Do you want to ensure your water supply? country house on your own? Agree that doing this work with your own hands is a completely feasible task if you know the nuances of constructing a water supply system.
We will help you understand the intricacies and basic rules - in this article we will talk about how to install a water supply system in a private house with your own hands. Where to start and how to carry out all the work correctly.
For a better understanding of the process, we have selected visual photos and plumbing diagrams. The article is also supplemented with useful video recommendations on the rules for installing water supply and tips on installing system input nodes in a country house.
Regardless of whether the water supply is installed in an existing building or installed during the construction of a new one, its design and installation must be approached very responsibly.
First of all, you need to decide on a source for water supply. You need to know that according to the standards, the water supply system must provide water to each person living in the house based on the calculation of 30-50 liters per day per person.
When arranging a bathroom and sewerage system, the calculated figure increases three times. For watering the garden and green spaces, a water consumption of at least 5 liters per square meter is assumed. meter.
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It turns out that the volumes of water consumption of a country house are quite large. Therefore, the choice of water source must be approached as responsibly as possible.
The owner can choose between decentralized and centralized water supply. In the first option, the source of water supply will be, etc. In the second there is a water supply network that supplies its settlement.
Collector diagram for water supply distribution
The main difference from parallel wiring is the presence of a special distribution unit - a collector, from which a separate pipeline is laid to each consumer. This makes it possible to supply water to all water points with the same pressure.
Depending on the length of the system, it may include several collectors. The main disadvantage of such a system is the high consumption of pipes.
Typical scheme The plumbing looks something like this. It starts either from the point of insertion into the centralized main line, or from the area where the system is connected to a well or other source of water supply.
In the latter case, a pump or pumping station must be installed here to supply water to the system. It also assumes the presence of a hydraulic accumulator and a shut-off valve, which is used in the event of a leak or scheduled repairs.
If necessary, divide the water flow, use a tee. It will generate two streams: one will be used for technical needs, such as watering the garden, swimming pool, shower, etc., and the second will be sent to the house.
The pipe that carries water into the house must be equipped with a filtration system to clean the liquid from all kinds of impurities.
At this stage, coarse filters will be quite sufficient.
The collector is a distribution node in which the total flow is divided into several branches
Next, you will need to install another tee on the pipe entering the house. This is done only if it is planned to organize hot water supply. The flow will be divided into cold water and water sent for heating.
The cold water supply pipe is connected to the corresponding collector, from which distribution is carried out further throughout the building. The hot pipeline is first connected to the water heater, then to the corresponding collector, and then in the same way as the first option.
When designing wiring, experts strongly recommend reducing the length of pipelines as much as possible and keeping the number of joints and bends to a minimum. After all, they are the potential causes of leaks.
In addition, it is highly undesirable to turn pipes at right angles. This significantly reduces the pressure in the main line.
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The water supply can be laid hidden or open method. The first is the most aesthetic. He assumes that the pipes will be laid in grooves laid inside the walls or covered with decorative boxes.
In this case, it is important that the material from which the parts are made is not susceptible to corrosion, since it will be extremely difficult to notice a leak in time. Open-mounted pipes are laid on top of the walls.
Stages of plumbing installation
At self-installation Experts recommend following several rules and adhering to a specific plan of action. Let's talk about this in more detail.
Stage #1. Preparing for work
First of all, it is better to start laying the pipeline from the water consumer, and not vice versa. It will be easier. First, using an adapter to a threaded type connection, we attach water pipe to the consumer.
It is advisable to install a shut-off ball valve between the adapter and the device. It will make it possible, if necessary, to quickly shut off the water supply or repair a broken device without any problems. The pipe is led from the water consumer to the collector.
Also, when doing wiring you need to follow a few simple rules:
- The pipes should be placed at a distance of about 20 mm from the wall, this will make them easier to repair.
- It is highly undesirable to lay pipes so that they pass through partitions or walls. If this is still necessary, the parts are placed in a special glass.
- Clips are used for fastening to walls. They must be present every one and a half to two meters and at all corner joints.
- If drain taps are to be installed, the pipe is laid with slight slope towards him.
- When performing a walkthrough internal corner the part is placed at a distance of 30-40 mm from the wall, when going around the outside - 15 mm.
Before connecting to the collector, it is strongly recommended to install shut-off valves on the pipe going to the consumer. This will allow you to quickly disconnect the branch from the system in the event of an emergency, as well as repair it without unnecessary problems.
