The popularity of brick buildings is explained by a number of positive characteristics of this building material. Durability comes first. Brick houses, when laid correctly, will last for centuries. And there is evidence of this. Today you can see strong buildings erected several centuries ago.
Dense brick perfectly withstands the “attacks” of bad weather. It does not collapse under rain jets, does not crack due to temperature changes, and can withstand both severe frosts and searing heat. Brick is also immune to sunlight.
Atmospheric phenomena can damage the masonry, but this will take many decades.
Resistance to biological destruction speaks in favor of brick. In addition, brick is fireproof. Even with prolonged exposure to open fire, the walls are not destroyed. Architects love this one construction material because it allows you to implement interesting architectural solutions.
Nowadays, not only white silicate and red bricks are produced, but also multi-colored ones, which makes it possible to create original colored facades. Brick houses look solid, reliable, like a real fortress from the famous saying.
What does it depend on?
First of all, the need for bricks for building a house depends on the dimensions of the walls, more precisely, on their thickness. The thicker the walls, the more building material they will require. The thickness of the walls is determined by the type of masonry. Their variety is limited.
Depending on the number and location of bricks, masonry is distinguished into:
- half a brick (masonry is used for partitions, since capital buildings they don’t build with half a brick);
- one (masonry is used for partitions, sometimes for garden houses where there is no heating);
- one and a half (suitable for the construction of buildings in warm climates);
- two (suitable for the construction of buildings in middle lane Russia, Ukraine, Belarus);
- two and a half (most often used in the construction of private houses and cottages in areas of climate zone II);
- three (now practically not used, but found in buildings of the past, the year before and earlier centuries).
The bricks themselves also vary in size. According to existing standards, all manufacturers produce building materials with identical dimensions only in length and width. The first parameter (length) is 25 cm, the second (width) is 12 cm. The differences are in thickness.
The following thickness dimensions are accepted:
- single – 6.5 cm;
- one and a half - 8.8 cm;
- double – 13.8 cm.
Bricks of one or the same type can be used in masonry different types. If after construction it is not planned to cover the facade with plaster, single brick will be the most preferred as it looks great.
Often a single type is used for cladding, and inner part The masonry is made up of thickened (one-and-a-half) or double bricks. The combined use of the two types usually occurs if you need to save money. After all, a double brick in terms of volume is much cheaper than a single or one-and-a-half brick.
When determining the amount of building material, you need to focus on two parameters: the type of masonry and the type of bricks.
Peculiarities
In order to correctly calculate the brick requirements for building a house, you need to know its dimensions. Usually, newcomers to construction make mistakes and get significantly large quantity building material than actually needed.
The mistake is that mortar joints are not taken into account. Meanwhile, the layer of mortar between the bricks is a considerable volume. If you miss the volume of the seams, the result will differ by at least 20 percent.
As a rule, the seams have a thickness of at least 5 and no more than 10 mm. Knowing the dimensions of the base material, it is easy to calculate that in one cubic meter of masonry, from 20 to 30 percent of the volume is occupied by masonry mortar. Example for different types of bricks and average mortar joint thickness. Practice shows that per cubic meter of masonry there are 512 single bricks, 378 thickened bricks or 242 double bricks.
Taking into account the solution, the amount decreases significantly: 23% less single bricks are required, that is, only 394 pieces, one-and-a-half bricks, respectively, 302, and double bricks, 200 pieces. Calculating the required number of bricks for building a house can be done in two ways.
In the first case, you can take the brick not of a standard size, but with allowances equal to the thickness of the mortar joint. The second method, in which the average consumption of building material per one square meter masonry is more preferable. The problem is solved faster, and the result is quite accurate.
The deviation in one direction or another is no more than three percent. Agree that such a small error is quite acceptable. Another example, but now not by volume, but by wall area - calculation taking into account the laying method of 0.5, one, one and a half, two or two and a half bricks.
