Floors on the ground: making the right floor with your own hands. Options for floors on the ground on a strip foundation TechnoNIKOL floors on the ground pie

Externally similar to a slab foundation, the ground floor structure is less massive and cheaper to manufacture. Instead of two reinforcing mesh One wire is used; stiffeners are needed only under heavy partitions. Ground flooring is not load-bearing structure, is created exclusively for the installation of floor coverings.

Layer-by-layer scheme of the floor on the ground.

IN classic scheme concrete floor, a regular and complete pie of several layers with insulation is laid on the ground:

sand;
geotextiles;
layer of crushed stone 0.4 m;
footing;
waterproofing;
insulation;
concrete screed with wire mesh in its lower third, separated from the plinth, grillage or foundation damper tape along the perimeter.

Depending on the layout of the building, soil conditions and compliance with technology, the composition of the floor on the ground may vary. For example, sand and geotextiles are not needed on coarse sandy soil.

The footing can be replaced with a leveling layer of sand on top of crushed stone. To reduce the construction budget, the foundation is often not poured under the partitions, so stiffening ribs reinforced with reinforcement frames appear in the floors along the ground. In any case, before starting the production of a floating screed, it is necessary to prepare the existing foundation and plan it at a single horizontal level.

Preparing the base

Despite the fact that concrete is the strongest structural material, soil heaving and foundation subsidence are dangerous for screeds. Therefore, the arable layer in the building spot should be completely removed: black soil or gray soil is saturated with organic matter, which will rot, after which the entire pie will sag, unevenly in individual areas, cracks will open in the screed, or the concrete floor will collapse along the ground.

For communications, it is necessary to dig trenches with a slope, bring them outside the foundation and near the walls inside the house.

Wiring of engineering systems.

Important! The correct ground floor is made in the form of a floating screed, separated from the elements of foundations and plinths by a damper layer. It is forbidden to rest the slab on protruding parts of these structures.

Separating layer

To avoid mutual mixing of the layers of the floor pie on the ground with the soil of the base, the pit is lined non-woven material(geotextile or dornite). The edges of the separating layer web are launched at lateral surface and pressed against a brick, wall blocks. Additional function geotextile is to prevent weed roots from growing through a concrete floor on the ground during operation.

Advice! Geotextiles with a density of 100 g/m2 or more can be laid under a floating screed, since the structure is considered not responsible, unlike slab foundations, which will require needle-punched material with a density of 200 g/m 2 or more.

Substrate

The concrete floor layer on the ground must rest on a hard layer to avoid soil subsidence. Therefore, depending on the ground conditions, non-metallic materials are used:

Natural soil (coarse sand or gravelly soil) is less often used. If the developer still has expanded clay after dismantling the building or this material is cheaper in the region than crushed stone, this material is also suitable as an underlying layer.

Advice! Required condition is high-quality compaction of every 15 cm of the underlying layer with a vibrating plate or manual tamper. It is not recommended to spill sand with water; the material should be moistened with a watering can before backfilling and compaction.

Footing

The classic floor pie on concrete soil includes a concrete screed made from a thin B7.5 mixture. It is necessary to solve several problems:

However, to reduce the construction budget, the concrete base is replaced with other technologies:

Important! The footing is not reinforced, but is necessarily separated from the elements of the foundation or plinth along the perimeter by a damping layer (pieces of polystyrene foam on an edge or a special tape).

Waterproofing and insulation

At the next stage, the cake must be insulated from moisture, prevent heat loss in the floors and preserve geothermal heat under the building. For this, waterproofing and insulation are used. Their relative position inside the structure pie is as follows:

The main mistake developers make is laying a vapor barrier over expanded polystyrene:

the air temperature in the room is always higher than in the ground under the screed (true for heated rooms);
therefore, when laying flooring that does not have vapor barrier properties (floorboards, parquet, cork covering), the direction of steam will always be from top to bottom;
the vapor barrier membrane will accumulate moisture on the surface, inside the cake, at the insulation/concrete interface;
the screed will collapse and the wire mesh inside will corrode.