Water pipes can be laid in a hidden way inside grooves made in the wall of the building. Hidden way gaskets are most often used to implement collector wiring
Stage #2. Pipe selection
The parts from which the plumbing system is assembled must be inert to chemical and temperature influences, durable, wear-resistant and as light as possible.
That is why, to arrange the system in country house Most often, polyethylene, polypropylene or polyvinyl chloride pipes are chosen. When choosing, you need to take into account the operating temperature of plastics; not all can interact with hot water.
Modern plastic parts are equipped with a large number of components, which allows you to assemble a structure of any degree of complexity
Alternatively you can use . There are many arguments in favor of assembling a water supply system from plastic elements. First of all, the design is lightweight, but at the same time durable.
Installation of the system is so simple that even a beginner can handle it. Soldering is used to fasten parts together, resulting in very strong, almost monolithic joints.
Another plus is the ability to bend elements, which can significantly reduce the number of dangerous areas in an emergency sense. Where it is necessary to connect metal and plastic elements, special combined type fittings with special metal inserts are used.
Plastic parts have high torsional rigidity. This is very important for cases where the pump develops high torque.
If necessary, the plastic pipeline can be modernized, which is also important. In addition to plastic and metal-plastic, you can use traditional options. These include parts or.
The main disadvantage of the first option is the susceptibility to corrosion. Copper pipes have many advantages, but their cost is very high.
An important point is the choice of the diameter of the parts. It is carried out based on the length of a specific pipeline section.
For lines longer than 30 m, parts with a diameter of 32 mm are selected; pipelines shorter than 10 m are assembled from elements with a cross-section of 20 mm. Medium-length lines are mounted from pipes with a diameter of 25 mm.
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Stage #3. Connecting the pumping station
Another important issue that must be considered when installing water supply in a country house is.
It was already mentioned above that to provide the building with a sufficient amount of water, a pumping station or pressure tank. Using the second option is quite troublesome. As practice shows, most homeowners choose a pumping station.
The device pumps water from a well, or less often from a well. This equipment is sensitive to low temperatures, so it is placed in ground floor, basement or heated technical room.
True, in this case, the noise from the operating pump may disturb residents. In some cases, the equipment is placed in a specially equipped caisson that covers.
A pumping station is a set of equipment that ensures complete pumping of water from a well or a well.
Work on connecting the pumping station is generally carried out as follows. A pipe is connected from the source to the equipment, onto which a brass fitting equipped with an adapter with a diameter of 32 mm is put on.
A tee equipped with a drain valve is connected to it. This will make it possible to turn off the water supply if necessary. Connects to the tee check valve. The device will not allow water to return to the well.
It may be necessary to turn the line to direct the pipe to the pumping station. If this is the case, a special corner is used. All subsequent elements are connected using the so-called “American”.
First, a shut-off ball valve is connected, turning off the water supply if necessary. Then a coarse filter is installed, which will protect the device from impurities.
The pumping station can be installed in an insulated caisson above the well head, or can be installed in a house, in any heated room
After this, the pumping station is connected. There is a nuance here. The equipment involves the installation of a damper tank and. If the pump is located in the well and all other equipment is located in the house, then the pressure switch is installed on top of the pipe.
A damper tank is mounted below. After this, the dry running sensor is connected. It will not allow the pump to work without water and will protect it from damage.
The last connection element is an adapter for a pipe with a diameter of 25 mm. After all the parts have been installed, it is recommended to check the quality of the work performed. To do this, start the pump and let it run for a while.
If the equipment pumps water properly, then everything is fine and work can continue. If not, you need to find the cause and eliminate it.
Stage #4. Installing a hydraulic accumulator
Stage #5. Installation of water purification equipment
Water treatment also does not apply mandatory elements water supply However, practice shows that most homeowners install such equipment. It is especially necessary for those who use a borehole or well as a source of water.
The quality of such water is usually far from ideal. The liquid coming from the well is in most cases contaminated with mechanical impurities.
Therefore, at a minimum, it is worth installing coarse filters. To fully protect the water supply system and the household appliances connected to it, you must accurately determine the nature of the impurities and chemical composition water coming from a well.
To do this, the samples are taken to the laboratory and obtained, which will show which filters are needed for this system.
