Any building needs high-quality removal of precipitation. The roof itself is airtight, and storm water and snow escape thanks to the slopes. But if flowing moisture gets onto the façade or foundation of the building, they will become damp and wear out faster. Therefore, every building needs a drain. This is a protective structure consisting of a system of gutters located around the perimeter of the roof and drain pipes.
Why do you need a drain?
An external drain is a set of open gutters that collect moisture from the roof and direct it into vertical outlet pipes. The places where the structure ends are equipped with water collection tanks or storm drains.
The gutter protects the house from the destructive effects of moisture
Gutter functions
The drain performs the following functions:
- Protective. Consists of abduction Wastewater from the walls and basement of the house.
- Decorative. A beautiful homemade drain will decorate your home or gazebo.
- Cumulative. With the help of such a system, storm water can be used to fill a special tank for irrigation.
Industrial drains are made from special plastic or galvanized steel and their cost is quite high. And if you add plugs, funnels, corners and elbows, the price will double. U finished parts There is an advantage - they are easy to assemble, like a construction set. To save money, craftsmen found an alternative and began to make their own drainage systems from improvised materials, for example, from plastic sewer pipes. Therefore, if you already have a house or cottage, but there is no drain there, then you can risk making it yourself.
A homemade drain can last for many years
If you approach the matter wisely and choose the right material, then a homemade drain can be used as the main one.
Types of drains
There are such types of drainage:
- External or external. This type is suitable for self-installation.
- Internal, which is included in the project. Most often, this type is installed on flat roofs; pipes made of any material are suitable for it.
Materials for homemade gutters
Previously, only metal was used to assemble drip systems. More often - galvanized or polymer-coated steel, less often - copper or aluminum. Now the range suitable materials increased significantly:
- Gutters made of galvanized steel. They are durable, reliable, resistant to loads and temperature changes. Their disadvantage is noise and susceptibility to corrosion.
Galvanized steel is one of the most popular materials for gutters
- PVC drip systems. They are lightweight and low noise, easy to assemble and withstand temperature changes well.
PVC drain - reliable and silent
- Drainage systems from sewer pipes. Thanks to convenient installation and a wide variety of adapters, such pipes have become an excellent replacement for industrial PVC drains.
Sewer pipes are an excellent material for drainage
- Ceramic pipes and gutters. They will require special clay and pottery skills.
Ceramic pipes are very durable
- Low tides from plastic bottles. Quick to install, but suitable as a temporary alternative.
Bottle plastic is the most available material to create drainage
- Wooden gutters. They are made by hand and last a long time only with special treatment.
Wooden gutters are very decorative
- Copper drains. Suitable for long-term use, but over time they become covered with patina.
Copper gutters look noble and prestigious
To make a standard drainage system yourself, plastic sewer pipes are often used. They have a number of undoubted advantages:
- affordable price;
- a wide range of pipes and adapters, as well as all kinds of fastening mechanisms;
- light weight, which facilitates transportation and installation;
- possibility of self-cutting;
- durability.
Since such pipes exist different colors, you need to figure out which of them are recommended to be used for arranging a drainage system:
How to make a drain with your own hands
Before purchasing pipes, a diagram of the entire system is drawn up, including all parts of the structure and their quantity:
The cross-section of the pipes is selected based on the area of the roof slope. You can use the following scale:
- slope area up to 50 sq. m - pipe diameter 8 cm;
- up to 125 sq. m - 9 cm;
- more than 125 sq. m - 10 cm.
The remaining elements are purchased based on the diameter of the pipes from which the gutters are made.
As already noted, before purchasing materials and installing a drain, you need to draw detailed diagram, which should indicate:
- roof perimeter;
- length and number of gutters;
- mounting points for brackets, joints and funnels;
- location of drains.
Based on the perimeter of the roof, the pipe footage for future gutters is determined. Since it is sawn in half and two pieces are made from one piece, the required length of the pipes will be equal to half the perimeter of the roof. Next, the number of drainage risers is calculated. To do this, a plan is drawn on which all elements are marked. The distance between them cannot exceed 5 m. After determining the number of gutters, their length is calculated, for which the distance from the eaves overhang to the ground is measured. This will be the estimated height of the drainage riser. This figure is multiplied by the number of parts and the required pipe length is obtained. Next in the project are the tees connecting the gutters and risers. If the risers deviate at an angle, ready-made adapters are purchased. A special universal joint sealant is also required.
Tools for work
To work you need:
- wood screws;
- screwdriver;
- grinder, jigsaw;
- hacksaw for metal;
- screwdriver;
- construction cord;
- level and tape measure;
You will also need scaffolding.
Construction of a drainage system
After acquiring the materials, you can begin to manufacture and assemble the drainage structure.
Creating gutters
To make a gutter from the pipe, it should be sawed in half. This can be done with a grinder, choosing a diamond-coated disk with segments. Then the plastic will not melt when cut. Can also be used electric jigsaw. For convenience, you need to construct something like a guide and secure it to the workpiece so that the cut is even. It can be made with a simple hacksaw. The guide can be a ruler attached to the workpiece with tape, or a thread stretched over self-tapping screws screwed into the pipe at both ends. The sections of pipe entering the tee are not sawn. This guarantees reliable connections.