Apart from an unreasonable increase in the construction budget, this scheme does not provide any advantages. The accumulation of harmful gas - radon under the floors on the ground is impossible, since there is no underground in this design.

The following materials can be used as waterproofing:

built-up rolls - Technonikol, Gidrostekloizol, Bikrost or roofing felt;
film - made of polyvinyl chloride or polyethylene;
membranes – have high density and strength, can be laid without making a concrete base.

Admix mixture - an additive is added to concrete during mixing, the structural material becomes moisture-proof;
Penetron - the floor on the ground is processed AFTER concreting, the effect is similar to the previous one.

These waterproofing materials also do not require a footing.

Of all existing insulation materials the best option for the floor on the ground, high-density extruded polystyrene foam of the XPS or EPS grades (for example, Penoplex) is used. The thickness of the layer depends on the climate of the operating region, ranging from 5 to 20 cm. The sheets are laid with mixing joints in adjacent rows, large gaps are filled with polyurethane foam with similar properties.

Damper layer

Floors on the ground are prohibited from being rigidly connected to the elements of the plinth or foundation, so along the perimeter it is necessary to install polystyrene foam strips on the edge, pressing them against the vertical enclosing structures. However, more often a special damping tape made of latex, rubber or foamed polymers with an adhesive layer is glued to the walls.

Important! The height of the cutting layer should be slightly higher than the thickness of the floating screed. After the concrete has hardened, the material is cut off with a knife, and the junction points are decorated with plinths after laying the floor covering.

Floating screed

The main nuances of concreting a floor on the ground are:

It is recommended to fill in one step;
areas larger than 50 m2 (relevant for studio rooms, sheds and garages) should be separated by a special corner to create expansion joints;
internal load-bearing walls And heavy partitions must be built on a separate foundation;
partitions made of gypsum plasterboard/gypsum plasterboard must be partially erected so that when the screed dries, moisture is not absorbed into the plasterboard or gypsum fiber sheet, destroying these materials;
It is preferable to pour along plaster beacons or profiles for gypsum plasterboard systems installed in a single horizontal level on quick-drying putty solutions;
screed thickness 5 - 20 cm, depending on operational loads and the planned floor covering, as well as the need to install underfloor heating pipes.

Partial construction of plasterboard partitions is carried out using the following technology:

installation of racks and horizontal jumpers;
covering them at the joints of the floor on the ground with strips of plasterboard 10–20 cm high along the entire length.

For flooring on the ground, you can use ready-mixed concrete B12.5 and higher; the filler is gravel, dolomite or granite crushed stone. The screed is reinforced at the lower level with wire mesh.

Important! If the technology is broken, heavy partitions are planned to be supported on a screed; in the places where they pass, stiffening ribs are needed, which are created by analogy with the USHP slab (insulated Swedish floating foundation slab).

Floor reinforcement on the ground

The industry produces welded wire mesh BP in accordance with GOST 8478 from 5 mm wire with a square cell of 10 - 20 cm. Do-it-yourself knitting on site is more expensive due to high flow knitting wire and increased labor intensity. The grids are laid using the following technology:

Unlike reinforcing mesh, wire cards have much less rigidity; walking on them when laying the mixture is strictly prohibited. Therefore, the following methods are used:

ladders - halves of bricks are placed in the mesh cells, on which boards rest, which are moved along with spacers as the structure is ready;
“paths” - concrete is piled from the entrance of the room to the far corner, after which you can walk along these paths without shifting the grid.

IN small rooms Typically, grid maps of appropriate size are used. If the room has a complex configuration, additional pieces need to be cut. In this case and when reinforcing large areas, the overlap of cards/rolls is at least one cell.