Water treatment equipment is installed after the hydraulic accumulator. It is a set of filters selected based on the results of an analysis of the water entering the house.
Combination devices can be installed here, which include several filters at once.
However, there is no point in installing fine filters and reverse osmosis here. Such equipment is installed only in the kitchen for cleaning small quantity water that will be used for drinking and cooking.
Plumbing in a private building, be it a summer house or a full-fledged residential building, is necessary. Moreover, you can design and assemble the system yourself. At the same time, it is important to listen to the advice of specialists and not to deviate from the instructions.
If it seems too complicated, you can trust the work construction company. Professionals will do everything quickly and efficiently necessary work, and the owner will only have to accept the finished structure into operation.
If your experience in arranging home plumbing differs from the installation rules outlined here, please leave your comments under the article.
The cost of running water in a cottage will depend on whether you choose an autonomous or centralized water supply system. The water supply in the cottage can be supplied from a centralized system. Sometimes communications are already connected to the house. But their use is not always convenient. Water pressure may be unstable. In addition, the water quality in cottage villages sometimes leaves much to be desired. Therefore, most often, autonomous water supply is chosen for cottages. They drill an artesian well for it, equip it, connect a pump, and more. necessary equipment. This requires additional costs. But by equipping your own well and taking water from it, you will get serious savings on payments utilities. You can install water purification systems. This will allow you to be confident that the water will be safe.
Stages of arranging a water supply system
The first stage of arranging a water supply system in a cottage is to connect the house to centralized system or in creating a water supply system for the house. Further work is in many ways similar to the work that is carried out when installing water supply in an apartment. The work consists of the following stages:
Installation of risers;
Carrying out plumbing installations;
Installation of a heating system (if it is assumed that the cottage will be heated using water);
Connecting plumbing fixtures and devices that require connection to a water supply.
Most often they choose for cottages hidden wiring. It is installed in the ceilings, and as a bonus you get a warm floor. However, if the installation of water supply takes place in an already built house, preference may be given to open wiring. After all, the price for plumbing in a cottage will depend on the complexity of the work. And execute hidden installation in an already constructed building it is more difficult than doing this during the construction phase.
Selection of materials
For both hidden and open systems The most common choice for wiring is plastic pipes. They are not afraid of temperature changes. Therefore, if the cottage is uninhabited in winter, and accordingly, there will be no heating in it, the plastic pipes will not burst. But steel pipes can let their owners down. The same cannot be said about copper pipes. But if the house will be empty in winter, it is not practical to install copper pipes. The price of such pipes is quite high. At the same time, copper is a non-ferrous metal that is accepted for scrap. Therefore, leaving the house with copper pipes, you can return to your cottage in the summer and not find running water or heating system. Plastic pipes they are unlikely to attract thieves.
The choice of fittings and fittings will depend entirely on the choice of pipe material. Only certain fittings are suitable for each material.
Plumbing fixtures and heating radiators (if it is assumed that the house will be used in winter and heated with water) are chosen at your own discretion. If the cottage will not be used constantly, and the owners will visit the cottage only on weekends, or use it as a summer residence, then choose budget options. If the house is permanent and people will live in it permanently, regardless of the day of the week or time of year, then there is no point in saving.
Installation of a water supply system in a cottage
They try to install the water supply system in the cottage during the construction stage. First, water is brought into the house, then risers are connected. After covering them, the pipes are laid out. When doing the wiring, take into account that the water pipes should be located below electrical wires. Pipes supplying cold water are placed at the bottom. Above them are pipes supplying hot water and gas pipelines. In autonomous systems, water supply is carried out by gravity. Therefore, it is worth taking care of the shut-off valves for each specific device. Otherwise, if the faucet leaks or the toilet is replaced, you will have to turn off the water for the entire cottage.
When creating an autonomous water supply system, compact pumping stations. Depending on the water needs, the pump power is selected. It should be taken into account that the power must be sufficient for the simultaneous operation of several devices. If large amounts of water are not planned (for example, for watering a huge plot, for water supply to a swimming pool, etc.), then choose a pump with a capacity of three to eight m2/h. If a lot of water will be consumed, then choose a more powerful pumping station.
Also when autonomous system water supply must install filters. When choosing a filter, you also need to take into account its throughput. The filter capacity must be equal to or higher than the maximum water supply power of the pump. Otherwise, the cleaning system may not cope. Since water is supplied from an artesian well, it is important to install coarse filters, and more thin systems. The water purification system in cottages with autonomous water supply most often has several stages.