One plastic pipe produces two drainage gutters
Manufacturing and installation of brackets
Brackets are used to secure the gutters. You can buy them or make them yourself from strips sheet metal, bending it to fit the gutter. The bracket is the basic component of an exterior drain that supports the gutter. With the help of hook-shaped holders, the configuration of the water intake circuit is formed.
The brackets can be made independently from a strip of steel with a thickness of at least 2 mm, because they must be reliable. You can purchase ready-made strips for electrical work. Their cross-section is initially suitable; all that remains is to cut the workpieces to length.
Workpiece size:
To ensure that all brackets are the same, you can use a device for bending steel strips or steel pipe the right size as a template. It is also recommended to hammer nails on a thick board in the required sequence and bend the holder using a piece of pipe as a lever.
After giving the shape, holes are drilled in the brackets - two for attaching to the cornice, the next two for attaching the gutter. Finally, the holders are painted with anti-rust paint - it is more durable. The brackets are attached in several ways:
The brackets are mounted taking into account the following principles:
Having chosen the method of fixing the brackets, you can get to work:
- The two outer brackets are attached first, between which the required slope is maintained.
The two outer brackets are attached first
- A cord is stretched between the fixed brackets, and places for attaching all other elements are marked along this straight line.
- The brackets are screwed to the base in increments of 550–600 mm.
A distance of 5–6 cm is maintained between the brackets
- The next thing to install are plastic adapters or funnels for the future drain. One funnel is capable of collecting water from 120 m of roofing.
The hole for installing the funnel is cut using a hacksaw
- Gutters are installed. They gather both on the ground and under the roof. The main thing is to connect the joints correctly. They are attached with glue or joined using special aluminum clips. In case of joining, it is necessary to use a sealant. The mounting height of the brackets depends on the region. If there is little snow in winter, then you can fix it wherever it is convenient. Otherwise, the gutter is lowered so that snow falling from the roof does not take the gutter with it.
Gutters are joined with clips or placed with glue
- When the gutters are assembled and lie on the brackets, adapter pipes from solid pieces of pipe are inserted into tees or drain funnels. Before this, they are treated with sealant. A plug must be installed at the upper end of the drain system.
The plug is installed on the rubber seal
Video: installing curtain rod brackets
Installation of external drainage risers
Assembling downspouts looks the same as joining gutters. If the pipe is lengthened, then an adapter is placed on the sealant between the sections. The process requires compliance with a number of rules:
- the drainpipe should extend 10 cm from the wall;
- for fastening to walls you need to use clamps;
- the pipe should be installed from top to bottom;
- Insert the upper section into the funnel and secure with sealant.
If necessary, the riser pipe can be connected to an adapter for storm sewer. It is recommended to replace it with an elbow, under which a container is placed for draining water.
The installation of the drainpipe must be carried out in accordance with the rules
It is recommended to additionally protect the finished drain from litter by installing a rolled-up product in the gutters. construction mesh. The diameter of the rolled roll should be slightly smaller than the diameter of the pipe from which the gutters are made. The protection is fixed with plastic clamps.
The drain can be protected with a mesh made of different materials.
Video: drainage from sewer pipes
Homemade galvanized steel drain
Creating a drainage system made of galvanized steel requires certain knowledge and skill. Typically, roofing sheet steel 0.5–0.7 mm is used. It should not be less than 270 g per square meter. m.
Tools
You need to prepare:
- metal scissors;
- felt-tip pen for marking;
- hammer and mallet;
- pliers.
Making a pipe from tin
Pipes are a simple element of the drainage system and are very easy to make at home. Galvanized steel sheets or thin tin are suitable for work. The manufacturing method of these materials is the same.
It is easy to make a steel pipe yourself
Step-by-step instruction
The work is performed in the following sequence:
- Calculation of the quantity of materials and their purchase.
The weight of the steel sheet must be at least 270 g per square meter. m
- A sheet of metal laid on a flat surface is cut to the size of the gutters and pipes of the future drain. The width of the pipe blank should have a margin of one and a half centimeters for connecting the edges. A rebate line is also applied - on one side at a distance of 0.5 cm, and on the other - 1 cm. Before shaping, the workpiece can be painted to extend its service life.
To make your drainpipe last longer, you can paint it.
- Using pliers, the pattern is bent on the smaller side at an angle, and on the larger side - like the letter G.
- The metal is leveled with a mallet at a right angle. The sides of the workpiece are connected, and the smaller part should fit into the larger one.
- The workpiece can be shaped into a cylindrical or semi-cylindrical shape manually using a template. On a pipe or log required diameter a sheet of metal is laid and tapped with a mallet.
You can shape the drainage pipe yourself
Installation of a steel drain
Design principles drainage system made of galvanized metal are similar to the installation of drainage from plastic pipes.
- But there are also differences:
- Once the starting point is determined, the gutter brackets are installed.
- Metal gutters are laid with an overlap of 7–10 cm in length. The overlap is designed to compensate for the expansion of the metal in the summer.
- Funnels are installed, which should be located between the brackets. The holes for the funnels are cut with metal scissors.