Stiffening ribs under the partitions

To create stiffening ribs under the partitions, intermittent laying of extruded polystyrene foam or its top layer is used. Reinforcing frames made of square clamps (smooth reinforcement 4–6 mm) and longitudinal rods (“corrugated” 8–12 mm) are placed into the resulting voids.

Heated floor contours

To reduce energy consumption in the heating boiler and increase living comfort, heated floors are used. Their contours can be embedded in the screed by laying the pipes directly on the reinforcing mesh.

To connect to the collectors, the underfloor heating pipes are routed outside near the wall. In this place they must be covered with damper tape. Similar technology expansion joint necessary for all communications passing through the screed (heating risers, hot water supply/hot water supply).

Thus, the composition of the floor on the ground can be modified depending on the construction budget and specific operational and soil conditions.

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When planning to make a heated floor in a house on the ground, it is advisable to make the structure in two stages: first pour a rough screed onto the lower layers, and only after it has matured, lay all the other layers on it.

The fact is that the soil and, accordingly, all the layers above it can sag. Even if the soil is compacted, even if it is compacted, there will be movement. He lay simply, without any load. If you lay a heated floor pie on top, and it weighs a lot, subsidence will begin and cracks will appear. It may even tear the elements of the heated floor. Then all the money will be thrown away. That’s why experts advise first making a subfloor according to all the rules, and then laying a water floor on top. It's much more reliable this way.

Yes, many have a heated floor on the ground without a screed, and nothing sags. But not for everyone and not always. So think carefully. A warm concrete floor on the ground will be more reliable with a rough screed. If you still decide to do without this layer, install at least two reinforcing frames: the first under the heat insulator, and the second in the screed. Then, with careful compaction, everything can stand quite well.

First of all, we determine the level to which the soil needs to be removed. The soil must be removed. If the layer of humus or plant residues is not removed, they will begin to decompose and “smell.” Therefore, whether you do a subfloor or not, you still need to remove everything unnecessary. Moreover, the fertile layer is usually the loosest, and it will definitely settle and can pull all the layers above it with it. The underlying rocks are denser, firstly because they experience greater loads, and secondly, because there are fewer living creatures and microorganisms living there.

The entire pie of a heated floor on the ground can take 20 cm or more (in some regions - much more). Therefore, you need to start marking from the zero level - where your finished floor will be located. You mark it, and then consider how much you need to go deeper. It is advisable to mark the level of each layer: then it will be easier to navigate.

The correct design of a heated floor on the ground is as follows:

Take off fertile soil, remove all debris and stones. Level and compact the remaining soil. This must be done very carefully and verified using a level. This is the basis for all subsequent materials.
A layer of compacted sand (level). Any sand can be used for filling. The main thing is to compact it well and level it again.
A layer of expanded clay or crushed stone (crushed stone is preferable due to lower thermal conductivity). Fraction - small or medium. We compact it for a long time and persistently until it becomes almost a monolith.
Pre-screed. There are two options:
- Sprinkle crushed stone and sand with a liquid solution (sand + cement in a ratio of 2:1).
- Pour in the rough screed. The desired thickness of this layer is 5-7 cm. And for reliability, lay a reinforcing mesh made of 3 mm metal wire, with a cell of 10*10 cm. This subfloor is more reliable. It will withstand significant loads.
After everything has set and the concrete has hardened, a layer of waterproofing is laid. If the soil is dry, this is usually polyethylene film, preferably 200 mn in two layers.
Expanded polystyrene boards (glue the joints with tape so that the solution does not flow).
A layer of metallized waterproofing (not foil, but metallized).
The mounting system for the heated floor and the heating tubes, cables, etc.
Heated floor screed, preferably reinforced.

The thickness of all layers of the underfloor heating layer on the ground depends on the region: the colder, the greater. In the south it can be 2-5 cm, but the further north you go, the more massive the layers are required. Each of them is well compacted and leveled. You can use manual tampers, but mechanical ones are much more effective.