Half-brick masonry is usually laid using beautiful facing marks.
For 1 m2, taking into account seams, the following is required:
- single – 51 pcs;
- thickened – 39 pcs;
- double – 26 pcs.
For laying 1 brick per square meter you need:
- single – 102 pcs;
- thickened – 78 pcs;
- double – 52 pcs.
A wall thickness of 38 cm is obtained by laying one and a half bricks.
The material requirement in this case is:
- single – 153 pcs;
- thickened – 117 pcs;
- double – 78 pcs.
For 1 m2 of masonry with 2 bricks you will have to spend:
- single – 204 pcs;
- thickened – 156 pcs;
- double – 104 pcs.
For thicker walls of 64 cm, builders will need for each square meter:
- single – 255 pcs;
- thickened – 195 pcs;
- double – 130 pcs.
How to calculate?
In order to correctly perform the operation of establishing the required amount of bricks needed to build a house, you will have to divide the work into several stages. It doesn’t matter what kind of house it is decided to build: a small low one or a large two-story one with attached garage, winter garden or a terrace, the calculation principle is the same. First you need to calculate the area of the external walls. A similar calculation of areas is carried out for interior walls.
It makes no sense to do a joint calculation, since the thickness of the external and internal walls is significantly different.
Then you will need to calculate the area of the window and doorways. As a rule, the project does not indicate areas, but linear dimensions. To calculate the area, you will have to use a formula familiar from school, multiplying the height by the width. If the openings are the same, you can find the area of one opening, for example, a window, and multiply the result by the number of future windows. If the overall dimensions are different rooms are different, you need to do calculations for each separately.
All resulting areas of openings are added and subtracted from the area obtained for the walls. Finding out how many bricks are needed for a known volume or area is quite simple. For example, for 200 sq. m of masonry in 1 standard (single) brick will cost 61 x 200 = 12,200 pcs without taking into account the seams, and taking into account the seams - 51 x 200 = 10,200 pcs.
Let's give an example of calculating brick consumption. Let’s say it’s planned to build a two-story brick house. The width of the building is 9 m, the length is 11 m, and the height is 6.5 m. The project provides for a masonry of 2.5 bricks, while the outside is faced with 0.5 bricks, and the main wall is laid out of double brick. Inside the building, the thickness of the walls is one brick. The total length of all internal walls is 45 m. The external walls have 3 doorways 1 m wide and 2.1 m high. Quantity window openings– 8, their dimensions are 1.75 x 1.3 m. Inside there are 4 openings with parameters of 2.0 x 0.8 m and one 2.0 x 1.5 m.
Determine the area of the external walls:
9 x 6.5 x 2 = 117 m2
11 x 6.5 x 2 = 143 m2
117 +143 = 260 m2
Area of doorways: 1 x 2.1 x 3 = 6.3 m2
Area of window openings: 1.75 x 1.3 x 8 = 18.2 m2
In order to correctly determine the completely continuous area of the external walls, you need to subtract the area of all openings from the total area: 260 - (6.3 + 18.2) = 235.5 m2. We determine the area of the internal walls taking into account the fact that brick walls are located only on the first floor with a ceiling height of 3.25 m: 45 x 3.25 = 146.25 m2. Without taking into account openings, the area of the walls inside the room will be:
146.25 – (2.0 x 0.8 x 4) – (2.0 x 1.5) = 136.85 m2
double: 235.5 x 104 = 24,492 pcs;
facing: 235.5 x 51 = 12,011 pcs;
single: 136.85 x 102 = 13,959 pcs.
The number of units is determined approximately, rounded to the nearest whole number.
When external walls are erected with one type of brick, the calculation can be performed by volume.