- The funnels are connected to the pipe at a sufficient distance from the wall.
- The pipes are fixed with clamps.
- The ebb is attached to the bottom of the pipe.
An anti-icing system is installed.
Video: constructing a metal drain
Drainage from plastic bottles The cheapest and easiest option is to create a drain from plastic containers . Accumulate required quantity
This type of material will be simple, but the design will require 1.5-liter straight bottles. In addition to them, you will need wire and brackets.
A drain made of bottle plastic is assembled very quickly and is cheap
Tools and materials for work
- It is worth preparing:
- furniture stapler and staples 10–12 mm;
- construction knife;
- drill or screwdriver;
- thin drill;
- wire;
- awl;
plastic container.
- Step-by-step instructions for making castings from plastic bottles
- The first step is to calculate the length of the future drain. For convenience, you can draw a sketch. The functional part of the bottle will be 15–20 cm. This plastic is not suitable for long (more than 5 m) structures.
- Bottles are cleaned of stickers and labels.
Then the bottom and neck of the plastic container are cut off at the point where the top tapers off. For the gutter, the resulting cylinder is sawn in half.
- A plastic bottle needs to be prepared to make a drainage system out of it.
The gutter is assembled from plastic rectangles using a stapler. The plastic is overlapped (1.5 cm) and secured with two or three staples. The bottoms are used as plugs for rotary structures.
- The resulting light gutter is attached to the roof. To do this, holes are drilled in slate or other roofing material at a distance of 20–30 cm. Similar holes in the gutter are made with a screwdriver or an ordinary awl. Next, a wire is passed through the holes, which attaches the drain to the roof.
- Drainage can also be easily constructed from bottles. We cut off the neck of one, and from the rest we make the already familiar cylinders. A bottle with a cut off neck will serve as an adapter - you will need to make a hole in it for the edge of the gutter.
The finished structure made from plastic bottles will last about a year
The finished design will last at least a year, but then you will have to take care of creating a more advanced system.
Video: gutter made of plastic bottles
It's obvious that self-creation drainage system is available to anyone who wants to equip their home with an economical and practical design.
One of the most important functions of the roof is to protect the attic and attic from precipitation. But, flowing along the roof slopes, the water inevitably transfers to the walls and foundation. The result of this is the rapid destruction of the load-bearing elements of the building structure. This action can be avoided by installing roof drainage systems.
System classification
There are two criteria for classifying a drainage system. They directly determine the installation technology. Depending on the manufacturing method, drainage systems can be industrial or homemade. In the latter case we are talking about the object handicraft. What benefit can there be from this system? If a person has the appropriate abilities, a drain can be beautiful and unusual.
Arrangement homemade system does not involve significant costs. Among other things, the user can choose the scheme that suits him. Gutters are usually made of galvanized steel, so constant maintenance is required, and this is the disadvantage of the system. Among the disadvantages is the difficulty of joining individual elements.
Factory modifications meet all standards and necessary parameters. If necessary, you can dock various elements from supplies from the same manufacturer. Classification according to the material used assumes the presence of plastic and metal models.
Plastic system
There are adhesive and non-adhesive systems. In the first case, installation is carried out using glue . Plastic gutters have the following advantages:
The components are varied, so the drainage system can take on almost any configuration. This makes it indispensable for installation on broken roofs.
Disadvantages of gutters made of polyvinyl chloride:
- The material tends to collapse under the influence of mechanical stress. That is why this kind of system is not installed on high-rise buildings. The plastic system can only be installed on low-rise buildings.
- Unsuitable for repair. Destroyed components cannot be restored.
- Increased linear expansion coefficient.
- The need for periodic replacement of seals, which entails the assembly and disassembly of elements.
The installation is fixed with rubber seals.
Drainage system equipped with metal profile, has several varieties. There are galvanized and copper modifications. There is a galvanized version with a polymer coating. The key difference between them is the duration of operation and cost.
The positive qualities of metal gutters are strength and reliability, the ability to withstand significant snow loads and other impacts external environment. They do not support combustion. Worker temperature regime they vary from -60 to +130 degrees. Among the advantages is dimensional stability.
Metal gutters have the following disadvantages:
- difficulty in installation;
- small selection of colors;
- rust formation if the protective layer is damaged;
- significant weight of the system as a whole;
- a small number of components, due to which installation can only be carried out on roofs with an angle of 90 degrees.
It is difficult to answer which system is more efficient, plastic or metal. It all depends on operating conditions and other factors. Whatever it was, the choice of system should be based on quality, not price.
System installation
The technology for installing drains includes selecting a system, purchasing materials and carrying out appropriate calculations. Depending on bandwidth systems, there are several drainage options. Let's say they can be designated in the form of numbers 100/75, 125/90, 150/110, which indicates the ratio of the diameter of the pipe and the gutter.
Each manufacturer has its own indicators. The configuration is also different. This is why you should not connect systems produced by different companies. A variety of systems is necessary so that each person can choose the modification that suits his needs.
Selection of drainage
For correct selection water drainage systems must be familiarized with maximum level precipitation in a particular region. After this, you need to calculate the area of the slope. This should be done not for all elements, but for the largest one. It is this size that will determine the choice of gutter.