Particular attention should be paid to the heat insulator. It is recommended to use expanded polystyrene in slabs, its density not lower than 35 kg/m 3. For northern regions it can be 10 cm or more. If the thickness of the thermal insulation is large (extruded polystyrene foam), it is advisable to use two layers of slabs. And lay them so that the seams of the bottom layer overlap the slab lying on top. Tape the joints of each layer with tape.

To protect against dampness, do not forget to carry out waterproofing work on the foundation before starting all work. It is also important not to forget to isolate the foundation from the entire heated floor structure. You need to put the same polystyrene foam in slabs around the perimeter. In general, the idea for hydro- and thermal insulation is this: to reduce heat loss, you need to insulate your floor from everything except the air in the room. Then the heating will be economical and the rooms will be warm.

Choice of thermal insulation - key moment in the organization of heated floors

Process technology at high groundwater levels

If the groundwater is high, the correct sequence of layers is not everything. We need to drain the water somehow.

If the depth of laying the heated floor layers is lower than the ground water level, drainage is necessary. For it, at least 30 cm below the required level, we make a water drainage system. It is advisable to pour river sand, but such volumes cost a lot, so you can use other rocks, but not peat or black soil. As an option - excavated soil mixed with crushed stone.

When laying thermal insulation boards, their joints must be taped to prevent the solution from leaking into the cracks

The selected material is poured in layers of 10 cm, each of which is compacted and spilled with water. There are usually three layers, but more are possible. We lay a layer of geotextile on compacted sand or soil with crushed stone. This modern material, which will allow water to pass down and prevent mixing different materials. It is not damaged by insects and animals and has high tensile strength. Also, geotextiles additionally level out the mechanical loads that the floor will experience.

At the same stage, you need to simultaneously take care of the hydro- and thermal insulation of the floor from the foundation. Can be used for these purposes bitumen mastic or other modern and reliable waterproofing materials and impregnations. And the thermal insulation is standard: the inner perimeter of the foundation is lined with polystyrene foam slabs.

Then there are layers of sand and crushed stone, and poured on them rough screed. Spill liquid cement-sand composition in this case it is undesirable. A rough screed is needed for reliability. After it has dried, a layer of waterproofing should be applied. At high level For groundwater, it is better to use not polyethylene, but fused waterproofing or polymer membranes. They are more reliable, although they are more expensive.

Next, all the layers, as recommended earlier: a heat insulator, a water barrier with a metallized coating, and fasteners with (or, for example). All this is covered with a metal reinforcing mesh and filled with another layer of mortar. And then - depending on the one used.

Results

Warm floors in a house on the ground - quite complex design. In order for it to be reliable, a rough screed is necessary. If for some reason it is not possible to make a screed, you can, as a last resort, get by by compacting the layers.

The floor is a surface with which every homeowner is in constant contact. Floors have an impact on health, so it is vital that they are done correctly. It is necessary to take care of the installation of high-quality and heated floors at the stage of repair work in the house.

One of the most budget-friendly and optimal options for arranging flooring is considered to be flooring on the ground. It is advisable to lay it only if there is dry underlying soil, since otherwise it will be necessary to carry out a number of waterproofing measures. Floors on the ground do not require the installation of beams or floors, but require careful preparation of the surface.

A little about the technology of making a cake for a ground floor

When thermal insulation work is carried out correctly, a floor on the ground can create warmth, coziness and a comfortable microclimate. A guarantee of a reliable result of this event can only be called adherence to a clear plan. If you violate the order of the stages of making the cake, you can completely forget about the effectiveness of the floor covering. The pie laying technology involves the following steps:

site marking;
preparing the soil for laying the floor;
waterproofing or laying the underlying layer;
installation of insulation;
concrete reinforcement;
screed alignment.

A classic pie must be multi-layered and must include the following components:

compacted soil surface;
river sand pillow;
backfill made of crushed stone or expanded clay;
waterproofing layer;
rough concrete screed;
vapor barrier layer;
insulation;
reinforced rough screed;
flooring.