If you need to provide your cottage with running water, feel free to contact the “Problem-in-the-House.NET” company. The company's specialists can handle both the creation of an autonomous water supply system and the connection to a centralized water supply system. You can check the prices for water supply in the cottage by phone
One of the conditions for comfortable country life is a reliable water supply in the cottage. Since central water supply outside the city is a rather rare occurrence, the owner of the site has to decide on his own the issue of establishing an autonomous water supply system. Water supply to a private home from a well is one of the most convenient ways to ensure everyday comfort.
To set up a water supply system from a well, you can use both sand and artesian sources. With the help of a sand well it is easy to solve the issue of water supply in the area. summer cottage, at which the water consumption on average does not exceed 1.5 cubic meters/hour. This volume is enough for a small house.
The main advantages of a sand well are the speed of construction, low cost of construction and the possibility of construction without the use of special large-sized construction equipment
But for country cottage where they live all year round, a sand well is far from the best choice. The depth of aquifers when constructing such wells does not exceed 50 meters, which is not a guarantee of water purity. Although the water in a sand well is cleaner than a well, it can contain all kinds of impurities and aggressive compounds. The reason for this is the close location of the sandy aquifer relative to surface waters. The well's productivity is relatively small (about 500 liters on average), and its service life is short - about 10 years.
Most best option- an artesian well, which is installed at a depth of 100 meters or more. The main advantage of such a well is an unlimited supply of water. High Quality. Such a well is capable of producing up to 10 cubic meters per hour. This is enough to provide water large plot with the house. And the service life of such a source, even with active use, can exceed more than half a century.
Water located at a significant depth is filtered and purified naturally. Thanks to this, it does not contain impurities and pathogenic bacteria harmful to the human body.
If a sand well can be drilled and equipped with your own hands, then when installing an artesian well it is necessary to involve specialists. Although the cost of drilling an artesian well is quite high, it is not worth saving on it. This stage of work must be entrusted to professional drillers who, depending on the composition of the rocks underlying the site, will determine the aquifer and equip the well according to all the rules of drilling technology. Thanks to a professional approach when constructing a well, you will save yourself from a number of problems with the system during operation.
Equipment for arranging a water supply system
The technology for arranging water supply from a well with your own hands depends on the depth of the source and its characteristics.
An autonomous water supply scheme can be developed using the services of specialists, or you can take a suitable ready-made option from the network
One of the key elements in arranging the water supply system on the site is the water supply system, which will ensure uninterrupted rise and supply of water to the house from the well. To set up an autonomous well, it is enough to install a unit with a diameter of 3 or 4″, equipped with additional protection against “dry running”. This will prevent overheating and damage to the pump if the minimum water level in the source is reached.
The technology of water supply from a well also involves the installation of a plastic or metal tank - a caisson, which is placed so as to have easy access to it, but at the same time prevent dirt or water from entering from the well. external environment. It is necessary for the well and its further monitoring during operation.
When installing a water supply from a well to a house, pipes with a diameter of 25-32 mm made of metal-plastic are most often used - polymer material, which bends easily and is highly resistant to corrosion.
Water pipes are laid from the source to the house, buried below the freezing level of the soil (at least 30-50 cm)
Options for autonomous water supply from a well
Having a shallow well on the site, if the water level in the source allows, install or hand pump. The essence automated system is that under the influence submersible pump water is pumped into a hydropneumatic tank, the capacity of which can vary from 100 to 500 liters.
When working with a shallow sand well, the best option is to install an automated water supply system that will ensure uninterrupted water supply to the house
The water storage tank itself is separated by a rubber membrane and a relay, thanks to which the water pressure in the tank is regulated. When the tank is full, the pump is turned off; if water is consumed, a signal is received to turn on the pump and pump out water. This means that the pump can operate both directly, supplying water to the system, and after reducing the pressure in the system to a certain level, in order to replenish the “reserves” of water in the hydropneumatic tank. The receiver itself (hydraulic tank) is placed in any convenient place in the house, most often in the utility room.
A trench is laid from the caisson to the place where the pipe enters the house, at the bottom of which a water pipe is laid and electrical cable to power the pump. If possible, it is better to purchase an electric heating cable, which, in addition to direct use, will protect the water pipe from freezing.
