The cost of running water in a cottage will depend on whether you choose an autonomous or centralized water supply system. The water supply in the cottage can be supplied from a centralized system. Sometimes communications are already connected to the house. But their use is not always convenient. Water pressure may be unstable. In addition, the water quality in cottage villages sometimes leaves much to be desired. Therefore, most often, autonomous water supply is chosen for cottages. They drill an artesian well for it, equip it, connect a pump, and more. necessary equipment. This requires additional costs. But by equipping your own well and taking water from it, you will get serious savings on payments utilities. You can install water purification systems. This will allow you to be confident that the water will be safe.
Stages of arranging a water supply system
The first stage of arranging a water supply system in a cottage is to connect the house to a centralized system or to create a water supply system to the house. Further work is in many ways similar to the work that is carried out when installing water supply in an apartment. The work consists of the following stages:
Installation of risers;
Carrying out plumbing installations;
Installation of a heating system (if it is assumed that the cottage will be heated using water);
Connecting plumbing fixtures and devices that require connection to a water supply.
Most often they choose for cottages hidden wiring. It is installed in the ceilings, and as a bonus you get a warm floor. However, if the installation of water supply takes place in an already built house, preference may be given to open wiring. After all, the price for plumbing in a cottage will depend on the complexity of the work. And execute hidden installation in an already constructed building it is more difficult than doing this during the construction phase.
Selection of materials
For both hidden and open systems The most common choice for wiring is plastic pipes. They are not afraid of temperature changes. Therefore, if the cottage is uninhabited in winter, and accordingly, there will be no heating in it, the plastic pipes will not burst. But steel pipes can let their owners down. The same cannot be said about copper pipes. But if the house will be empty in winter, it is not practical to install copper pipes. The price of such pipes is quite high. At the same time, copper is a non-ferrous metal that is accepted for scrap. Therefore, leaving a house with copper pipes for the winter, you can return to your cottage in the summer and not find any plumbing or heating system. Plastic pipes are unlikely to attract thieves.
The choice of fittings and fittings will depend entirely on the choice of pipe material. Only certain fittings are suitable for each material.
Plumbing fixtures and heating radiators (if it is assumed that the house will be used in winter and heated with water) are chosen at your own discretion. If the cottage will not be used constantly, and the owners will visit the cottage only on weekends, or use it as a summer residence, then choose budget options. If the house is permanent and people will live in it permanently, regardless of the day of the week or time of year, then there is no point in saving.
Installation of a water supply system in a cottage
They try to install the water supply system in the cottage during the construction stage. First, water is brought into the house, then risers are connected. After covering them, the pipes are laid out. When doing the wiring, take into account that the water pipes should be located below electrical wires. Pipes supplying cold water are placed at the bottom. Above them are pipes supplying hot water and gas pipelines. In autonomous systems, water supply is carried out by gravity. Therefore, it is worth taking care of the shut-off valves for each specific device. Otherwise, if the faucet leaks or the toilet is replaced, you will have to turn off the water for the entire cottage.
While creating autonomous system water supplies use compact pumping stations. Depending on the water needs, the pump power is selected. It should be taken into account that the power must be sufficient for the simultaneous operation of several devices. If large amounts of water are not planned (for example, for watering a huge plot, for water supply to a swimming pool, etc.), then choose a pump with a capacity of three to eight m2/h. If a lot of water will be consumed, then choose a more powerful pumping station.
Also, with an autonomous water supply system, filters must be installed. When choosing a filter, you also need to take into account its throughput. The filter capacity must be equal to or higher than the maximum water supply power of the pump. Otherwise, the cleaning system may not cope. Since water is supplied from an artesian well, it is important to install coarse filters, and more thin systems. The water purification system in cottages with autonomous water supply most often has several stages.
If you need to provide your cottage with running water, feel free to contact the “Problem-in-the-House.NET” company. The company's specialists can handle both the creation of an autonomous water supply system and the connection to a centralized water supply system. You can check the prices for water supply in the cottage by phone
The importance of a full-fledged water supply in the countryside cannot be overestimated. Without a constant water supply, caring for the area becomes extremely labor-intensive, and ordinary washing of dishes turns into a real ordeal, not to mention the use of modern household appliances, requiring connection to a water supply and.
That is why almost every owner summer cottage wants to install a full-fledged water supply system. It is quite possible to cope with the solution of this problem with your own hands. This is, firstly, an invaluable experience, and secondly, an excellent opportunity to save money by refusing the services of third-party craftsmen.
It is better if the planning of the water supply is carried out at the stage of drawing up the design of the summer cottage and house. A full-fledged project includes a number of drawings and documents, including:
For you need to select small room on the first floor of the house. A room of 3-4 m2 will be sufficient. It is more convenient when the water input unit and the necessary technical devices located in one room - this gives the owner the opportunity to fully control the water supply process.
A typical private water supply system includes the following equipment:
- pipeline. Products made of polypropylene, metal-plastic and metal are suitable;
- set of taps and fittings;
- pump;
- pressure gauge;
- expansion tank;
- pressure switch;
- electrical support with full automatic protection;
- purification filters for removing suspended particles and various types of contaminants from the water;
- Installed as needed. In most cases, the cumulative model is more convenient.
Selecting a water supply source
During the design process country water supply need to choose optimal source water. Check out the available options and choose the one that best suits your case.