To lay the correct floor pie on the ground, use video instructions. It should be noted that the technology of flooring and the design of the cake directly depends on the type of floor covering used. Let's look at a few popular options.

Concrete floor on the ground

Before carrying out work, it is necessary to divide the room into strips 100 cm wide. Laying the floor will begin with the segment farthest from the entrance. If such a floor is properly concreted, it will require virtually no maintenance. It is advisable to break the old floor layer only if the coating has already cracked or begun to crumble. The main advantage of a concrete floor is strength and durability; in addition, it is the most a budget option flooring devices. The availability of materials and the ease of preparing the mixture make concrete floors popular today.

The installation of such flooring takes place in stages, and it is important to follow the order and not skip steps. So, a concrete floor implies the use next technology styling:

level marking;
cleaning and compacting soil;
laying a cushion of crushed stone, sand and gravel;
waterproofing layer;
insulation;
laying the reinforcing layer;
installation of guides;
installation of formwork;
preparation and pouring of concrete mixture;
concrete leveling;
execution of the screed.

Concrete floor on the ground is durable and reliable option home improvement, but the installation process requires technology and is time-consuming.

Wooden floor on the ground

The main feature and advantage of wooden flooring is a ventilated underground; in addition, such floors can provide warmth, comfort and provide a home with coziness. For normal circulation of air masses and reduction of heat loss, the height of the ventilated underground should be 20 cm. The technology for making a wooden floor cake involves the following steps:

soil preparation: leveling the soil, laying a cushion of crushed stone and compacting the soil;
pouring a thin layer of concrete
installation of beacons and determination of locations for brick pedestals;
laying a concrete screed under a brick bedside table on top of the underlying layer;
arrangement of bedside tables made of solid brick;
waterproofing using two-layer roofing material;
styling wooden beams, pre-impregnated with antiseptic;
thermal insulation of the floor on the ground;
laying timber on brick tables;
installation of floor joists;
leveling the flooring using a plane;
Puttying the locations of mounting nails.

A wooden floor on the ground is the most optimal option for installing flooring in your home with your own hands. Anyone who can hold a hammer in their hands can cope with this process.

Professional builders note that when making a pie, it is necessary to remember that the finished floor covering must correspond to the level of the door threshold.
Floors on the ground, with a very limited budget allocated for their installation, are recommended to be installed in outbuildings, non-residential premises, basements, etc. Here you can save significantly on the building materials used.
If there is a sufficient amount of cement, first of all, you should make a screed from a concrete-crushed stone mixture. After this, thermal insulation - expanded clay or slag - can be laid on top of the screed.

Externally similar to a slab foundation, the ground floor structure is less massive and cheaper to manufacture. Instead of two reinforcing mesh, one wire mesh is used; stiffeners are needed only under heavy partitions. The ground floor is not a load-bearing structure and is created exclusively for the installation of floor coverings.

Floor construction on the ground

Layer-by-layer scheme of the floor on the ground.

The classic scheme of a concrete floor on the ground contains a correct and complete pie of several layers with insulation:

sand;
geotextiles;
layer of crushed stone 0.4 m;
footing;
waterproofing;
insulation;
a concrete screed with a wire mesh in its lower third, separated from the base, grillage or foundation by a damper tape around the perimeter.

Simplified diagram of a floor on the ground.

Preparing the base

For communications, it is necessary to dig trenches with a slope, bring them outside the foundation and near the walls inside the house.

Wiring of engineering systems.

Important! The correct ground floor is made in the form of a floating screed, separated from the elements of foundations and plinths by a damper layer. It is forbidden to rest the slab on protruding parts of these structures.

Separating layer

To avoid mutual mixing of the layers of the floor pie on the ground with the soil of the base, the pit is lined with non-woven material (geotextile or dornite). The edges of the separating layer web are launched onto the side surface and pressed against bricks and wall blocks. An additional function of geotextiles is to prevent weed roots from growing through the concrete floor on the ground during operation.