Method #2 - with installation of a deep-well pump
With this method of water supply deep well pump pumps water from the well into a storage tank, which is placed on an elevated point in the house.
Most often, the place for arrangement storage tank located in one of the rooms on the second floor of the house, or in the attic. When placing the container in the attic, to prevent water from freezing during the winter months, the walls of the tank must be insulated
By placing the tank on a hill, the effect of a water tower is created, in which, due to the height difference between the hydraulic tank and the connection points, pressure arises when 1 m of water column is equal to 0.1 atmosphere. The tank can be made from of stainless steel or food grade plastic. Capacity volume – from 500 to 1500 liters. The larger the volume of the tank, the greater the supply of water: in the event of a power outage, it will flow by gravity to the tap.
Installing a limit float switch will allow the pump to automatically turn on when the water level in the tank drops.
Deep pumps are used in cases where the distance to the water level in the well exceeds 9 meters or more
When choosing a pump, you should take into account the productivity of the well. Despite the fact that the power of the unit will only affect the speed of filling the water storage tank, when choosing a unit it is better to start from the mark of the maximum water flow into the house.
The deep pump, along with the electric cable and pipe, is lowered into the well, suspended on a galvanized cable using a winch, which is installed inside the caisson. To maintain I required pressure in the system and to prevent water from being pumped back into the well, a check valve is placed above the pump.
After installing all elements of the system, all that remains is to check the internal wiring to the connection points and connect the equipment to the control panel.
the total cost automatic system water supply is about 3000-5000 dollars. It depends on the depth of the source, the type of pump and the number of water intake points inside the house. From 30% to 50% of this amount goes to the engineering arrangement of the system, the rest of the costs goes to elements that determine the level of living comfort.
Borehole pump and its piping for a domestic well:
Do-it-yourself water supply in a private house can be done from a central water supply or from a well (well). The principles of its creation, the main components of the system in each of these cases are virtually the same.
Selecting a wiring diagram
There are two ways to supply water to points of consumption, and the choice of a water supply layout in a private house with your own hands depends on the parameters of the system, as well as on the intensity of water consumption (permanent or periodic residence, number of residents, etc.).
Serial connection
This connection is also called tee. The tap, shower and other points are connected in series. This method requires the use of fewer materials (pipes, fittings, etc.), and is therefore cheaper.
Disadvantage serial connection When laying out a water supply system, there is a possibility of a decrease in pressure pressure at the most remote points when several water intake points are used at the same time.
Collector connection
Collector (or parallel) connection is the organization of a collector (or two collectors - hot and cold water supply), to which lines leading to each water intake point are connected. To implement such a scheme, you will need large quantity pipes, but its operating principle allows for stable pressure.
There are additional nuances when choosing the principle of water supply. Do-it-yourself installation of water supply in a private house can be done in two ways:
- "Blind" lines ending in a dead end (stub). This scheme for distributing water supply in the house is more economical, however, when supplying hot water it can create some inconvenience - when opening the tap, you must wait a certain time until the liquid reaches the plug, and only after that hot water appears in the tap.
- Circulation closed lines more practical and convenient, however, to implement such a project you will need not only a larger number of pipes, but also a special circulation pump.
Experts recognize the most rational combined option, in which “blind” wiring cold water Combined with hot water circulation line.
Main components of the circuit
The water distribution diagram in a private house, or more precisely, the part of it that is responsible for supplying water to the house, consists of the following main components:
- pumping unit for a well or borehole,
- nipple (adapter),
- preventing reverse,
- pipeline,
- filter equipment (one or more different filters depending on water quality),
- shut-off valves,
- five-piece (fitting) for connecting the main elements and instruments (pressure gauge, pipes).
Sequence of water supply scheme
In order to visualize how to install water in a private house with your own hands, you can consider the flow of communications from the source to the end point.
1. An individual water unit (well or borehole) is equipped with pumping equipment, the selection of which is carried out according to the following principles:
- for deep artesian wells only submersible pumps can be used,
- for narrow channels and casing pipes - only surface units, including pumping stations,
- in other cases, the choice between submersible and external equipment is made depending on technical characteristics specific models and operating conditions.
2. The pipeline supplying water to the house is usually laid underground. The depth of the trench is usually selected taking into account the depth of soil freezing in a given region. As additional protection Communications are provided with a heat-insulating layer to protect against freezing.