The simplest and convenient option. It is important that the pressure in the system is sufficient to deliver water to the building. Otherwise, you will need to additionally buy a pump or consider other methods of water supply.
Water will be supplied to the building through a system of pipes and fittings.
IN in this case To install a water supply system, you usually do not need to buy any additional devices - you simply need to dig a trench, lay down the water supply elements and cut into the central main line.
If you don't have access to a central highway, consider the following options.
The method is suitable for areas with an underground aquifer depth of at least 8-10 m.
The well shaft is equipped with the efforts of 2-3 people - doing it alone is too long and difficult.
The main advantage of the option under consideration is the extreme simplicity of the system - you can maintain and repair it on your own. Maintaining such a well in good condition does not require significant costs.
The main disadvantage is the strictly limited water supply. Not every individual well can provide as much water as is necessary to satisfy all the needs of the family.
Before choosing this option, calculate the amount of water you need and determine how much water the well can provide.
The installation of a water supply system based on a shaft well requires the use of a surface pump. The equipment is relatively inexpensive and easy to maintain.
Surface pump for country water supply from a well
Well
If the underground aquifer lies deeper than 8-10 m, you will have to drill a well. The pleasure is not cheap - drillers charge quite a significant amount of money for their work.
But, having spent money once on the construction of a well, you will provide for your dacha clean water V required volumes. If you want to save money, you can try to negotiate with your neighbors and make one well for several houses.
To install a water supply system in this case, you will need a special well or. Such equipment is much more expensive than its surface counterparts, but in terms of efficiency in providing clean water, it has no equal.
Summer and winter water pipes
Previously, you most likely heard such definitions as summer and winter water supply systems. Study the basic properties of these options; it is quite possible that even the simplest summer option will be able to satisfy your requests. Otherwise, you can immediately proceed to study the following sections of the manual, devoted to the arrangement of a full-fledged water supply system.
Summer option
The features of such a water supply system are clear from its name - the operation of such a system is possible only in warm period. There are stationary and collapsible modifications of the system.
The collapsible summer water supply has a very simple design: it is enough to connect the hoses to a pump with suitable parameters and lay them along the surface of the soil so that they do not interfere with normal movement around the summer cottage.
Silicone and rubber hoses are suitable for arranging the system. The connection is made using special adapters. Also available in specialized stores are more modern products for connecting hoses - latches. One side of such a latch is equipped with a spring-loaded connector, and the other has a “ruff”. With the help of such latches, hoses are connected quickly, securely and simply.
Most often, such a collapsible system is used for irrigation. Organize on its basis a complete water supply to solve household needs pointless.
Laying a stationary summer water supply performed underground. Flexible hoses are not suitable for arranging such a system. The best option- plastic pipes.
Pipes of a stationary seasonal water supply are laid at a meter depth. After the end of the season, water must be pumped out of the pipes, otherwise, with the arrival of cold weather, it will freeze and ruin the pipeline.
In view of this, the pipes must be laid with a slope in the direction of the drain valve. The valve itself is installed near the water source.
Winter option
This type of water supply can be used throughout the year.
Pipes made of polyethylene and polypropylene are suitable for arranging the system. The former are sold at a lower price and are installed without the use of special tools. The latter are somewhat more expensive and require the use of a soldering iron for pipes during installation. However, in the end additional details for the installation of polyethylene-based pipes you will spend more money than on additional products used when installing polypropylene pipes.
Water pipes are laid with a slight slope towards the water supply source. The pipeline should pass 200-250 mm below the freezing point of the soil.
There is also an option with pipe laying at a depth of 300 mm. In this case, additional insulation of the pipeline is required. Foamed polyethylene performs excellent thermal insulation functions. Exist special products cylindrical shape. It is enough to simply put such rounded polypropylene on the pipe and as a result the product will be reliably protected from cold and other adverse influences.
Not only the winter water supply pipes, but also the water source need additional insulation.
For example, a well is insulated for the winter and covered with snow. These measures will be sufficient to protect the structure from the cold.
Surface pumping equipment, if used, is equipped with a caisson. A caisson is a pit with additional insulation, located next to a water source equipped with a pump.
Installation of automatic pumping stations can only be carried out in a room where the air temperature does not drop to negative levels even in the most severe frosts.
The sewer system also needs insulation. If it is absent, the drains will freeze and disrupt the operation of the drainage system.
Drafting
Start by drawing up a system design. First of all, decide on the equipment. Specify the location of water intake points, calculate the required number of fittings, select optimal material manufacture and type of water pipes.
Plastic pipes are used most often. These are durable and reliable products that fully cope with all the tasks assigned to them. At the same time, plastic pipes do not rust, which allows them to be sewn into walls, unlike their metal counterparts.
Compose detailed diagram future water supply. Indicate all dimensions on the drawing. This way you can calculate the optimal footage and determine required quantity components. In this case, it is recommended to buy components with a 10-15 percent reserve.
You must also decide whether you will choose and buy all the necessary equipment yourself, or whether you will immediately buy a ready-made water intake station. At this point, be guided by your personal preferences.
Installation of plumbing system components
First step
Dig a trench from the water source to the point where the pipe enters the building.