Advice! Geotextiles with a density of 100 g/m2 or more can be laid under a floating screed, since the structure is considered not responsible, unlike slab foundations, which require needle-punched material with a density of 200 g/m2 or more.

Substrate

The concrete floor layer on the ground must rest on a hard layer to avoid soil subsidence. Therefore, depending on the ground conditions, non-metallic materials are used:

Filling the underlying layer with expanded clay.

Advice! A prerequisite is high-quality compaction of every 15 cm of the underlying layer with a vibrating plate or manual tamper. It is not recommended to spill sand with water; the material should be moistened with a watering can before backfilling and compaction.

Footing

The classic floor pie on concrete soil includes a concrete screed made from a thin B7.5 mixture. It is necessary to solve several problems:

However, to reduce the construction budget, the concrete base is replaced with other technologies:

Important! The footing is not reinforced, but is necessarily separated from the elements of the foundation or plinth along the perimeter by a damping layer (pieces of polystyrene foam on an edge or a special tape).

Waterproofing and insulation

The next step is to insulate the cake from moisture, prevent heat loss in the floors and retain geothermal heat under the building. For this, waterproofing and insulation are used. Their relative position inside the structure pie is as follows:

The main mistake developers make is laying a vapor barrier over expanded polystyrene:

the air temperature in the room is always higher than in the ground under the screed (true for heated rooms);
therefore, when laying flooring that does not have vapor barrier properties (floorboards, parquet, cork), the direction of steam will always be from top to bottom;
the vapor barrier membrane will accumulate moisture on the surface, inside the cake, at the insulation/concrete interface;
the screed will collapse and the wire mesh inside will corrode.

The following materials can be used as waterproofing:

built-up rolls - Technonikol, Gidrostekloizol, Bikrost or roofing felt;
film - made of polyvinyl chloride or polyethylene;
membranes – have high density and strength, can be laid without making a concrete base.

Admix mixture - an additive is added to concrete during mixing, the structural material becomes moisture-proof;
Penetron - the floor on the ground is processed AFTER concreting, the effect is similar to the previous one.

These waterproofing materials also do not require a footing.

Of all the existing insulation materials, the best option for floors on the ground is high-density extruded polystyrene foam of the XPS or EPS grades (for example, Penoplex). The thickness of the layer depends on the climate of the operating region, ranging from 5 to 20 cm. The sheets are laid with mixing joints in adjacent rows, large gaps are filled with polyurethane foam with similar properties.

Damper layer

Damper layer of the floor on the ground.

Important! The height of the cutting layer should be slightly higher than the thickness of the floating screed. After the concrete has hardened, the material is cut off with a knife, and the junction points are decorated with plinths after laying the floor covering.

Floating screed

The main nuances of concreting a floor on the ground are:

It is recommended to fill in one step;
areas larger than 50 m2 (relevant for studio rooms, sheds and garages) should be separated by a special corner to create expansion joints;
internal load-bearing walls and heavy partitions must be built on a separate foundation;
partitions made of gypsum plasterboard/gypsum plasterboard must be partially erected so that when the screed dries, moisture is not absorbed into the plasterboard or gypsum fiber sheet, destroying these materials;
It is preferable to pour along plaster beacons or profiles for gypsum plasterboard systems installed in a single horizontal level on quick-drying putty solutions;
screed thickness 5 - 20 cm, depending on operational loads and the planned floor covering, as well as the need to install underfloor heating pipes.

Partial construction of plasterboard partitions is carried out using the following technology:

installation of racks and horizontal jumpers;
covering them at the joints of the floor on the ground with strips of plasterboard 10–20 cm high along the entire length.

For flooring on the ground, you can use ready-mixed concrete B12.5 and higher; the filler is gravel, dolomite or granite crushed stone. The screed is reinforced at the lower level with wire mesh.