If the building has flat roof or a roof with a slope of less than 10 degrees, the effective surface area will be E1 = A * C. The result will be square meters. After choosing a system, you need to determine its type and calculate the amount of materials. For this purpose, prepare drawings or diagrams of planes with dimensions. Thanks to them it will be possible to carry out calculations, and then installation of the drainage system.
Calculation of the drainage system
The important feature here is the gutter. It can be rectangular or semicircular. The purpose is to collect precipitation from the roof. Its length is from 3 to 4 m. It is fixed with brackets, which are fixed in increments of 60 to 90 cm. The drainage gutter must have a slope of at least 1 cm for every 3 m. The number in linear meters is equal to the perimeter of the base. In fact, this is the length of all surfaces on which the gutters of the drainage system will be installed. It is sold individually in 3 and 4 pieces. linear meters.
All obtained dimensions must be rounded to the whole length of the gutter. The smaller the connection, the simpler and installation is cheaper. The outer and inner angles of the gutter are 90 and 135 degrees, respectively. The corner gutter is designed to change the direction of water flow. It is mounted by means of fastening on internal and external corners roofs. A total of 4 external corners and 2 internal corners are required. They should all have 90 degree angles. If there are acute and obtuse angles, it is necessary to select a system in which these angles are absent.
You can make various angles from a plastic gutter by cutting out part of the product and connecting it under right angle halves. The parts must be connected using glue, that is, by cold welding.
Gutter components
There can be from 5 to 17 connecting elements. It all depends on the installation features of a particular system. In most systems, the corners are fastened directly. But there are some examples where a connector is used for this. If the installation is carried out with glue, compensation and conventional connectors must be used. The first type is installed when the roof length is more than 8 linear meters. It can be installed without the use of glue. A connector is required to accommodate the linear expansion of the crack during cooling and heating.
Fastening hooks
These components are short and long. The latter are necessary for hanging the gutter on the rafters and are secured before installing the roofing material. The first ones are short and are used to fix the gutter on front board . Accordingly, it is possible to install the components on a finished roof covered with roofing material. The fastening hook is installed at intervals of 60 cm. An obligatory step is the installation of funnels and plugs at the joints and near the corners.
Vertical drainage requires a drainpipe. They may be round or rectangular section. Designed for vertical liquid drainage. The bracket is necessary for attaching the pipe to the wall. According to the method of fixation, a distinction is made between the stone method, when the element is fixed on a concrete, stone or brick base, as well as installation using hardware. The third method involves fixing to wooden walls using self-tapping screws.
Depending on quantity funnels determine the number of pipes. If, say, there are 4 of them, then 4 places will also be required to install the pipes. In linear meters, their length corresponds to the total length of all walls along which installation is carried out. Pipes are sold in lengths of 3 and 4 linear meters. Rounding up is possible since joints on the pipe are undesirable. That is, if your house has a height of 3.5 m, then you need to buy a pipe 4 m long. Half a meter from here will be spent on waste and other needs. Pipe fasteners are installed every meter. Their installation near the knee is mandatory.
Plastic drainage system
To install a polyvinyl chloride system, it is necessary to install drainage funnels on the roof. There are storm, water intake and roofing systems. This is followed by the installation of brackets. The gutter fasteners, which are located as close as possible to the funnel, are installed at a distance of 2 cm from it. They serve as a holder. The angle of inclination relative to the funnel is 2 degrees or 4 mm per 1 m. It is very convenient to check the inclination with a nylon thread. If the wall has a length of 10 to 20 m, it makes sense to install the gutter in the following ways:
- Simple method. It is also called direct. The funnel is installed at the end of the slope.
- Double slope. It is drawn from the middle of one plane to the middle of another.
In the first case, the middle gutter is located at the highest point. Due to this, water moves to the funnels that are located at the corners of the building. In the second case, in the most high point there are two extreme gutters. For this reason, the water moves towards the funnel located in the middle between them. Sometimes the length of the gutter exceeds 22 m. Three funnels and a more powerful system are installed here.
At the next stage, they are mounted gutter connectors of regular and compensation type, if necessary. The connectors are installed between the brackets at the same distance from them.
- The gutter is placed on brackets that are adjacent to the funnel, taking into account the linear expansion of the plastic.
- It is necessary to drill holes for the funnel in right place. To do this, use a special drill attachment - a crown.
Some manufacturers mark the funnel so that installation can be simplified. That is, the temperature scale is indicated on the side. By comparing it with the temperature outside, the gutter can be installed at the desired level.
The funnel is an element that does not require glue during installation. If this is provided, a sealing rubber is placed at the point where it adjoins the gutter.
The next step is the installation of the gutter connection. When laying it, the connector must be smeared with glue or the joint must be sealed with an elastic band. No adhesive is required to install the expansion connector. To ensure that water flows in the correct direction, at the end drain pipe It’s better to arrange a so-called teardrop. The installation of corners and plugs for the gutter is carried out using a similar scheme.