Second step
Deep-type equipment is lowered into a water supply source. Surface pumps are mounted next to a well or well. The pump is installed in a heated room or in a caisson.
Third step
Connect the water pipe to the installed pump. Attach the free end of the connected pipe to a fitting with five terminals.
Fourth step
Connect a storage tank, a pressure gauge, and a pressure switch to the free outlets of the fitting. The volume of the storage tank can reach 400-500 liters or even more. Thanks to this device, optimal performance will be ensured. In addition to this, in storage tank You can store water for emergencies.
Fifth step
Connect a pipe to the remaining free fitting outlet, and then run the line along the pre-leveled bottom of the dug trench straight into the house. You also need to lay a protected cable along the bottom of the pit to connect the pump and accumulator.
It is important that the outlet intended to power the above-mentioned units is properly grounded.
Sixth step
Install a shut-off valve before the pipe enters the building. It will allow you to shut off the water supply if the need arises.
Seventh step
After making sure that the external pipeline is working correctly, fill the hole and begin installing the internal wiring.
Regardless of the chosen source of water supply, it is strongly recommended that the water supply system be equipped with cleaning devices
Perform internal wiring in accordance with the previously prepared diagram. At this point, be guided by your preferences. Do everything so that in the future it will be convenient for you to use the connected water supply.
Finally, all you have to do is arrange water intake points by connecting faucets, appliances, etc.
Providing hot water supply
If you need to provide hot water supply, you can supplement your plumbing system with a water heater. There are storage and flow-through varieties of such equipment. At dachas, it is most convenient to use storage tanks.
The installation of the water heater is carried out according to the standard scheme for such equipment.
Now you know in what order the installation of the plumbing system is carried out and what needs to be taken into account for the successful implementation of all related activities. Do everything in accordance with the provisions of this guide, and your plumbing will serve well for many years.
Good luck!
Video - Do-it-yourself plumbing in a country house
Do you want to ensure your water supply? country house on your own? Agree that doing this work with your own hands is a completely feasible task if you know the nuances of constructing a water supply system.
We will help you understand the intricacies and basic rules - in this article we will talk about how to install a water supply system in a private house with your own hands. Where to start and how to carry out all the work correctly.
For a better understanding of the process, we have selected visual photos and plumbing diagrams. The article is also supplemented with useful video recommendations on the rules for installing water supply and tips on installing system input nodes in a country house.
Regardless of whether the water supply is installed in an existing building or installed during the construction of a new one, its design and installation must be approached very responsibly.
First of all, you need to decide on a source for water supply. You need to know that according to the standards, the water supply system must provide water to each person living in the house based on the calculation of 30-50 liters per day per person.
When arranging a bathroom and sewerage system, the calculated figure increases three times. For watering the garden and green spaces, a water consumption of at least 5 liters per square meter is assumed. meter.
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It turns out that the volumes of water consumption of a country house are quite large. Therefore, the choice of water source must be approached as responsibly as possible.
The owner can choose between decentralized and centralized water supply. In the first option, the source of water supply will be, etc. In the second there is a water supply network that supplies its settlement.
Collector diagram for water supply distribution
The main difference from parallel wiring is the presence of a special distribution unit - a collector, from which a separate pipeline is laid to each consumer. This makes it possible to supply water to all water points with the same pressure.
Depending on the length of the system, it may include several collectors. The main disadvantage of such a system is the high consumption of pipes.
Typical scheme The plumbing looks something like this. It starts either from the point of insertion into the centralized main line, or from the area where the system is connected to a well or other source of water supply.
In the latter case, a pump or pumping station must be installed here to supply water to the system. It also assumes the presence of a hydraulic accumulator and a shut-off valve, which is used in the event of a leak or scheduled repairs.
If necessary, divide the water flow, use a tee. It will generate two streams: one will be used for technical needs, such as watering the garden, swimming pool, shower, etc., and the second will be sent to the house.
The pipe that carries water into the house must be equipped with a filtration system to clean the liquid from all kinds of impurities.
At this stage, coarse filters will be quite sufficient.
The collector is a distribution node in which the total flow is divided into several branches
Next, you will need to install another tee on the pipe entering the house. This is done only if it is planned to organize hot water supply. The flow will be divided into cold water and water sent for heating.
The cold water supply pipe is connected to the corresponding collector, from which distribution is carried out further throughout the building. The hot pipeline is first connected to the water heater, then to the corresponding collector, and then in the same way as the first option.
When designing wiring, experts strongly recommend reducing the length of pipelines as much as possible and keeping the number of joints and bends to a minimum. After all, they are the potential causes of leaks.
In addition, it is highly undesirable to turn pipes at right angles. This significantly reduces the pressure in the main line.
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The water supply can be laid hidden or open method. The first is the most aesthetic. He assumes that the pipes will be laid in grooves laid inside the walls or covered with decorative boxes.
In this case, it is important that the material from which the parts are made is not susceptible to corrosion, since it will be extremely difficult to notice a leak in time. Open-mounted pipes are laid on top of the walls.
Stages of plumbing installation
At self-installation Experts recommend following several rules and adhering to a specific plan of action. Let's talk about this in more detail.
Stage #1. Preparing for work
First of all, it is better to start laying the pipeline from the water consumer, and not vice versa. It will be easier. First, using an adapter to a threaded type connection, we attach water pipe to the consumer.