Important! If the technology is broken, heavy partitions are planned to be supported on a screed; in the places where they pass, stiffening ribs are needed, which are created by analogy with the USHP slab (insulated Swedish floating foundation slab).

Floor reinforcement on the ground

The industry produces welded wire mesh BP in accordance with GOST 8478 from 5 mm wire with a square cell of 10 - 20 cm. Do-it-yourself knitting on site is more expensive due to the high consumption of knitting wire and increased labor intensity. The grids are laid using the following technology:

Unlike reinforcing mesh, wire cards have much less rigidity; walking on them when laying the mixture is strictly prohibited. Therefore, the following methods are used:

ladders - halves of bricks are placed in the mesh cells, on which boards rest, which are moved along with spacers as the structure is ready;
“paths” - concrete is piled from the entrance of the room to the far corner, after which you can walk along these paths without shifting the grid.

In small rooms, appropriately sized grid cards are usually used. If the room has a complex configuration, additional pieces need to be cut. In this case and when reinforcing large areas, the overlap of cards/rolls is at least one cell.

Stiffening ribs under the partitions

Reinforcement of stiffeners.

Heated floor contours

Warm floor inside the screed.

To connect to the collectors, the underfloor heating pipes are routed outside near the wall. In this place they must be covered with damper tape. A similar expansion joint technology is required for all communications passing through the screed (heating risers, hot water supply/hot water supply).

Thus, the composition of the floor on the ground can be modified depending on the construction budget and specific operational and soil conditions.

When carrying out repairs or construction, you must ensure that the floor of your home is as warm as possible and protected from moisture. Many projects often involve the construction of this system, which is a practical and inexpensive option.

For reference

If you provide the structure with thermal insulation, it will guarantee comfort and warmth inside the premises, reducing maintenance costs. Such a system will resemble a layer cake, which contains several materials.

Layer Layout

Quite often lately floors have been installed on the ground. The correct pie of this system requires the presence of bedding, screed, hydro- and thermal insulation. Layers must be laid in stages. Before starting work, the soil needs to be prepared. The top fertile layer is removed, the area is cleared of debris and foreign objects. At this stage it will be necessary to level the surface. Next, sand is poured in; you can use any type of sand. After backfilling, the layer is well compacted.

The next step is to lay crushed stone or gravel. Thanks to this preparation groundwater will not rise to the top, in addition, you can level the surface well. The thickness of this preparation is approximately 8 centimeters. As practice shows, floors on the ground are becoming increasingly popular. The correct pie for this part of the house is a system that provides for the laying of reinforcing material at the next stage metal mesh. With its help it will be possible to strengthen the concrete screed and fix the heating pipes.

After completing all the work described above, you can begin arranging a rough screed using concrete; the thickness of this coating ranges from 5 to 10 centimeters. After the solution has hardened, it is laid, which is sometimes replaced with a membrane. The main task of this layer is to prevent moisture from entering the concrete. Therefore, the film strips must be overlapped. The joints are secured with construction tape.

Insulation and waterproofing

Next, the selected thermal insulation material, in the role of which you can use foamed polystyrene or dense polystyrene with a foil coating. If it is expected that the load on the surface will be quite impressive, then slabs should be used. The thickness of this layer should be selected depending on the climatic conditions of the region where construction is taking place. You can also install floors on the ground. The correct pie should involve laying a waterproofing layer at the next stage. This can be roofing felt, which is covered in one layer. On final stage a finishing screed is installed, which will act as the finishing floor covering. Its thickness usually varies from 7 to 10 centimeters.

Main advantages

Among the main advantages of such a floor is the reliability of protecting the house from frost and cold. Regardless of the temperature of the soil on which the system will be laid, the soil will have a positive temperature. An additional advantage is that insulation material Almost any thermal insulation can be used. For waterproofing, you can use cheap roofing felt or a special film. Flooring It can also be absolutely anything, here everything will depend on the preferences of the owners.