Installation of the corner and plugs is carried out using glue and sealing rubber bands. Clamps and downpipes are secured in the next step. Holes for fastening the clamp are drilled at the design state. The installation of the pipe is preceded by installing the elbow or pipe into the funnel. The use of a rubber seal or glue is mandatory. But they are not required for downspouts.
The pipes are secured using a clamp installed in holes drilled in advance. After this, a plastic molding is installed. It must be installed so that water does not destroy the foundation of the house. You can make it conduct water into the channel drainage system or in the appropriate well.
With prolonged direct influence of precipitation on the walls or foundation of a house, they begin to collapse. Installing a drainage system will help avoid this. But the installation must be carried out in accordance with technological requirements, because otherwise the design will not be functional.
Organized drainage is mandatory for installation, since moisture has a negative effect on facade materials.
Types of drainage systems
There are several classification parameters: according to methods of organizing water flow and according to the material of manufacture.
By method of organization
Here the systems will be like this:
- Unorganized. In this case, water flows from the roof directly to the ground due to the slope of the roof. The disadvantage of this organization is that liquid gets on the walls and foundation, accelerating their destruction. It is not recommended to use it for residential buildings. It is more suitable for technical and utility structures with a pitched roof type.
- Organized internal. They are settling in multi-storey buildings. This system is considered preferable in harsh climates. Drainpipes are located inside the walls, so the risk of them freezing is reduced.
- Organized outdoors. They are structures made of gutters and pipes through which water is drained from the roof.
The shape of the system can be rectangular or round. You can make it yourself or purchase a factory-made version.
By material type
According to this parameter, the structure can be metal or made of plastic. Each has the following advantages and disadvantages:
| Material | Characteristics |
| Plastic | The system can be glued or glueless. It has the following advantages:
But plastic has the following disadvantages:
|
| Metal | Such products are durable, have stable dimensions, and can withstand temperatures ranging from -60...+130°C. The advantages of metal structures are:
But systems of this type are expensive and difficult to install. The color range is poor. When the protective layer is mechanically damaged, rust appears on the product. Metal structures contain a small number of elements, so their scope is limited. These systems are as follows:
|
The choice of design for drainage depends on the type of roof, the expected load, the roofing material used, and the number of storeys of the structure.
Installation of gutters when the roof is already covered
There are situations when it is necessary to attach a gutter after the roof of a country house or residential building is finished.
The reasons are:
- subsequent installation of the system is provided for by the project;
- the house was purchased unfinished, and the previous owner did not install the structure;
- The old system needs to be replaced.
An example of installing a drain on invisible brackets.
The following installation options are available:
- Through roofing material(metal tiles or other material are drilled through).
- To the front board. This option is used for plastic products, since they are lightweight and do not require additional fastening.
- Fixation “on crutches”. Screwed to the wall. These elements are made of wood or metal.
- Mounting on invisible brackets. They hold the gutter on top so they are not visible. Fixed on the sheathing or rafters.
- Directly onto the roofing material. Fastenings of this type can be installed on fragile corrugated coverings, but their cost is high. They are allowed to be used only if the amount of precipitation and the load on the system is small.
A gutter in a country house or in a residential building should not solve the problem of snow on the roof. There are other systems for this.
Do-it-yourself methods for fixing gutters
This process requires compliance with technological features.
Types of brackets for attaching gutters
To properly secure the structure with your own hands, you need to decide on the type and material of the fasteners, as well as the place and method of their installation.
The types of brackets are:
- Long. They are used for installation under the roof before it is laid. The hooks are screwed to the rafters before the sheathing is laid.
- Short. They are used if the gutters will be mounted on the frontal board or on the wall of the structure. Such brackets can be fixed both before and after laying the roofing material.
- Universal. This design can be disassembled. It is adjustable in length and can be mounted at any convenient time.
The correctness and strength of the drain fastening depends on the choice of brackets.
1 – short, 2 – long, 3 – universal bracket for hanging gutters of the drainage system.
To the rafters or sheathing
If the installation of brackets is carried out before laying corrugated sheets or other roofing material, then fixing the products on the last sheathing board or rafters is required. Here you will need hooks with long legs. They bend if necessary. For this purpose, you can use universal brackets.
If the roof is already present, then to fix the brackets you will have to remove its lower rows. To do this, you need to unscrew the fasteners and carefully remove the material. To avoid this process, you can use brackets with a mounting platform bent in a horizontal plane. They are attached to the rafters. But this option is possible if the wooden fragments have a cross-section of at least 180*50 mm.
If the roofing material is soft, then simply lifting its edge is enough. The gutters need to be fixed so that the covering hangs over it.
On the front board
Scheme for attaching the drainage brackets to the front board.
It is installed on the rafter legs (on their end sides). The width of the board varies, which determines the type of drainage system and fastening elements used.
This option requires long brackets (if the width of the board allows). You can also use special hooks, which consist of a guide profile and a holder bracket.
Directly to the edge of the roof covering
This method involves fastening the drain along the roof eaves. It is used if there is a rigid roofing material on the sheathing. Special clamps are used to secure the hooks.
Some types of fastenings require drilling holes in the roof. If the clamps are metal, then rubber pads must be placed under their legs. They will reduce the likelihood of roof damage. The brackets can be made of plastic or metal.