It is advisable to install a shut-off ball valve between the adapter and the device. It will make it possible, if necessary, to quickly shut off the water supply or repair a broken device without any problems. The pipe is led from the water consumer to the collector.
Also, when doing wiring you need to follow a few simple rules:
- The pipes should be placed at a distance of about 20 mm from the wall, this will make them easier to repair.
- It is highly undesirable to lay pipes so that they pass through partitions or walls. If this is still necessary, the parts are placed in a special glass.
- Clips are used for fastening to walls. They must be present every one and a half to two meters and at all corner joints.
- If drain taps are to be installed, the pipe is laid with slight slope towards him.
- When performing a walkthrough internal corner the part is placed at a distance of 30-40 mm from the wall, when going around the outside - 15 mm.
Before connecting to the collector, it is strongly recommended to install shut-off valves on the pipe going to the consumer. This will allow you to quickly disconnect the branch from the system in the event of an emergency, as well as repair it without unnecessary problems.
Water pipes can be laid in a hidden way inside grooves made in the wall of the building. Hidden way gaskets are most often used to implement collector wiring
Stage #2. Pipe selection
The parts from which the plumbing system is assembled must be inert to chemical and temperature influences, durable, wear-resistant and as light as possible.
That is why, to arrange the system in country house Most often, polyethylene, polypropylene or polyvinyl chloride pipes are chosen. When choosing, you need to take into account the operating temperature of plastics; not all can interact with hot water.
Modern plastic parts are equipped with a large number of components, which allows you to assemble a structure of any degree of complexity
Alternatively you can use . There are many arguments in favor of assembling a water supply system from plastic elements. First of all, the design is lightweight, but at the same time durable.
Installation of the system is so simple that even a beginner can handle it. Soldering is used to fasten parts together, resulting in very strong, almost monolithic joints.
Another plus is the ability to bend elements, which can significantly reduce the number of dangerous areas in an emergency sense. Where it is necessary to connect metal and plastic elements, special combined type fittings with special metal inserts are used.
Plastic parts have high torsional rigidity. This is very important for cases where the pump develops high torque.
If necessary, the plastic pipeline can be modernized, which is also important. In addition to plastic and metal-plastic, you can use traditional options. These include parts or.
The main disadvantage of the first option is the susceptibility to corrosion. Copper pipes They have many advantages, but their cost is very high.
An important point is the choice of the diameter of the parts. It is carried out based on the length of a specific pipeline section.
For lines longer than 30 m, parts with a diameter of 32 mm are selected; pipelines shorter than 10 m are assembled from elements with a cross-section of 20 mm. Medium-length lines are mounted from pipes with a diameter of 25 mm.
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Stage #3. Connecting the pumping station
Another important issue that must be considered when installing water supply in a country house is.
It was already mentioned above that to provide the building with a sufficient amount of water, a pumping station or pressure tank. Using the second option is quite troublesome. As practice shows, most homeowners choose a pumping station.
The device pumps water from a well, or less often from a well. This equipment is sensitive to low temperatures, so it is placed in ground floor, basement or heated technical room.
True, in this case, the noise from the operating pump may disturb residents. In some cases, the equipment is placed in a specially equipped caisson that covers.
A pumping station is a set of equipment that ensures complete pumping of water from a well or a well.
Work on connecting the pumping station is generally carried out as follows. A pipe is connected from the source to the equipment, onto which a brass fitting equipped with an adapter with a diameter of 32 mm is put on.
A tee equipped with a drain valve is connected to it. This will make it possible to turn off the water supply if necessary. Connects to the tee check valve. The device will not allow water to return to the well.
It may be necessary to turn the line to direct the pipe to the pumping station. If this is the case, a special corner is used. All subsequent elements are connected using the so-called “American”.
First, a shut-off ball valve is connected, turning off the water supply if necessary. Then a coarse filter is installed, which will protect the device from impurities.
The pumping station can be installed in an insulated caisson above the well head, or can be installed in a house, in any heated room
After this, the pumping station is connected. There is a nuance here. The equipment involves the installation of a damper tank and. If the pump is located in the well and all other equipment is located in the house, then the pressure switch is installed on top of the pipe.
A damper tank is mounted below. After this, the dry running sensor is connected. It will not allow the pump to work without water and will protect it from damage.
The last connection element is an adapter for a pipe with a diameter of 25 mm. After all the parts have been installed, it is recommended to check the quality of the work performed. To do this, start the pump and let it run for a while.
If the equipment pumps water properly, then everything is fine and work can continue. If not, you need to find the cause and eliminate it.
Stage #4. Installing a hydraulic accumulator
Stage #5. Installation of water purification equipment
Water treatment also does not apply mandatory elements water supply However, practice shows that most homeowners install such equipment. It is especially necessary for those who use a borehole or well as a source of water.
The quality of such water is usually far from ideal. The liquid coming from the well is in most cases contaminated with mechanical impurities.
Therefore, at a minimum, it is worth installing coarse filters. To fully protect the water supply system and the household appliances connected to it, you must accurately determine the nature of the impurities and chemical composition water coming from a well.
To do this, the samples are taken to the laboratory and obtained, which will show which filters are needed for this system.
Water treatment equipment is installed after the hydraulic accumulator. It is a set of filters selected based on the results of an analysis of the water entering the house.