Plumbing a house from 3. The point at which the pipeline enters the house deserves special attention.
- Firstly, the hole for the pipe is made with a large margin - a gap of at least 150 mm on all sides. This allows you to avoid deformation and destruction of communications if over time the wall begins to sag or deform.
- Secondly, a small section of pipe located between underground and ground-protected communications and internal wiring in a warm room is located on outdoors. This is where the risk of pipeline freezing is highest, so good thermal insulation is required.
4. The hydraulic accumulator and control devices are installed, as a rule, in the basement, basement or on the first floor near the point of entry of the pipeline into the house. From a purely technical point of view, it would be more correct to place such equipment in the most high point, however, from the point of view of practicality and ease of use, the lower levels are more suitable. You just need to take into account the need to raise the water to upper floors at .
The hydraulic accumulator is designed to stabilize pressure in communications and prevent frequent switching on (and, accordingly, rapid wear) of pumping equipment.
The control and monitoring unit includes a pressure gauge, pressure switch and which prevents air entrapment and formation air jams in the system when the water level in a well or well decreases.
5. Filter systems are equipped, depending on the need, with devices for:
- preliminary rough removal of large particles of impurities (more about),
- fine cleaning,
- water softening.
Afterwards, you install the water supply system in a private house with your own hands according to the chosen scheme. For a collector circuit it might look like this:
- Immediately behind the accumulator there is a tee along with a shut-off valve. The tee divides the flow of water into two directions - into the house and for other needs (watering, car washing, etc.);
- A deep cleaning filter is connected;
- Next comes a tee, from which the water supply pipes in a private house are divided into a pipe for cold water, which immediately goes to the cold water collector, and into a pipe through which the water will go to a boiler or another for heating. After heating, the water is sent to the hot water manifold.
The photo shows a diagram of water distribution in a private house Important: When installing water supply in a private house with your own hands using a collector circuit, it is necessary to install shut-off valves at each point of water consumption.
Pipe selection
Diameter of communications
When installing water pipes in a private house choosing the right one with your own hands will ensure efficiency at the installation stage of the system, as well as avoid unpleasant noise when water moves through communications.
To calculate the parameters of lines supplying water to points of consumption, the starting point is total length of each line:
- for a branch less than 10 meters long, pipes with a diameter of 16-20 mm can be used,
- for branches of about 30 meters - with a diameter of 25 mm,
- For the longest lines over 30 meters, pipes with a maximum diameter of 32 mm are required.
Important: Special attention Care should be taken to select the diameter of the collector pipe. An insufficient value can cause problems in the system.
The distribution of water in a private house from the collector is calculated based on the fact that each tap has a throughput capacity of about 5 liters per minute. After this, roughly calculate how much water is taken simultaneously from all points at peak moments and select the diameter of the collector:
- 25 mm for a flow rate of 30 l/min,
- 32 mm for 50 l,
- 38 mm for 75 l.
Pipe material
Laying a water supply system in a private house allows you to use pipes from various materials, each of which has its own advantages, disadvantages and operating features.
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In order for the system to work flawlessly, it is important to know how to install plumbing in a private house with your own hands correctly. This concept can include both the basic principles regulated building codes and rules, as well as some nuances and subtleties known to experienced craftsmen.
- Ideally, the pipeline should not pass through building structures, however, in practice, creating such a circuit is often impossible or impractical. If it is necessary to conduct communications through the wall, the pipe must be placed in a protective cup.
- Despite the fact that the owner of the house almost always wants to get maximum free space and to do this, “press” the pipeline from the wall, between building structures and the communications running parallel to them must have a gap of at least 25 mm for easy installation repair work. The inner corner requires a distance of 40 mm, and the outer corner 15 mm.
- If there are drain valves on the pipelines or hydraulic accumulator, a slight slope is made in their direction.
- Most convenient way fixing the pipeline to the walls - these are special clips. You can choose single or double devices; in any case, the distance between them should be about 2 meters.
When deciding how to install water in a private home, remember that a properly executed internal system water supply has characteristic differences:
- Minimum joints and adapters. This improves the reliability and efficiency of the system.
- All connections are made in strict accordance with the installation technology of this particular type of pipe.
- Availability of valves or shut-off valves in critical areas of the system and at connection points.
- A minimum number of not very reliable flexible connection sections (hose connections), which are most vulnerable to pressure changes.