With extra long bracket
They will be required if the holders for attaching the gutters are short. The bracket has a T-rev. different shapes. Its long part is fixed to rafter leg(side part), and a holder is attached to the short mounting platform. With the help of such fasteners, the system can be installed even if the roof has already been laid. In this case, the risk of damage to the material is minimal.
Parameters of gutters and the angle of their installation
To install drainage gutters, a diagram is required that indicates the slope and parameters of the roof slope. If they are not taken into account, then during a heavy rainfall the liquid will overflow. An important parameter is the cross-section of drainage pipes. To do this, you need to find out how many such elements the system will contain on one roof slope.
If the length of the cornice does not exceed 12 m, then you will need 1 drain funnel and vertical pipe. In other cases, 2 pipes are required, which are located in the corners of the structure. If there is a short gutter, its slope is in one direction.
A pipe is installed in its lower part to drain water. If the length of the slope is more than 12 m, 2 gutters are required. They slope from the center to the corners. Its height is 3-5 mm per meter.
Other elements of the drainage system
Design details are selected individually, depending on its complexity and material of manufacture.
Elements of the drainage system used during installation.
The standard system includes the following elements:
- Clamps made of plastic with rubber or polymer gaskets. They are used to seal joints between gutters. Such a component is required for structures that have a slope in two directions.
- Corner element. It is installed if the drain pipe is located on the facade of the house.
- Stub. A semicircular or square cover installed at the end of the gutter.
- Funnel. Through it, water from the gutter enters the drain pipe.
- Knee. If you place it at the bottom of the pipe, you can divert water further from the foundation. It is also required if necessary to change the system configuration
- Brackets and clamps for fixing the drain pipe to the wall.
- Dowel-nails, self-tapping screws.
To calculate the number of funnels, plugs, and brackets, you need to know the rules for their location. The installation step of the holder brackets is 50-80 cm, the clamps are 120-180 cm. A simple design requires 2 plugs, as well as 1-2 funnels.
Installation of a drainage system
The installer's manual involves preliminary selection of tools and marking of the structure. The system itself can be assembled on the ground and then secured.
Tools required for work
The set of tools depends on the material of the gutter.
The standard set is:
- A hacksaw for wood or metal, a jigsaw with an appropriate blade.
- Metal scissors.
- A screwdriver or hammer to secure the fasteners.
- Pliers (if work is carried out with galvanization).
- Rubber hammer for installing plugs,
- Device for bending hooks.
- Water level.
- Hammer drill (for installing clamps on walls).
You will also need a tape measure and a marker, a cord for marking, a stepladder or scaffolding.
On the left are two ways to mount brackets to the rafters; on the right are fastening the brackets to the sheathing.
Step-by-step sequence of installation work
The step-by-step instructions provide for carrying out work in the following order:
- Marking the position of the brackets and their slope. The distance from the first fastening to the wind board is 5-10 cm. A nail is driven into the marked place, to which the cord is attached. This point is higher than the others. Now it is important to determine the height from the top edge of the nail face board. On the opposite side you need to set aside the same segment. After this, focusing on the resulting horizontal, the required slope is struck.
- Installation of brackets. First, the first and last fasteners are installed, and then the intermediate ones. To fix the bracket, 2-3 nails or screws are required.
- Installation of funnels. Plastic elements are connected using adhesive. To prevent debris from getting into the pipe, it is equipped with a mesh.
- Installation of gutters. Their parts are connected to each other with special locking fasteners. In metal structures, parts of the gutter overlap one another in the direction of the slope. It is 5-6 cm. The joint is additionally sealed. Plugs are mounted on the end parts of the gutter.
- Installation of knees.
- Installation of drain pipes. Brackets with clamps are attached plumb. Water outlets are installed at the ends of the drains.
Reliability of fixation depends on compliance with installation technology. If the system is designed correctly, then it is not afraid of any flow of water.
The drainage system of any building in the country is an integral part of protecting structures from excess moisture. It performs the function of collecting and draining melt and rainwater from pitched roof. If the installation is performed poorly or the system is missing altogether, precipitation will accumulate quite quickly, which will inevitably lead to such irreversible consequences as the destruction of the building.
Quite often, heavy rainfall can cause erosion of the foundation. These are exactly the reasons why you will need to do it yourself. By following clear instructions and following all the necessary rules, you will ensure that the system performs its basic functions.
General rules for installing a drainage system
Before you begin installation yourself, you will need to make some calculations of the throughput of the drainage system, which have some rules. It will be necessary to calculate the throughput, in addition to determining the number of elements of the drainage system that will be needed. To do this, you will need to measure the linear dimensions of the roof, the depth of the eaves, the distance from the overhang of the eaves to the ground, as well as the angle of inclination of the roof.
The data that will be obtained may make it possible to calculate the catchment area, which is defined by manufacturers as the area of projection of the slope onto a horizontal surface or the area of the roof slope. The size of the gutters, the diameter of the pipes and the number of funnels will depend on the area.