Combination devices can be installed here, which include several filters at once.
However, there is no point in installing fine filters and reverse osmosis here. Such equipment is installed only in the kitchen for cleaning small quantity water that will be used for drinking and cooking.
Plumbing in a private building, be it a summer house or a full-fledged residential building, is necessary. Moreover, you can design and assemble the system yourself. At the same time, it is important to listen to the advice of specialists and not to deviate from the instructions.
If it seems too complicated, you can trust the work construction company. Professionals will do everything quickly and efficiently necessary work, and the owner will only have to accept the finished structure into operation.
If your experience in arranging home plumbing differs from the installation rules outlined here, please leave your comments under the article.
Do-it-yourself water supply in a private house can be done from a central water supply or from a well (well). The principles of its creation, the main components of the system in each of these cases are virtually the same.
Selecting a wiring diagram
There are two ways to supply water to points of consumption, and the choice of a water supply layout in a private house with your own hands depends on the parameters of the system, as well as on the intensity of water consumption (permanent or periodic residence, number of residents, etc.).
Serial connection
This connection is also called tee. The tap, shower and other points are connected in series. This method requires the use of fewer materials (pipes, fittings, etc.), and is therefore cheaper.
Disadvantage serial connection When laying out a water supply system, there is a possibility of a decrease in pressure pressure at the most remote points when several water intake points are used at the same time.
Collector connection
Collector (or parallel) connection is the organization of a collector (or two collectors - hot and cold water supply), to which lines leading to each water intake point are connected. To implement such a scheme, you will need large quantity pipes, but its operating principle allows for stable pressure.
There are additional nuances when choosing the principle of water supply. Do-it-yourself installation of water supply in a private house can be done in two ways:
- "Blind" lines ending in a dead end (stub). This scheme for wiring the water supply system in the house is more economical, however, when supplying hot water, it can create some inconvenience - when opening the tap, you must wait a certain time until the liquid reaches the plug, and only after that hot water appears in the tap.
- Circulation closed lines more practical and convenient, however, to implement such a project you will need not only a larger number of pipes, but also a special circulation pump.
Experts recognize the most rational combined option, in which “blind” wiring cold water Combined with hot water circulation line.
Main components of the circuit
The water distribution diagram in a private house, or more precisely, the part of it that is responsible for supplying water to the house, consists of the following main components:
- pumping unit for a well or borehole,
- nipple (adapter),
- preventing reverse,
- pipeline,
- filter equipment (one or more different filters depending on water quality),
- shut-off valves,
- five-piece (fitting) for connecting the main elements and instruments (pressure gauge, pipes).
Sequence of water supply scheme
In order to visualize how to install water in a private house with your own hands, you can consider the flow of communications from the source to the end point.
1. An individual water unit (well or borehole) is equipped with pumping equipment, the selection of which is carried out according to the following principles:
- for deep artesian wells only submersible pumps can be used,
- for narrow channels and casing pipes - only surface units, including pumping stations,
- in other cases, the choice between submersible and external equipment is made depending on technical characteristics specific models and operating conditions.
2. The pipeline supplying water to the house is usually laid underground. The depth of the trench is usually selected taking into account the depth of soil freezing in a given region. As additional protection Communications are provided with a heat-insulating layer to protect against freezing.
Plumbing a house from 3. The point at which the pipeline enters the house deserves special attention.
- Firstly, the hole for the pipe is made with a large margin - a gap of at least 150 mm on all sides. This allows you to avoid deformation and destruction of communications if over time the wall begins to sag or deform.
- Secondly, a small section of pipe located between underground and ground-protected communications and internal wiring in a warm room is located on outdoors. This is where the risk of pipeline freezing is highest, so good thermal insulation is required.
4. The hydraulic accumulator and control devices are installed, as a rule, in the basement, basement or on the first floor near the point of entry of the pipeline into the house. From a purely technical point of view, it would be more correct to place such equipment in the most high point, however, from the point of view of practicality and ease of use, the lower levels are more suitable. You just need to take into account the need to raise the water to upper floors at .
The hydraulic accumulator is designed to stabilize pressure in communications and prevent frequent switching on (and, accordingly, rapid wear) of pumping equipment.
The control and monitoring unit includes a pressure gauge, pressure switch and which prevents air entrapment and formation air jams in the system when the water level in a well or well decreases.
5. Filter systems are equipped, depending on the need, with devices for:
- preliminary rough removal of large particles of impurities (more about),
- fine cleaning,
- water softening.
Afterwards, you install the water supply system in a private house with your own hands according to the chosen scheme. For a collector circuit it might look like this:
- Immediately behind the accumulator there is a tee along with a shut-off valve. The tee divides the flow of water into two directions - into the house and for other needs (watering, car washing, etc.);
- A deep cleaning filter is connected;
- Next comes a tee, from which the water supply pipes in a private house are divided into a pipe for cold water, which immediately goes to the cold water collector, and into a pipe through which the water will go to a boiler or another for heating. After heating, the water is sent to the hot water manifold.
The photo shows a diagram of water distribution in a private house Important: When installing water supply in a private house with your own hands using a collector circuit, it is necessary to install shut-off valves at each point of water consumption.
Pipe selection
Diameter of communications
When installing water pipes in a private house choosing the right one with your own hands will ensure efficiency at the installation stage of the system, as well as avoid unpleasant noise when water moves through communications.