With the same overall dimensions At home, we will perform calculations based on volume. First, let's determine the volume of the walls. To do this, the length of one of the sides of the house (for example, the smaller one, 9 meters long) we accept in full and calculate the volume of two parallel walls:
9 (length) x 6.5 (height) x 0.64 (2.5 brick thickness) x 2 (number of walls) = 74.88 m3
The length of the second wall is reduced by (0.64 m x 2), that is, by 1.28 m. 11 - 1.28 = 9.72 m
The volume of the remaining two walls is equal to:
9.72 x 6.5 x 0.64 x 2 = 80.87 m3
Total cubic capacity of the walls: 74.88 + 80.87 = 155.75 m3
The number of bricks depends on the type chosen and will be for:
- single: 155.75 m3 x 394 pcs / m3 = 61,366 pcs;
- thickened: 155.75 m3 x 302 pcs / m3 = 47,037 pcs;
- double: 155.75 m3 x 200 pcs / m3 = 31,150 pcs.
As a rule, building materials are sold not individually, but in batches stacked on a pallet.
For solid bricks You can focus on the following quantity in the pallet:
- single – 420 pcs;
- one and a half – 390 pcs;
- double – 200 pcs.
To order a batch of building material, you just need to decide on the number of pallets.
In our last example, the requirement for bricks will be:
- single: 61,366 / 420 = 147 pallets;
- one-and-a-half: 47,037 / 390 = 121 pallets;
- double: 31,150 / 200 = 156 pallets.
When performing calculations, the builder always rounds up. In addition to the material directly used in masonry, it is necessary to take into account that when moving and performing work, part of the material goes into battle, that is, a certain reserve is needed.
It is generally accepted that all bricks meet established standards in size. However, tolerances exist and different batches of products may vary slightly. The structure will lose its integrity if different batches of bricks are used. For this reason, it is recommended to order the entire volume of building materials from one supplier at a time.
This is the only way to guarantee that the purchased material will differ in size and color shades(for facing marks). The estimated quantity should be increased by 5% to account for the inevitable losses during transportation and construction. Correctly calculating the need for bricks will prevent unnecessary downtime and save the developer’s finances.
For information on how much it costs to build a brick house, see the following video.
Brickwork is one of the most common methods of constructing load-bearing structures.
Brick walls have a number of advantages, but at the same time their cost is much higher than that of many other building materials.
To optimize costs and draw up estimates, it is important to make an accurate calculation brickwork- calculate how many bricks are needed to build a building.
Material selection
The more accurately you measure, the more accurate your calculations will be. The entire calculation procedure does not represent special labor and fits into a couple of simple mathematical formulas. But before you count the brickwork, you should make a number of measurements. And the more carefully they are carried out, the more accurate the final results will be.
First of all, it is necessary to correctly determine which type of brick is best suited in a particular case. On modern market There are several varieties of this building material.
Adobe
Organic filler reinforces brick This type of brick is made from unfired clay and various fillers: chopped straw, reeds, shavings, etc. It is usually made in a handicraft way: clay is mixed with additives and briquettes are formed from it, which are not fired in an oven, but simply dried in the sun.
Organic fillers play a reinforcing role, preventing the clay briquette from falling apart during construction and operation. The main advantage of adobe is its low cost and ease of production, which you can set up without any problems on your own plot.
Due to imperfect production technology, which does not guarantee the strength of the material, adobe brick is prohibited by SNiP for use in the construction of residential and public buildings. Its main area of application is single-story outbuildings, garages, fences.
Chamotte
This type of brick is used for the construction of structures subject to thermal stress. It's a fire brick. It is made from a special type of clay - chamotte and has a yellow color. It often contains coarse mineral fillers, so its surface may have a granular structure.
Due to their ability to withstand high temperatures (up to 1500 C) for a long time, fireclay bricks are used for the construction of stoves, fireplaces, chimneys, and the creation of thermal insulation screens.
The cost of refractory bricks is quite high, so using them in construction load-bearing walls not economically feasible.
Silicate
Silicate varieties do not tolerate moisture well Unlike other varieties, the basis sand-lime bricks It is a mixture of lime and silicates. Because of this, they have a light gray tint. They are formed by wet pressing without subsequent firing.