Due to the fact that the floor is installed on the ground, there is no need to make calculations. In places where the load will be significant, it is recommended to increase the thickness of the heated floor pie. Quite often, home craftsmen independently install a heated floor pie on the ground. The design, the advantages of which are described in the article, can form the basis for the heating system of the entire building. This will eliminate the need to install additional sources heat. Her this design has excellent soundproofing characteristics.

Alternative options for installing floors on the ground

If you decide to install floors on the ground, the right pie may include a different arrangement of layers. Everything will depend on the level of groundwater, the type of system, operational loads and other factors. In the above example, the main sub-base layer is concrete. But in some cases, a pie is laid, where the screed is replaced with a sand cushion, the thickness of which is 150 millimeters. The sequence will remain the same, but ensuring a flat surface will be more difficult.

If polystyrene foam is used to insulate the floor on the ground, the structure of the pie will be somewhat different. In this case, a layer of gravel should be laid 30 cm thick, a concrete screed - 15 cm thick, followed by a layer of waterproofing and insulation, and a reinforced concrete screed acts as the final layer.

Provides excellent thermal insulation mineral wool board, which has high density, resistance to deformation and a long service life. It is recommended to lay this material in two layers. In order to prevent water absorption, it is necessary to treat with water-repellent compounds. Expanded clay can be used as an insulating layer, which will be inexpensive and simple option. In this case, additional waterproofing is not required; in addition, expanded clay can replace a layer of gravel and screed.

Work technology

If you want to install heated floors on the ground, the correct pie can only be laid after preparatory work. They have been described above. At the next stage, a thick layer of sand is poured, which is spilled with water to better sealing. Then comes a layer of expanded clay. A rough reinforced screed is made, on top of which a waterproofing material. This can be a polyethylene film, which is covered with insulation. The finishing screed will be last layer, it also needs to be reinforced and a heated floor system should be installed at its base. It can be water or electric. When preparing the solution, clean river sand and fine crushed stone are used. There is no need to provide gaps when laying layers; the only exception is the finishing screed. The ground pie, the design of which may include the presence of linoleum and laminate, can be considered equipped at this stage.

Wooden floor on the ground

If we compare a regular floor with one formed on the ground, several differences can be identified. In the latter case, it is necessary to provide space between the floor and the ground, which will act as a ventilated underground. Its height usually varies from 5 to 10 cm. To begin with, the soil base is prepared, this includes leveling the surface, adding crushed stone and compacting it. Next, the layer is poured and then markings are made, at this stage beacons are installed and the places where the brick supports will be located are marked. Full-bodied products have to be prepared for them. Next, a double layer of roofing material is laid with some overlap, and if the soil is wet, then it needs to be laid in two layers. The master lays wooden spacers, which are impregnated with an antiseptic. If you are thinking about how to make the right floor pie on the ground, you should know that wooden structure provides for the presence of a layer of slag, the thickness of which can reach a meter. Then a beam is installed on the brick supports, to which you will have to attach the floor boards using nails. Using a plane, the wooden floor is leveled, and the next step is to putty the surface, which especially applies to those places where the nail heads are located.

You can begin work by arranging a dense and quality foundation. The soil is removed to a depth of 0.5 meters. Instead of the above-described preparation, you can fill it up, which can be compacted well using a special tool or vibrating plate. The bedding layer is usually a 5-centimeter concrete screed; the cost of further work, as well as the time for carrying it out, can be significantly reduced. When wooden floors are laid on the ground, the correct cake may contain not only the above materials for waterproofing, but also a PVC membrane, fiberglass, polyester or bitumen mastic.

Conclusion

Without outside help You can install floors on the ground yourself. The correct floor pie is made with your own hands using only quality materials and subject to the rules of technology. For example, to ensure that the entire surface is level, you must use a building level.