To calculate the parameters of lines supplying water to points of consumption, the starting point is total length of each line:
- for a branch less than 10 meters long, pipes with a diameter of 16-20 mm can be used,
- for branches of about 30 meters - with a diameter of 25 mm,
- For the longest lines over 30 meters, pipes with a maximum diameter of 32 mm are required.
Important: Special attention Care should be taken to select the diameter of the collector pipe. An insufficient value can cause problems in the system.
The distribution of water in a private house from the collector is calculated based on the fact that each tap has a throughput capacity of about 5 liters per minute. After this, roughly calculate how much water is taken simultaneously from all points at peak moments and select the diameter of the collector:
- 25 mm for a flow rate of 30 l/min,
- 32 mm for 50 l,
- 38 mm for 75 l.
Pipe material
Laying a water supply system in a private house allows you to use pipes from various materials, each of which has its own advantages, disadvantages and operating features.
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In order for the system to work flawlessly, it is important to know how to install plumbing in a private house with your own hands correctly. This concept can include both the basic principles regulated building codes and rules, as well as some nuances and subtleties known to experienced craftsmen.
- Ideally, the pipeline should not pass through building structures, however, in practice, creating such a circuit is often impossible or impractical. If it is necessary to conduct communications through the wall, the pipe must be placed in a protective cup.
- Despite the fact that the owner of the house almost always wants to get maximum free space and to do this, “press” the pipeline from the wall, between building structures and the communications running parallel to them must have a gap of at least 25 mm for easy installation repair work. The inner corner requires a distance of 40 mm, and the outer corner 15 mm.
- If there are drain valves on the pipelines or hydraulic accumulator, a slight slope is made in their direction.
- Most convenient way fixing the pipeline to the walls - these are special clips. You can choose single or double devices; in any case, the distance between them should be about 2 meters.
When deciding how to install water in a private home, remember that a properly executed internal system water supply has characteristic differences:
- Minimum joints and adapters. This improves the reliability and efficiency of the system.
- All connections are made in strict accordance with the installation technology of this particular type of pipe.
- Availability of valves or shut-off valves in critical areas of the system and at connection points.
- A minimum number of not very reliable flexible connection sections (hose connections), which are most vulnerable to pressure changes.
Water supply to a house is an objective condition for the normal living of its residents. SNiP 2.04.01-85 “Rate of water consumption by consumers” regulates water consumption in the range from 80 to 230 liters. per day per resident. Consumption depends on the availability of centralized water supply, sewerage, bath or shower, the presence of a water heating column and other factors.
In multi-storey and communal buildings this issue is resolved by connecting to the central water supply system. For a private country house or cottage, you have to provide your own water supply.
Of course, once you can bring water from external source in the amount of needs will not be difficult. But how to provide water to a family for a long time?
This article will help solve this problem, in which the types of water supply, diagrams, systems and methods of their construction are structured in detail. The nuances of doing the main types of work with your own hands are also indicated.
Types and methods of water supply to a private home
From the standpoint of the dependence of the water supply source on external factors, two fundamentally can be distinguished: different types delivery of water to the user:
Centralized water supply at home
In essence, the same autonomous, but within the region. In this case, the user does not need to worry about arranging a source of water. All you need to do is connect (cut into) the central water main.
Connecting the house to the central water supply
All actions come down to step-by-step implementation a number of requirements, including:
- contacting the regional utility organization MPUVKH KP "Vodokanal" (Municipal Enterprise "Water Supply and Sewerage Management"), which controls the central main;
- obtaining technical characteristics of the insert. The document contains data on the location of connection of the user's pipe system to the main line and its depth. In addition, the diameter of the main pipes is indicated there and, accordingly, instructions for choosing home pipe distribution. The water pressure indicator (guaranteed water pressure) is also indicated here;
- receive an estimate for connection, which is developed by a utility or contractor;
- control the execution of work. Which are also usually performed by UPKH;
- perform system testing.
Advantages of central water supply: convenience, simplicity.
Disadvantages: fluctuations in water pressure, questionable quality of incoming water, dependence on central supplies, high cost of water.
Autonomous water supply at home
You can independently provide water supply to your dacha, private or country house by using autonomous water supply. Essentially this is A complex approach, which includes activities for the installation of a water supply system, starting from providing a source of water supply, ending with its discharge to the sewer.
An autonomous water supply system can be presented in the form of two component subsystems:
- water delivery: imported, groundwater, from an open source;
- supply to points of consumption: gravity, using a pump, with the installation of a pumping station.
Therefore, in a generalized form, two water supply schemes can be distinguished: gravity (storage container with water) and automatic water supply.
Using a container (water tank)
The essence of the autonomous water supply scheme for a house is that water is supplied to the tank using a pump or poured manually.
Water flows to the user by gravity. After all the water in the tank has been used, it is filled again to the maximum possible level.
This method is supported by its simplicity; it is suitable if water is needed from time to time. For example, in a country house that is not visited often or in a utility room.
This water supply arrangement, despite its simplicity and low cost, is too primitive, inconvenient and, moreover, creates a significant weight on the interfloor (attic) floor. As a result, the system has not found widespread use and is more suitable as a temporary option.