Sand-lime bricks have increased hygroscopicity - the ability to absorb moisture, so they are not recommended for use in the construction of buildings that will be used in high humidity: when constructing walls of basements, ground floors, etc.
Ceramic
Ordinary solid brick is well suited for the construction of load-bearing walls The largest and most common type of brick today. They are made from pressed clay and fired in special ovens at a certain temperature. All production technology and their specifications are strictly regulated by construction standards and GOSTs. Ceramic brick is divided into three main groups - ordinary, facing and clinker.
Due to the low strength of facing bricks, they cannot be used for the construction of load-bearing walls and when laying fireboxes and chimneys of stoves and fireplaces.
Calculation of the amount of material
To correctly calculate the amount of brick required for a wall, a number of factors should be taken into account. These are the linear dimensions of the brick itself, the area of window and door openings, the thickness and area of the walls, the width of the masonry joints. 
Before calculating the amount of material, it should be taken into account that up to 10% of the brick will inevitably be “broken”.
These are irretrievable losses that occur during transportation, loading and unloading of materials and directly during the construction process, so the calculated volumes should always be multiplied by this coefficient, that is, by 10%.
Standard sizes Standard brick sizes regulated by Russian GOSTs are:
- length - 25 cm;
- width - 12 cm;
- height - 6.5 cm.
This is the so-called single or standard brick. Construction backfill, fireclay, silicate bricks, as well as most facing bricks, have this size. In addition, material is also produced with non-standard, large sizes- “one and a half” and “double”.
One-and-a-half brick, unlike the standard one, has a greater height with the same length and width.
- length - 25 cm;
- width - 12 cm;
- height - 8.8 cm.
The double brick has the following linear dimensions:
- length - 25 cm;
- width - 12 cm;
- height - 13.8 cm.
Eurobricks In addition to the above, you can find so-called “Eurobricks” on the domestic building materials market.
This is material produced according to EU standards and imported to us from abroad. “Eurobricks” come in two main types:
- NF (standard): length - 24 cm, width - 11.5, height - 7.1.
- DF (thin): length - 24 cm, width - 11.5, height - 5.2 (optional - 5 or 6.5 cm).
When calculating the number of bricks in a masonry, in addition to their linear dimensions, the thickness of the seams is also considered masonry mortar. The thickness of a standard seam is 1 cm, so another 0.5 cm should be added to the length and width of each brick. For more information about brick formats, see this video:
The table shows the number of bricks contained in 1 sq.m. masonry depending on its thickness.
Wall thickness and area
These parameters are key when calculating the required amount of materials. Before calculating the volume of brickwork, linear measurements of the walls should be taken: height, length and thickness. According to SNiP standards, the thickness of load-bearing walls can vary from 12 to 64 cm.
Masonry with a larger wall width is not used due to economic infeasibility: the cost of 1 m3 increases disproportionately, and the technical characteristics of the wall do not improve dramatically.
The area of the walls is calculated using a simple formula. The length is measured along the entire perimeter and multiplied by their height. After this, you can directly begin to calculate the volume of the masonry.
Calculation procedure
The number of bricks is calculated using the following algorithm.
- All walls are divided into several groups depending on their thickness.
- A building design is taken and the area of all walls of the future building is calculated: external load-bearing walls and internal partition walls. In this case, the area of walls with different thicknesses should be calculated separately.
- Then the thickness of a particular group of walls is taken (half a brick, a brick, etc.) and multiplied by their area accordingly. Thus, we get the total - “dirty” volumes of all the walls of the building.
- The next step will be to find the volume of all door and window openings. To do this, we measure their width, height and thickness - the latter indicator depends on which wall the opening is located in.
- Subtract the total footage of all openings from the total volume of the walls. As a result, the volume remains “clean”, that is, the brickwork itself.