List of elements that will be needed to do it yourself at the dacha:
- drill;
- self-tapping screws;
- brackets;
- water intake funnels;
- hacksaw for metal;
- glue;
- special clamps for securing a metal funnel;
- protective mesh;
- special clamps;
- plugs with rubber seal;
- connectors with seals;
- drain elbows;
- clamps;
- drain;
- roulette;
- building level.
Installation of fasteners for gutters of the drainage system
Today there are several types of fasteners. Depending on the choice of the owner of the house, they must be mounted either on the wall or on rafter system roofs. During DIY installation, it is very important to set a slight slope. 5 centimeters for every 10 meters of gutter towards the location of the drain pipe may be sufficient. This will allow sediment to go into the pipe as quickly and unhindered as possible, while preventing the possibility of water overflowing over the edge of the gutter.
If the length of the existing house is more than 20 m, it is recommended to make 2 slopes for water drainage. In such a case, the countdown will need to be carried out from the middle of the building to the edges.
Metal brackets are evenly distributed along the entire length of the wall at a distance of half a meter from each other. Using a drill, it is necessary to secure the brackets on the rafter system to each filly with pre-prepared self-tapping screws. If the rafter pitch is approximately 1 m, it is recommended to take care of installing additional brackets to the sheathing, while maintaining the required distance.
Installation of water inlet funnels, gutter and plugs
Water intake funnels are installed in places where drainpipes are located. If it is assumed that the water inlet funnels will serve as gutter connectors, it is necessary to start with their installation. Before installing the gutter with your own hands, you will need to use a hacksaw to cut a hole at the point where it connects to the water inlet funnel, and then clean the edges. In order to secure a plastic funnel, you should use glue, and a metal funnel, special clamps.
The outer groove of the gutter should fit onto the end of the bracket. They are laid and secured using special clamps. Similar construction works It is quite easy to complete, since the process is similar to assembling a constructor.
Next, the plugs are attached. It is recommended to buy plugs with a rubber seal on the lower arc, however, if you cannot find one, the plug is placed with the ribbed side of the seal facing up. Only after this is it connected to the gutter. You will need to ensure that the gutter fits completely into the groove of the plug.
To ensure the connection of the gutters, special connectors with seals are used. The connector should be positioned centrally between the two gutters and then secured with a lock. It is worth paying attention that the gutters must be located at a small distance from each other.
Installation of elbow, drainpipe, clamps and drain
The drain elbows should be placed directly on the funnel from below. This is necessary in order to ensure that the drain is located as close as possible to the wall, in addition to being able to secure it with clamps. In order to attach the drainage pipe with your own hands, you will need to attach an additional elbow to the funnel elbow, which is directed downward.
Next comes the installation of the drainpipe. The pipe must be placed in the elbow and secured with clamps. If the length of one pipe is not enough, you will simply need to insert an additional pipe into the first one.
After this comes the installation of the clamps yourself. For wood and brick load-bearing structures different clamps should be used. Most often, clamps consist of two arcs, which are placed on both sides of the pipe and secured using screw-on bolts.
The last step will be. The drain will involve a turn of the pipe, which is similar to an elbow. With its help, water is drained from the foundation and walls of the building. Optimal distance from the blind area to the edge of the drain is 30-40 cm.
The main requirement for a drainage system in a country house is its strength. Precipitation can be different and in different quantities. A system that was installed incorrectly may simply not cope with a sufficiently large flow of water. Installation of all elements requires the most precise adherence to all rules and ensuring the quality of all connections.
After all construction work is completed, you will need to flush the system. This is due to the fact that the remaining chips can negatively affect plastic elements.
What to do to make your gutter last a long time
It makes sense to know some tips regarding the operation and care of your gutter.
To avoid contamination of the drain, use a mesh.
Clogging or silting of some individual sections of gutters and pipes may well cause a decrease in the capacity of the drainage system. The drain must be cleared of debris and rinsed using watering hose. Such actions must be performed 2 times a year, in spring and autumn.
To protect the gutter from possible snow that may slide down, it is necessary to install snow guards on the roof that will match the type of roof. An anti-icing system, which can be mounted on plastic or metal gutters, can protect against ice.
If the house is located under trees, the pipes and gutters may become clogged with pine needles and leaves.
In order to avoid such clogging, you will need to protect the gutters along their entire length by using a special mesh or installing a mesh basket in the inlet funnel.
If rainwater will be discharged directly into the sewer, a sheathing will need to be installed at the bottom of the pipe, which will trap large objects of pollution.
The most common mistakes when installing drainage systems
- Installing pipes with the socket downward may cause leakage at the joint.
- Exceeding the recommended distance between brackets (more than 60 cm) may cause the gutter to sag in hot weather conditions.
- If the pipe clamps are tightly fixed, this prevents the vertical thermal expansion of the plastic.
- Installation of a drainpipe in inner corner building may make it difficult to maintain. The best place There may be external corners for installation.
Whatever drain you choose, you should remember that it can only protect the roof and facade of the house. All water that was collected from the roof will need to be removed from the site through the installation and use of storm drains.
Creation effective system water drainage is one of the main tasks that every owner may face own plot. For successful installation you need to know the rules.