Using an automatic water supply system
This diagram demonstrates the functioning of a fully autonomous water supply system for a private home. Water is supplied to the system and to the user using a system of components.
This is what we will talk about in more detail.
You can implement a completely autonomous water supply for a private home on your own by implementing one of the schemes. There are several device options to choose from:
1. Water from open sources
These can be surface sources: ponds, rivers, lakes. In some cases, such sources may be water purification systems. But in our country they are not yet widespread.
Important! Water from most open sources is not suitable for consumption. It can only be used for irrigation or other technical needs.
Obtaining water from an open source requires the creation of sanitary protection of water intake sites and is regulated by the provisions of SanPiN 2.1.4.027-9 “Zones of sanitary protection of water supply sources and drinking water pipelines.”
2. Water from underground sources: pools and aquifers
This water is, in most cases, suitable for consumption.
How to install water in a private house with your own hands
A step-by-step guide to choosing and installing water supply in a country cottage or country house from A to Z
The house water supply scheme consists of the following elements:
- water source;
- pipe system;
- pump, hydraulic accumulator, automation relay;
- filters;
- fittings, valves, check valves and plumbing fixtures;
- water heating equipment (for hot water supply);
- sewerage
Element 1. Water source
When starting to ensure autonomous water supply, you should determine the source of water supply and equip it.
Among the subtypes of autonomous water supply with an underground source of water supply are:
1.1 ordinary well;
1.2 Abyssinian well;
1.3 well “for sand”;
1.4 artesian well.
The final choice will depend on the type and characteristics of the soil, the depth of the water, and the productivity of the water vein.
1.1 Regular well
A traditional well is preferred when the water vein is located at a depth of 4-15 m. These are the so-called interstratal water sources. In addition to the depth of occurrence, it is important to determine the productivity of the vein. The incoming water must be sufficient to meet the needs of the family and/or household. Using a well, you can ensure a water supply of 500 liters/day.
The undoubted advantages of the well are:
- independence from electricity supplies. This way, in the event of a power outage, water can be collected with a bucket;
- long service life (up to 50 years), which has been tested in practice;
- low cost of work;
- simplicity of the device.
It should be noted that due to the shallow depth of water intake, it may be of poor quality. This is due to the probability of entering the well groundwater. The well is also characterized by changes in water level.
Important! When setting up a well, you need to position it correctly in terms of distance from above-ground buildings. It should not be located close to buildings, optimal distance- 5 m (will prevent erosion of the foundation of the building). In this case, the distance to direct sources of pollution (gutter, toilet, other sources) must be at least 50 m.
To dig a well you need to perform a number of steps:
- take a water sample;
Important! Before installing a well on your property, try your neighbors’ water, or better yet, have it analyzed. It may happen that the water will be unfit for consumption and all efforts will be in vain.
- obtain a conclusion about the quality of the soil and the depth of the aquifer. In practice, wells are often dug “by eye”;
- determine the place to dig a well. To do this, you can involve specialists and use special devices - indicator frames. And you can watch the dew for several months. The greatest accumulation of dew in a certain place indicates the proximity of water;
- choose a building material for finishing the walls of the well (shaft). The following materials are most often used for these purposes:
Reinforced concrete rings, which are manufactured in factories or cast independently. Their diameter is 1-1.5 m.p., and the estimated service life is up to 50 years. The obvious advantage of using rings is the possibility of deepening up to 20 m, high speed and greater safety of work. In addition, rings are installed as work progresses;
Small-piece materials: brick, rubble stone. This material is only suitable for wells with a depth of no more than 3-4 m. Its use significantly increases the labor intensity of the work;
Treated logs. For finishing shaft wells, logs made of wood that are resistant to exposure to high humidity. These include oak, larch, and pine. The diameter of the logs must be at least 120 mm.
- dig a well shaft. To reduce the cost of work, this is usually done manually. You can determine the dimensions of the shaft in this way: measure the diameter of the concrete circles, measure their thickness and add 10-15 cm to the backfill. Then, with a circle diameter of 1 m and a thickness of 10 cm, the diameter of the shaft will be 1.4 m. If you plan to use another material, for example, brick, then it is enough to indicate the desired diameter of the well and add two thicknesses of material to it;
- finish the well - internal and external.
1.2 Abyssinian well
Water supply for a country house from Abyssinian well or needle wells are the easiest way to get water from minimal costs. To do this, just follow a number of steps:
- check the water;
- choose a place for a well;
- hammer a needle hole;
- install a check valve and pump (manual or automatic).
The reason for the increased popularity of wells is the purity of the incoming water, tightness, ease of drilling, the ability to connect a pump, and a long service life (up to 30 years), a significant amount of incoming water - more than 1000 l/day. Among the disadvantages are the shallow driving depth and dependence on the composition of the soil.
1.3 Sand well
In this case, water also comes from interstratal sources. A sand well makes it possible to obtain more clean water, since aquifers are located after the loam that filters the water.
Thus, the well is used if the depth of the aquifer reaches 40 m.p.
The well has more short term operation (up to 10 years) and allows you to get up to 50 cubic meters. water per day. The well is distinguished by ease of drilling and less soil excavation.
A detailed description of how to make a well with graphical visualization is presented in the video
1.4 Artesian well
Allows the use of water from significant depths. The depth of the well reaches 150 m, which allows you to get water High Quality. The unlimited supply of water is also an argument in favor of an artesian well. At the same time, the service life of the well increases compared to the previous option to 50 years.
The method of drilling an artesian well is identical to the previous one. The only difference is what is applied mechanical method drilling: auger, rotary, core or percussion-rope. The well design is shown in the diagram.
Important! By law, artesian water is a strategic reserve of the state. Therefore, there is a need to register an artesian well.
Element 2. Pipes for water supply
Water supply cannot be organized without installing an extensive system of pipes, both external and internal, and a water tank.
Galvanized, polyethylene, polypropylene or metal-plastic pipes are used for wiring.
Important! Usage plastic pipes prevents rust and leakage. They are also more convenient to give the required form. Estimated service life polypropylene pipe- 50 years.
External pipes are laid in the ground.
Important! The depth of pipe laying depends on the level of soil freezing (indicated in SNiPs, for middle zone In Russia the depth is about 1.5 m.). The pipes are located below this value. In this case, the system is not in danger of freezing and, as a result, deformation.
Advice. To prevent water from stagnating in the pipe, it must be laid at an angle to the house.
Next, one end of the pipe is inserted into the house (for this, a hole is left in the foundation into which steel pipe. It will prevent deformation of the water supply pipe in case of shrinkage of the house). The second one is lowered into the well.
Element 3. Pump or pumping station for water supply
The pump can be installed in the house (basement or utility room)
Or it can be installed in a caisson or pit (directly above the well). The diagram shows the installation in a caisson submersible pump and superficial.
To get a caisson you need to dig a hole 2-3 m deep. Lay a sand-crushed stone cushion on the bottom and fill it with concrete. It is convenient to lay the walls with bricks. A pump is installed in the caisson, and the contour of the caisson is filled with concrete (layer about 0.4 m).
There are two types of pumps:
Submersible pumps. They plunge into water (well, borehole) and raise the water. For convenience, such pumps are equipped with automation, which allows you to pump water from your home.
Surface pumps. They are pumping stations equipped with a hydraulic accumulator and a relay.
The hydraulic accumulator performs the functions of a water tower.
Relay - regulates the pressure of the pumping station.
Operating principle of a surface pump
The principle of operation is as follows: the pump supplies water to the accumulator, which accumulates it. After the water is turned on in the house, the pressure in the system decreases. After reaching a critical level of 2.2 bar, the relay turns on, which in turn turns on the pump. The pump supplies water to the accumulator until the pressure is restored to 3 bar. After this, the relay turns off the pump.
You can select a pump based on the following data:
- depth of water (bottom of a well or borehole);
- height of water in the source shaft;
- height of the water point;
- volume of water consumed (m3).
The water intake pipe of the pump is lowered into the source. To avoid clogging of the pipe, filters are installed on its edge.
Important! The pipe is installed at a distance of 20-40 cm from the bottom (gravel cushion). The distance is determined by the height of the water at the source.
Advice. To prevent the pipe in a traditional well from moving, it must be secured to a special pin located at the bottom.
Element 4. Filters for the water supply system
Cleaning the water entering the pipe system is an important aspect of the water supply at home. Two types of filters are used for cleaning:
The first is installed on the edge of the pipe placed in the well. It purifies water from mechanical impurities;
The second is directly in the house and can be a complex multi-stage filter system. Water purification diagram in the figure.
Item 5. Fittings, valves and plumbing
These are the elements that are necessary for a hermetically sealed connection of pipes with each other and with other devices.
Important! To prevent system rupture and water leakage, try to use only high-quality shut-off valves.
Plumbing fixtures include: taps, cisterns, water seals (siphons). You shouldn't skimp on their quality either.
Element 6. Water heating equipment
Will be needed if there is a need for hot water supply, i.e. almost always.
Important! To arrange hot water supply, it is necessary to provide a separate outlet to the heating device.
In this case, there are several options for choosing heating equipment:
- double-circuit boiler. It will simultaneously heat water for heating and domestic needs;
- single-circuit boiler. Designed exclusively for heating water for user needs. A boiler is required for such a boiler. In this case, the boiler can be storage or flow-through. In the first case, it becomes possible to heat a large volume of water;
- electric storage water heater, allowing to satisfy the need for hot water a significant number of users;
- some instantaneous water heaters. They will heat water for each consumer individually. This system allows for more efficient use of electricity for heating water.
Element 7. Sewerage
Once the location for draining the used water has been determined, the process of arranging the water supply can be considered complete.
Water drainage is an essential component and the more water is consumed, the more it needs to be drained. This means we need to approach this stage responsibly. There are also two options here:
- crash into the central sewer;
- arrange your own autonomous sewerage. A septic tank or sedimentation tank is designed to collect water. Concrete and plastic septic tank shown in the photo. And their volume and quantity (total volume) depends on the amount of water consumed.
The video explains the rules for building a septic tank for a country house.
The water supply process from design to construction is shown in the video
Conclusion
As we see, there are different schemes water supply for a private home, from simple to complex, respectively, some will cost less, while others will cost more. Also, the cost of water supply is affected by the structural soundness, i.e. you will need a water supply device that operates periodically (temporarily) or year-round - in winter and summer. In any case, the implementation of each system is possible with your own hands, but requires knowledge and skills.