- The volume of one brick is calculated by multiplying its length by width and height. Using a simple calculator, you can calculate that one cubic meter of masonry contains about 512 “standard” bricks with dimensions of 25 x 12 x 6.5 cm: 1 m3: 0.198 m3 = 512 pieces.
- Don't forget about the masonry mortar. Its share in the total volume of the wall can be no less than 15 - 20%. That is, from the previously obtained number, you can safely “throw away” about a hundred bricks. As a result, it will take approximately 400 of them to build 1 m3 of wall + 10% will be added to the “battle”. Finally, you need to multiply this amount by the final volume of the masonry and find how many total bricks will be needed to build the building. For more details about the calculations, watch this video:
As can be seen from the article, calculating the number of bricks needed to erect a structure is not so difficult. It is important to carefully make all measurements according to the building design. After this, simply substitute the resulting dimensions into the appropriate formulas. With the help of accurate calculations, you can avoid such troubles as an excess, or, conversely, a shortage of material.
When starting the construction of a house, many do not even approximately understand how to correctly calculate the amount of brick so that there is exactly enough of it, there is no need to buy more, and at the same time, so that there is no leftover. And if the latter can still be dealt with - something can be completed or delivered, then ordering additional material from another batch means violating the general concept of color. Products from different batches may differ not only in shades, but even in texture, which once again confirms the need for mandatory preliminary calculation of bricks for masonry.
What parameters do you need to know?
In order to determine the amount of material for the house, you can use a calculator (see below) or calculate it yourself. To do this you need to know the following initial data:
- the length of the perimeter walls;
- wall area (width x height);
- thickness (half, one, two, two and a half bricks);
- brick size;
- type of mortar joint.
You can go the other way and calculate the consumption by volume, based on the fact that each cube of wall requires 400 ± 1 pcs. Accordingly, the amount of mortar is determined separately for solid bricks, separately for hollow bricks - in this case, the consumption increases by 15% for filling voids.
Let's give an example. For a wall 6 meters long and 3 meters high (area 18 sq.m.) you will need 62 bricks.
To determine bricks for construction, there are tables that provide information on the size of bricks, type and volume of mortar, seams, etc., which allows you to approximately determine required amount. But in in this case the error can reach 15-20%.
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How can you correctly distribute the load-bearing load - external and interior walls they go in one brick, there is a distance between them
If you don't use a brick per house calculator, you'll have to take a lot of data into account. It’s easier and, as practice shows, cheaper to contact specialists or use online services.
Brick calculator
Wall thickness
The first condition for a warm and comfortable home is wall thickness adequate to the climate zone and region. Standard products 25x12x65 cm can be laid in several ways, which will determine its thickness:
- half - 12 cm;
- in one - 25 cm;
- one and a half - 38 cm;
- in two - 51 cm;
- at two and a half - 64 cm.
For the vast majority of the territory, excluding Krasnodar region and Crimea, optimal thickness- 51-64 cm, respectively, in 2 or 2.5 bricks.
Now, after determining the thickness, you can proceed to calculating the perimeter, for which you need to know how tall the house is planned and what the length of the walls will be. After obtaining this value, you need to subtract the area of the door and window openings. The final balance will be the required area of future brick walls.
Block sizes
This is a key parameter affecting the total amount of material. Depending on the type, the following varieties are distinguished:
- single - 25x12x6.5 cm;
- one and a half - 25x12x8.8 cm;
- double - 25x12x13.8 cm.
The first option looks much more aesthetically pleasing and neat, although this type of installation takes the most time. One and a half and double are placed much faster (even according to the most conservative estimates you can save almost 2 times), but it looks finished building not so impressive.
When determining how many bricks are needed to build a house, take into account the height of the masonry joint. When laying a single joint, the height of the seam is 5 mm, double and one and a half – almost a centimeter.
The table below shows an example of the most commonly used building materials (single, one-and-a-half, double), taking into account the height of the masonry joint and without it. Using these data, you can also determine the amount of material for the construction of any building, for which you multiply the data by the area of the wall.