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The ultimate dream of every individual developer is to build a roof over the house as soon as possible. But will their problems end there? The roof is ready, but what a disappointment! After the first heavy rainfall, he is faced with pretty wet walls and a basement from the waterfall that started from the roof. Obviously, the only way to avoid such troubles is to install roof gutters.
The drainage system is indeed one of essential elements the roof, and indeed the entire building as a whole. It is necessary for several reasons.
- When it rains with wind, the cornices do not help protect the facades from moisture, and water has a destructive effect on most building materials - brick and cement plaster, concrete and wood. In addition, when wet, the walls partially lose their thermal insulation properties.
- Hitting the blind area, water from the roof penetrates into the sand and gravel cushion under the base of the building, and excessive moisture in the base can result in serious consequences. unpleasant consequences, up to a reduction in the service life of the foundation. In addition, moisture that has leaked into the underground or basements, causes rotting wooden structures floor, worsens the microclimate of the house.
Is it always necessary to install a drainage system?
Most often, installing a gutter is a necessary solution to the problem of drainage from the roof. However, there are a number of cases when the presence of a drainage system is not strictly prerequisite. First of all, this applies to the simplest roofs, but even in this case certain preconditions cannot be avoided:
- the slope of the roof slope should be sufficient so that water, rain or melt, flows directly down from the roof without touching the facade of the building;
- metal coating roofing requires regular checks for the integrity of the painted surface - this allows timely protective measures to be taken against corrosion.
Types of drainage systems and features of materials
Gutter parts can be made of copper, aluminum or an alloy of zinc and titanium. They are considered the most economical.
Scratches on the surface of the plastic are hardly noticeable, since the type of material used is painted in bulk and is resistant to all kinds of atmospheric influences. The parts of the system are glued together or connected using rubber sealing gaskets.
Galvanized steel of drainage elements often has polymer coating, having different shades, so the color of the gutters can be easily matched to the color of the facade or roof. In this case, the connection of the system parts is carried out using brackets with latches or locks through rubber gaskets.
What does it consist of?
The most popular solution for draining water from the roof is an option that uses the following main elements of roof drainage - downpipes and hanging gutters. In addition to them, the system usually includes protective nets, corner elements, revisions, fastening parts such as brackets, holders, clamps and other things.
The maximum cross-sectional diameter of a drainpipe usually ranges from 7–10 cm, and that of a gutter is 120–150 mm. The latter can have different shapes: semicircular, semioval, trapezoidal, rectangular or more complex shape. The main selection criterion is often their aesthetics. Drainpipes must be shaped to match the shape of the gutter. The elements of the system all fit together easily and you can install roof gutters without much effort. Correct installation The drainage system ensures proper drainage of water from the roof.
The number of elements required for a particular roof is determined based on the total roof area. Naturally, the larger it is, the more complex the drainage system will be. In fact, the installation of roof gutters is not particularly difficult process. Anyone with a little experience with construction tools can handle it. The main thing is to perform the installation efficiently, in strict accordance with the instructions.
How to attach gutters: installation rules
First of all, it is carried out to determine the main parameters: the diameters and lengths of pipes and gutters, fastening locations, etc.
All work directly related to the installation of a drain is divided into several stages.
Marking and fastening brackets
Having carefully measured the roof around the perimeter, determine the length. Then mark the locations of the drainage funnels.
Then they begin to secure the hooks. The first two, taking into account the slope of the drain, are the shortest bracket for the drain and the longest; a cord is pulled between them. It is along this line that the lower part of the gutter will be located. Next, the rest are distributed between them in increments depending on the drainage material:
- 0.5-0.6 m – for plastic ones;
- 0.75-1.5 m – for metal ones.
Installation of drains and gutters
The gutter should fit easily into the funnel; to achieve this, use a hacksaw or metal cutting shears to cut a semicircle into the funnel on both sides. Then a gutter is inserted into it and its edges and funnel clamps are bent: the front fold of the funnel goes beyond the edge of the gutter, and the clamps are inserted and bent over the back one.
The drain funnel is attached to the gutter before it is secured with hooks.
The gutter is fastened as follows:
- the gutter is inserted into the bracket, placing its front part under the curved end of the latter,
- turn 90⁰ towards the roof slope;
- fixed with plates.
If the drainage system is made of plastic, then the funnel and gutter are glued together with special glue.
Pipe installation
Drainpipes are cut to the required length. Pipe holders are attached to the wall of the building: one at the top and one at the bottom of the building. If the pipe consists of several parts, they are combined using connecting pipes and secured in holders. The blind area should be at a distance of 30 cm from the drain elbow.
Gutter connection
Installation work is completed by connecting to each other. To do this, use a coupling into which a special rubber sealing strip is pre-inserted, with the ribbed side up. The locking part of the lock must be extended by 90⁰. The coupling must be positioned so that it is in the middle of the joints of the gutters, maintaining a slight gap between them - they should not touch. Then the connector lock is latched.
Gutter gutter connectors simultaneously serve as compensators. When exposed to heat, gutters tend to expand and increase in length. And although the extension per meter is quite insignificant, most likely the drainage system will have to be repainted. Thanks to compensators, it is possible to avoid distortion of the structure.
Watch the installation of the drainage system in the video:
