx) of a bright yellow color without any outer color. Fruits differ comparatively large sizes. One apple weighs about 170-220 grams.
The pulp of the fruit is yellow, juicy and dense, having a rather harmonious taste (4.7-4.7 points according to the tasting assessment). According to the nature and intensity of color, colored hybrids of the Jonathan variety are divided into five groups. Moreover, the described species belongs to the 2nd group, i.e. has a bright red blurred integumentary blush.
The tree is practically no different from the Jonagold variety in its morphological characteristics, growth characteristics and care requirements, while it has average resistance to scab and frosty climates. It has an average flowering time, and the species Champion, Elstar, Jonathan, Gloucester and Idared are considered ideal pollinators. Full ripening occurs a couple of days earlier than Jonagold and occurs in mid-September. When stored in the refrigerator, the fruits can last until April.
While pruning fruit plant, it should be remembered that the King Jonagold apple variety is a vigorous tree with a crown of medium density. The fruits are set on fruit twigs, ringlets and annual growth. During the growing process, regular treatment against various fungal diseases should be carried out.
Summarizing the results of this article, we can conclude that the most suitable option The fruit plant to be grown by a novice gardener in Russia is the variety of apples indicated in the above text. Having studied the description of the Jonagold apple tree variety, any breeder will agree with this statement.
Breeding work aims to improve existing and develop new varieties of plants and animals. There are several methods and techniques for performing such tasks, among which is the method of interspecific crossing. It involves pollination of flowers of one plant variety with pollen of another, followed by selection of seeds. This is how many varieties and hybrids were obtained, among which the Jonagold apple tree takes its place.
The emergence and distribution of the Jonagold variety
The Jonagold apple tree variety was obtained in the mid-twentieth century, in 1943, in the USA. It was bred by scientists from the Geneva breeding station in New York State, crossing the well-known Jonathan and cultivars at that time. For some reason, the variety did not become widespread in America and in 1960, after some tests, it was brought to Europe. Soon the first industrial plantations of Jonagold appeared in Holland and Belgium. European gardeners were pleased with the new plant and plantings of the variety began to spread to other countries.
In the Soviet Union, Jonagold drew attention in the early 70s, and then serious variety testing began. Around then, this apple tree returned to the American continent and became one of the most popular there. The main work with the variety was carried out in institutes of the steppe and forest-steppe zones of Ukraine, where the emphasis was on determining the frost and drought resistance of the plant. The Jonagold apple tree performed well, and by the mid-80s, seedlings were propagated and brought for planting to different regions of the USSR. It is in our country that the variety has become most widespread and is successfully grown to this day (though only on private plots).
Photo gallery: Jonagold and parents
Variety Golden Delicious - fragrant apples light yellow color
Variety Jonagold - parents can be proud of this offspring 
The Jonathan variety is popular due to its unpretentiousness and high yield.
Description of the apple tree
The Jonagold apple tree has medium, sometimes large, sizes. The shape of the crown changes slightly with age - from round to more elongated, oval. The density is characterized as average, the branches generally grow almost horizontally, forming a right angle with the trunk. Young, overgrowing shoots are directed upward. The bark of the trunk is gray-brown in color; that of annual growth is brown. The leaves are large, pointed, smooth with a green matte surface. The flowers are medium-sized, white, located on ringlets and fruiting branches.
Young Jonagold trees in industrial cultivation
Jonagold's fruits are large, with an average weight of 185 g, but they can weigh up to 220 g. The shape is regular, round, slightly elongated. The ribbing is weak, more noticeable in large fruits. The main color of the apple is green with yellowish, integumentary, often occupying 75% of the surface, orange-red, blurred, sometimes with noticeable stripes. The skin is dense, smooth, with a waxy coating. The funnel is conical, medium size. The peduncle is short, curved, firmly holding the fruit.
Jonagold apples
The apple pulp is fine-grained, medium-density, juicy, cream or yellow in color. The taste is sweet and sour, tart with a pleasant, strongly noticeable fruity aroma. When fresh, the fruits have the highest tasting score - 5 points; during storage, the taste deteriorates slightly to 4.6–4.8 points. Harvesting maturity occurs in late September - early October.
Appearance and section of Jonagold apples
Video: all about the Jonagold apple tree
Characteristics of the variety
Like any other plant, Jonagold has its positive and negative traits.
Problematic characteristics that slightly alarm gardeners when choosing a variety are:
- triploid type of apple tree, when at least two pollinators are required for full pollination, but the plant itself cannot be a pollinator;
- low adaptability, as a result, poor winter hardiness: the apple tree is difficult to adapt to changing conditions normal conditions to more severe ones;
- resistance to scab and powdery mildew is average, but unfavorable conditions there is a high risk of severe damage to trees, which requires, regardless of weather factors, constant preventive treatments.
These qualities undoubtedly make it difficult to grow a Jonagold apple tree, but, of course, they should not be considered key. This variety has many qualities that have made it famous and popular in many regions. Among them it is necessary to highlight:
- good yield - average, recorded in industrial cultivation - 225 c/ha;
- high drought and heat resistance of plants, increased temperature has almost no effect on the general condition of the tree;
- early fruiting - fruiting begins from the third year after planting, at the age of 6 years the harvest is 10–15 kg;
- ability to long-term storage- if appropriate conditions are met, the collected fruits are stored for about eight months;
- versatility of using fruits both fresh and after processing, in home and industrial conditions;
- excellent transportability of fruits - losses during transportation are minimal;
- Lastly, and perhaps most importantly, these are large, one-dimensional, smooth apples with excellent taste and attractive appearance.
Jonagold apples look amazing before picking
Some features of growing Jonagold apple trees
How successfully Jonagold will grow should be considered immediately when planting a tree.
You need to start by choosing a location and preparing a planting hole. There should be no drafts at the landing site, level groundwater- no closer than 1.5 m from the ground surface. The acid reaction of the soil should be neutral, at a level of 5.5–6.5 pH (if it does not correspond, take the necessary measures). Prepare the pit at least 3–4 weeks before the expected planting date and apply required quantity fertilizers - 2 buckets of organic matter (compost, humus, etc.).
When planting several trees, the distance between them should not be less than 4.5 m. You should immediately determine the presence of pollinators. Within a radius of 20 m there must be at least two different varieties Apple trees have the same flowering period as Jonagold. If this condition is not met, the harvested harvest is unlikely to exceed 25–30% of the potential. Best neighbors You can name Idared, Elstar, Champion, the parent varieties Jonathan and Golden Delicious, as well as any of the many clones of Jonagold.
The optimal time for planting is considered to be early autumn, although spring planting is also possible. Planting the plant in the fall ensures compaction of the soil around the roots and overall survival of the root system before the winter cold.
There are no difficulties when forming the crown of a tree. For a planted seedling, the central conductor above the upper skeletal branch should be cut off and a sparse tiered form should be formed, removing thickening and damaged shoots.
During the growth process, Jonagold does not have a great need for fertilizing; autumn mulching humus - 1 bucket per sq. m trunk circle. If the soil is depleted, it is advisable to spring feeding nitroammophoska at the rate of 50 g/m 2 of the trunk circle. Treatment after flowering with boron-containing preparations improves fruit set.
Given the low resistance to powdery mildew, protective procedures must be carried out constantly, without even waiting for signs of the disease to appear. Before the buds open, the tree should be treated with 3% Bordeaux mixture (per 10 liters of water - 0.3 kg of copper sulfate and 0.4 kg of quicklime) or DNOC (strictly following the instructions for use). Before flowering and immediately after it, spray with copper-containing fungicides. In humid and damp weather, treatments should be carried out approximately once every two weeks, preferably changing the preparations; in dry weather, one spray per month is sufficient.
Jonagold trees are difficult to tolerate severe frosts and sudden temperature changes, so at a young age the plant needs to be covered for the winter. As long as the size of the apple tree allows, you need to completely wrap the trunk and branches with insulating materials. Both natural materials (straw, dry corn and sunflower plants, burlap, etc.) and synthetic materials (roofing felt, plastic film, roofing felt and others). It is preferable to use natural ones - the air circulates more freely and it is much easier for the plant to breathe; when the temperature changes, condensation does not form on the branches.
Complete covering of trees for the winter with synthetic material
These are perhaps the main points that you should pay attention to when growing the Jonagold variety.
Such delicious fruits proper care apple tree Jonagold gives