In any batch there is a defect - split, knocked down or cracked specimens. This may be the result of improper storage or transportation. On average, 5-7% is spent on defects; accordingly, possible defects are added to the original number and ordered as much as required.
Facing
Novice builders are no less interested in the number of bricks in the masonry for wall cladding. Here the calculation algorithm is the same, but the process will take half a brick. In order to understand exactly how much material is needed, you need to know two sources:
- brick dimensions;
- seam height.
If a standard single 25x12x6.5 cm is used, then about 52 pieces will be needed per square of surface with a seam height of 10 mm.
Amount of solution
To determine the budget, you need to know how much solution is needed, or rather the volume of its components (sand, cement, water and additives).
The amount of solution is determined according to standard parameters:
- for full-bodied buildings in one row - 3 masonry blocks of 0.22 cubic meters per 1 m. ready-made composition;
- for hollow in one row - per 1 m 3 masonry 0.24 cubic meters. ready-made composition;
- for full-bodied in two rows - per 1 m 3 masonry 0.25 cubic meters. ready-made composition.
Hollow ones require more solution, since part of it is spent filling the voids.
The number of components and the mixing procedure per 1 m 3 of masonry are indicated in detail in the article. Here we add that the service life and thermal insulation of the walls directly depend on the consistency. Too liquid will lead to the formation of a large number of cold bridges and the formation of condensation with subsequent destruction of the masonry. Too thick - it will not provide the necessary adhesion and will also begin to burst gradually.
Observe the parameters and proportions of cement, sand and water when mixing the mortar so that you do not have to redo it.
VIDEO: detailed instructions determining the quantity
An example of calculating the amount of bricks for building a house of 120 sq.m:
- Determining the thickness of the walls of the future house
Since we take the central strip of Russia as a basis, the thickness will accordingly be 2 stones. We take the standard size - single 25x12x6.5 cm.
- We calculate the perimeter of the walls and area
Length - 10 and 12 meters, 4 walls. The perimeter is 44 meters. Height is standard 3 meters. The area is 132 sq.m.
- Using the table above, we determine the type of masonry (double) and type (single)
It turns out, taking into account the seam, 204 pieces. We multiply the area by the quantity 132 sq.m. x 204 pcs. = 26928 pieces.
- Taking marriage into account
On average, 7% is rejected, which is 2000 pieces.
Total, for a house with an area of 120 sq.m. with a wall height of 3 meters you will need 28928 single bricks.
Using a similar formula, they determine how much is needed for a 10x10 m house. Without repeating the calculation algorithm, we will immediately present the result. On standard house with a wall height of 3 meters, 24,480 bricks will be needed for construction and 6,120 pcs. on the cladding.
Calculation example for cladding
- Wall area (12 x 2 + 10 x 2) x 3 = 132 sq.m
- It takes an average of 51 pieces to cover 1 square, respectively, 132 x 51 = 6732 pieces.
- Taking into account 7% defects, you will need 7203 bricks.
Before you begin directly calculating the amount of material, calculate the area of window and door openings and subtract from the total area of the walls.
VIDEO: In what cases can you use brickwork 25 cm thick, one stone
Initial data
Step 1: The calculator is designed to calculate construction and facing bricks of any kind. To begin, select brick sizes from the drop-down list. If required sizes not in the list, set your sizes by selecting the appropriate item. Be careful here: set the length, width and height of the brick in relation to how the brick will lie in the masonry. Next, enter such building parameters as the height of the wall and the total length of the wall along the outer perimeter of the building.
Step 2: Then indicate the method of laying the brick. The thickness of future walls directly depends on these data. This can be a structure of half a brick (the thickness of the wall will be equal to the width of the brick), one brick (the thickness of the wall will be equal to the length of the brick), 1.5 bricks (wall thickness = length + width of the brick) and 2 bricks (wall thickness = 2 brick lengths). Choose the installation method depending on the designed number of storeys of the building, the type of floors and other features of the structure.
Step 3: To make the calculation more accurate, it is necessary to take into account the thickness of the masonry joint consisting of mortar. Sometimes the thickness of horizontal and vertical seams is different.
Step 4: To calculate the masonry mesh, you need to decide how many rows you will lay it in. You don’t have to enter data about it by leaving the “Ignore” option in the column. Or count it, indicating that it lies through the Nth number of rows.
Step 5: Brick weight is an optional parameter. But if you want to calculate the approximate weight finished walls and the load from the walls on the foundation, then it is still advisable to indicate it. Price is also an optional parameter. Indicate it if you want to calculate the total cost of the brick.
Step 6: To take into account the gables of the building, as well as windows, doors and additional openings in the calculations, check the appropriate boxes and set the necessary parameters in the list that appears.
Step 7: After filling in all fields, click the "Calculate" button. You can print the results obtained or send them by email.
For comfort, various elements It is better to count buildings separately. For example, external walls and interior partitions can differ both in height and in the method of laying bricks. In this case, perform two independent calculations.
Explanation of calculation results
| Building perimeter | The sum of the lengths of all walls taken into account in the calculations |
| Total masonry area | Square outside walls Equals the area of the required insulation, if it is included in the project |
| Wall thickness | The thickness of the folded wall, taking into account the mortar joint(s). Minor deviations from the final result are allowed depending on the masonry method |
| Number of bricks | The total number of all blocks required to build walls according to the specified parameters |
| Total weight and volume of bricks | Net weight and volume of bricks (excluding mortar and masonry mesh). This information may be useful for choosing a delivery method. |
| Quantity of mortar for the entire masonry | Volume mortar, which will be required to lay all the bricks. Deviations in the indicator are allowed. Depends on the ratio of components and added additives |
| Number of rows in masonry including seams | It is determined by the height of the walls, the size of the materials used and the thickness of the masonry mortar. Gables are not taken into account |
| Optimal wall height | The recommended height of a brick wall, which, as a rule, should be a multiple of the height of the brick itself along with the seam. You may agree with this recommendation - then recalculate by entering a new value for the height of the walls in the calculator |
| Quantity of masonry mesh | Required quantity of masonry mesh in meters. Used to reinforce masonry, increasing solidity and overall strength of the structure |
| Approximate weight of finished walls | Weight of finished walls, taking into account all bricks and mortar, but excluding the weight of insulation and cladding | Load without taking into account the weight of the roof and ceilings. This value is needed to select the strength characteristics of the foundation |
If you intend to build a house or other building from brick, then first of all you need to calculate how much brick will be used for masonry and how much mortar is needed. The easiest way for these purposes is to use the program “calculation of bricks for masonry online calculator”. With its help, you can calculate not only the amount of brick, but also the volume of mortar for masonry.
The program can make extremely accurate data calculations, thereby you will purchase required quantity building materials and you won’t end up with a mountain of bricks or bags of cement. But first, we recommend that you familiarize yourself with the types of bricks and their sizes.
Before construction begins, it is necessary to purchase material. Before purchasing, you should calculate the brickwork to avoid shortages or overuse of material. It is better to purchase all building materials from one batch, since the colors of the products may vary slightly in different batches. To calculate in a program or manually, you need to collect the following information:
- Type of material used;
- Brick laying method;
- Calculate the area of external walls or partitions, taking into account the sizes of window and door openings.
Brick, as a building material, is used in construction sites of varying complexity for many decades. It is used in all corners of the world and remains in demand for a variety of reasons. Modern materials may differ in their composition, shape and appearance. Moreover, bricks intended for the same purpose may differ in composition, but nevertheless, it can be divided into several main types:
- Red ceramic;
- Silicate white;
- Refractory;
- From adobe.
Red ceramic brick
It is made from clay. This is the most common building material. According to its purpose it is divided into:
- Facing;
- Private.
Ordinary is used for laying the main building mass. Load-bearing walls, partitions, basement rooms, and, in some cases, foundations are built from it. Ceramic brick has good thermal insulation and is more resistant to frost and temperature changes than other types of brick. The ordinary brickwork is subsequently plastered or covered with facing material.
Facing is used for finishing construction or cladding of already built masonry. Facing materials used for cladding the facades of buildings and structures. It has an even smooth surface no chips or cracks. Some types of facing bricks have increased wear resistance. With the help of special additives, their physical and mechanical properties are increased.
To give decorative properties, additional dyes can be introduced into the bricks.
Silicate
Like ceramic, it consists of natural materials. For its production, puffed lime and sand are used with the addition of purified demineralized water. It is produced using the autoclave method. From components create the required form, by pressing. The resulting forms are processed in an autoclave oven under pressure at high temperature. As a result, silicate is formed. This brick is characterized by high strength. It is used for the construction of load-bearing walls, partitions, etc. It absorbs moisture too much, and therefore is not used in ground floors and in foundations. Also, it is not used in furnace construction, since high temperatures can cause cracks. Produce bricks different colors and forms.
Fireproof
This type has a special purpose. They do not have high strength or frost resistance, and also have a high cost. Their main advantage is resistance high temperatures. Fireclay, made from clay with the addition of fireclay. Bricks have yellow, they are used to build stoves, fireplaces and smelting plants. Sometimes chimneys are erected.
Fireclay bricks
Adobe
It is a mixture of clay and straw, which is dried on outdoors. This material is obsolete and is no longer used on a large scale. Previously it was used to build one-story houses in the villages. Rarely meet today adobe houses, due to the environmental friendliness of the raw materials and the high thermal insulation coefficient.
Division by type
Based on their appearance, bricks are divided into hollow and solid. Hollow ones lighten the overall weight of the wall; the hollowness can reach 25 percent. IN multi-storey buildings, for the construction of load-bearing walls, only solid ones are used. Hollow ones are suitable for partitions; due to the air content in the voids, they provide additional sound insulation and thermal insulation.
According to their size, according to GOST requirements, bricks are divided into three types:
- Single (height 250 by 120 and 65 mm);
- One and a half (height 250 by 120 and 88 mm);
- Double (dimensions 130x176x206 mm).
They may not match standard sizes, if produced abroad or if it is for a special purpose (for the construction of arches).
Single masonry has a classic appearance, therefore for facing works it's better to use it. Double and one-and-a-half allow you to speed up the pace of work and save on cement mortar consumption.
Types of masonry
To calculate the amount of brick you need to determine the weight of the wall. Depending on the load the wall will bear and the climate, there are 5 types of masonry:
- Brick flooring, wall thickness 12 cm;
- Masonry in one, with a wall thickness of 25 cm;
- H 1.5-38 cm;
- H 2- 51 cm;
- At 2.5, the wall thickness will be 64 cm.
The walls of the house experience three types of load:
- Compression (This type of load occurs from weight upper structures Houses. Vertical load, in low-rise buildings it is not significant; the safety margin in the masonry is usually sufficient);
- Displacement (Wind currents or a rotating horizontal load tries to move part of the wall out of place. Residential buildings with thin walls can collapse under the influence of displacement loads. To prevent the action of displacement loads, the thickness of the outer walls is increased.);
Methods to calculate bricks for masonry
Basically two types of calculation are used:
- Without taking into account mortar joints (will lead to the formation of building material residues);
- Taking into account mortar joints (The mortar can account for up to 25 percent of the total volume of material).
Calculation using online calculator, allow you to get a more accurate result. Thanks to the ease of use and fast work, even non-professionals can easily calculate the costs of the material, thereby speeding up and simplifying work on the construction site.
You can also watch a video on calculating bricks:
